Objective:To construct an evaluation index system of internal control medical equipment based on the internal control theory of The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission(COSO)and combined with the current situation of medical equipment internal management in public hospitals,so as to provide reference and suggestions for the evaluation of internal control of medical equipment in public hospitals.Methods:Through literature research and expert consultation,the evaluation index system of internal control of medical equipment was preliminarily determined.Using the Delphi method,15 experts from 1 medical college and 3 tertiary hospitals in Beijing who were engaged in the use and management of medical equipment were selected to conduct two rounds of consultation on the evaluation index system of internal control of medical equipment,and the evaluation indicators were scored and screened.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the index weights,and the internal control evaluation index system of medical equipment in public hospitals based on COSO was constructed.Results:The coefficient of the two rounds of expert consultation was 100%.The authority degree of consulting experts was 0.867.Finally,the evaluation index system of internal control of medical equipment in tertiary public hospitals was formed,which included 5 first-level indicators,17 second-level indicators and 50 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The evaluation index of internal control of medical equipment in public hospitals based on COSO has high expert enthusiasm,authority and coordination.The evaluation index system includes the unit level and the business level of internal control,with a wide coverage,which makes up for the limitations of traditional internal evaluation of medical equipment,which can make up for the limitations of the internal evaluation of traditional medical equipment,improve the internal control system of medical equipment in public hospitals,and optimize the medical equipment management system.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein on the cell cycle,pro-liferation,and apoptosis of THP-1 cells via activation of STAT3 phosphorylation.ROP16 empty vector and recombinant lenti-viral overexpression vector were transfected into THP-1 cells,the fluorescence intensity was observed,and overexpression was verified.STAT3 and P-STAT3 protein expression in THP-1 cells overexpressing ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ was detected by Western blot-ting.The cells were treated with the STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic,and divided into a THP-1 group,THP-1+Stattic group,THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group,and THP-1-ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group.Changes in the cell cycle,proliferation curve,and apoptosis rate were detected with flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays,and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,Caspase9,and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting.A strong fluorescence signal was ob-served after transfection of ROP16 recombinant lentivirus overexpression vector into THP-1 cells,and ROP16 mRNA and pro-tein expression significantly increased(FmRNA=314.1,Fprotein=758.7,P＜0.001),thus indicating successful construction of cell strains with stable overexpression.In addition,P-STAT3 protein showed higher expression in THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group than the THP-1 group(F=606.1,P＜0.001).Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results indicated that,compared with the THP-1 group,the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group showed a cell cycle blocked in G1 phase,lower cell proliferation ability(t Ⅰgroup=19.2,tⅢgroup=24.0,P＜0.01),and a higher apoptosis rate(t Ⅰgroup=175.1,tⅢgroup=205.2,P＜0.001).Western blotting results also demonstrated significantly elevated expression of the intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,and Caspase9(t Bax Ⅰgroup=15.8,tBaxⅢgroup=11.1,t Caspase9 Ⅰ group=9.1,t Caspaseg Ⅲ group=10.2,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅰ group=16.5,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅲ group=12.9,all P＜0.001),and significantly diminished expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(t Ⅰgroup=18.4,tⅢgroup=26.2,P＜0.001).However,after Stattic treatment,the cell cycle,proliferation ability,apoptosis rate,and expression of apoptosis-re-lated proteins in the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group were restored to near baseline levels.Thus,Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ proteins were found to block the THP-1 cell cycle at G1 phase,inhibit cell proliferation,and promote apoptosis by activating the phosphorylation of STAT3.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein on the cell cycle,pro-liferation,and apoptosis of THP-1 cells via activation of STAT3 phosphorylation.ROP16 empty vector and recombinant lenti-viral overexpression vector were transfected into THP-1 cells,the fluorescence intensity was observed,and overexpression was verified.STAT3 and P-STAT3 protein expression in THP-1 cells overexpressing ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ was detected by Western blot-ting.The cells were treated with the STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic,and divided into a THP-1 group,THP-1+Stattic group,THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group,and THP-1-ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group.Changes in the cell cycle,proliferation curve,and apoptosis rate were detected with flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays,and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,Caspase9,and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting.A strong fluorescence signal was ob-served after transfection of ROP16 recombinant lentivirus overexpression vector into THP-1 cells,and ROP16 mRNA and pro-tein expression significantly increased(FmRNA=314.1,Fprotein=758.7,P＜0.001),thus indicating successful construction of cell strains with stable overexpression.In addition,P-STAT3 protein showed higher expression in THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group than the THP-1 group(F=606.1,P＜0.001).Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results indicated that,compared with the THP-1 group,the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group showed a cell cycle blocked in G1 phase,lower cell proliferation ability(t Ⅰgroup=19.2,tⅢgroup=24.0,P＜0.01),and a higher apoptosis rate(t Ⅰgroup=175.1,tⅢgroup=205.2,P＜0.001).Western blotting results also demonstrated significantly elevated expression of the intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,and Caspase9(t Bax Ⅰgroup=15.8,tBaxⅢgroup=11.1,t Caspase9 Ⅰ group=9.1,t Caspaseg Ⅲ group=10.2,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅰ group=16.5,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅲ group=12.9,all P＜0.001),and significantly diminished expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(t Ⅰgroup=18.4,tⅢgroup=26.2,P＜0.001).However,after Stattic treatment,the cell cycle,proliferation ability,apoptosis rate,and expression of apoptosis-re-lated proteins in the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group were restored to near baseline levels.Thus,Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ proteins were found to block the THP-1 cell cycle at G1 phase,inhibit cell proliferation,and promote apoptosis by activating the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man (OR: 0.850, 95%CI: 0.781-0.925), in rural areas (OR: 0.753, 95%CI: 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.751-0.963), quitters (OR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.640-0.813) and smoker (OR: 0.724, 95%CI: 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old (OR: 1.312, 95%CI: 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above (OR: 1.834-5.130, 95%CI: 1.575-6.047), technical personnel (OR: 1.592, 95%CI: 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff (OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.071-1.385), retired (OR: 1.324, 95%CI: 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer (OR: 1.369, 95%CI: 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; China ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Aged

Objective: To evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of envafolimab monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: This open-label, multicenter phase I trial included dose escalation and dose expansion phases. In the dose escalation phase, patients received subcutaneous 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg envafolimab once weekly (QW) following a modified "3+ 3" design. The dose expansion phase was performed in the 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg (QW) dose cohorts. Results: At November 25, 2019, a total of 287 patients received envafolimab treatment. During the dose escalation phase, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) was observed. In all dose cohorts, drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) for all grades occurred in 75.3% of patients, and grade 3 or 4 occurred in 20.6% of patients. The incidence of immune-related adverse reactions (irAE) was 24.0% for all grades, the most common irAEs (≥2%) included hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, immune-associated hepatitis and rash. The incidence of injection site reactions was low (3.8%), all of which were grades 1-2. Among the 216 efficacy evaluable patients, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 11.6% and 43.1%, respectively. Median duration of response was 49.1 weeks (95% CI: 24.0, 49.3). Pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure to envafolimab is proportional to dose and median time to maximum plasma concentration is 72-120 hours based on the PK results from the dose escalation phase of the study. Conclusion: Subcutaneous envafolimab has a favorable safety and promising preliminary anti-tumor activity in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors.
Humans ; East Asian People ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use*

Objective: To evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of envafolimab monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: This open-label, multicenter phase I trial included dose escalation and dose expansion phases. In the dose escalation phase, patients received subcutaneous 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg envafolimab once weekly (QW) following a modified "3+ 3" design. The dose expansion phase was performed in the 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg (QW) dose cohorts. Results: At November 25, 2019, a total of 287 patients received envafolimab treatment. During the dose escalation phase, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) was observed. In all dose cohorts, drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) for all grades occurred in 75.3% of patients, and grade 3 or 4 occurred in 20.6% of patients. The incidence of immune-related adverse reactions (irAE) was 24.0% for all grades, the most common irAEs (≥2%) included hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, immune-associated hepatitis and rash. The incidence of injection site reactions was low (3.8%), all of which were grades 1-2. Among the 216 efficacy evaluable patients, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 11.6% and 43.1%, respectively. Median duration of response was 49.1 weeks (95% CI: 24.0, 49.3). Pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure to envafolimab is proportional to dose and median time to maximum plasma concentration is 72-120 hours based on the PK results from the dose escalation phase of the study. Conclusion: Subcutaneous envafolimab has a favorable safety and promising preliminary anti-tumor activity in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors.
Humans ; East Asian People ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use*

BACKGROUND: Shenyankangfu Tablet (SYKFT) is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT, for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients, against the standard drug, losartan potassium. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Primary glomerulonephritis patients, aged 18-70 years, with blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min per 1.73 m MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level, after 48 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 735 participants were enrolled. The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78% ± 2.56% (P = 0.006) more than that in the losartan 50 mg group, which was 0.51% ± 2.54% (P = 1.000) less than that in the losartan 100 mg group. Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39% ± 2.49% (P < 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein level. Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77% ± 2.52% (P = 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein. With a superiority threshold of 15%, neither was statistically significant. eGFR, serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant. The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT (-3.00 [-6.00, -2.00]) and who did not take SYKFT (-2.00 [-5.00, 0]) was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group. CONCLUSION: SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients, with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR. SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Physalin B (PB), one of the major active steroidal constituents of Solanaceae Physalis plants, has a wide variety of biological activities. We found that PB significantly down-regulated β-amyloid (Aβ) secretion in N2a/APPsw cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the changes in key enzymes involved in β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and other APP metabolites by treating N2a/APPsw cells with PB at different concentrations. The results indicated that PB reduced Aβ secretion, which was caused by down-regulation of β-secretase (BACE1) expression, as indicated at both the protein and mRNA levels. Further research revealed that PB regulated BACE1 expression by inducing the activation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, the effect of PB on BACE1 expression and Aβ secretion was reversed by treatment with FoxO1 siRNA and STAT3 antagonist S3I-201. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that PB can effectively down-regulate the expression of BACE1 to reduce Aβsecretion by activating the expression of FoxO1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism* ; Down-Regulation ; Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics* ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism* ; Secosteroids

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease (AD), and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability. METHODS Morris-water maze test, novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was employed to investigate gut microbiota. RESULTS The treatment of LW- AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice, including spatial learning and memory ability, active avoidance response, and object recognition memory capability. Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strains, the control of SAMP8 mice. The treatment of LW- AFC altered 22 (16 increased and 6 decreased) OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them, 15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice. We further showed that there were 7 (3 negative and 4 positive correlation) OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities, at the order level, including Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Desulfovibrionales, CW040, and two unclassified orders. LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice. CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.

Clinical breakpoints are used in phaseⅡorⅢclinical trials to categorize microorganisms if susceptibility to new tested antibacterial agents that means the patient infected by the pathogen will be enrolled the study or not.The role of this consensus is to define procedure and required data to setting breakpoints and how to revaluate it in clinical trials.