Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus is the dried bulb of perennial herbaceous plants in the Fritillaria genus(Liliaceae family) and is a representative traditional Chinese medicinal material with distinctive regional characteristics. Clinically, it is widely used in the treatment of dry cough, bronchial asthma, and other respiratory diseases, possessing significant medicinal and economic value and being highly esteemed in TCM. Currently, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus primarily relies on wild harvesting. However, due to excessive collection, its wild resources have drastically declined, and all source species have been classified as category Ⅱ in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants, exacerbating the supply-demand imbalance in the market. To mitigate this issue, large-scale cultivation through the domestication of wild Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus has become an inevitable trend. However, its strict environmental requirements, low propagation efficiency, high seedling mortality, and immature cultivation techniques have severely hindered industrialization. This study investigates the domestication process of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, focusing on seed propagation, seedling cultivation, and medicinal material production. It also reviews the species and distribution of wild resources, their endangered status, market supply-demand dynamics, and the historical and current development of domestication. The findings indicate that enhancing propagation efficiency, optimizing cultivation models, and distinguishing between seed propagation and medicinal material production are key measures to accelerate the industrialization of domesticated Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus. This research aims to promote the industrialization of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus domestication and provide a reference model for the conservation and sustainable utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plant resources.
Fritillaria/chemistry* ; Endangered Species ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/economics* ; China

To investigate the impact of preoperative serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on the probability of testicular sperm retrieval, we conducted a study of nonobstructive azoospermic (NOA) men with different testicular volumes (TVs) who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). A total of 177 NOA patients undergoing micro-TESE for the first time from April 2019 to November 2022 in Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China) were retrospectively reviewed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on average TV quartiles. Serum hormone levels in each TV group were compared between positive and negative sperm retrieval subgroups. Overall sperm retrieval rate was 57.6%. FSH levels (median [interquartile range]) were higher in the positive sperm retrieval subgroup compared with the negative outcome subgroup when average TV was <5 ml (first quartile [Q1: TV <3 ml]: 43.32 [17.92] IU l -1 vs 32.95 [18.56] IU l -1 , P = 0.048; second quartile [Q2: 3 ml ≤ TV <5 ml]: 31.31 [15.37] IU l -1 vs 25.59 [18.40] IU l -1 , P = 0.042). Elevated serum FSH levels were associated with successful micro-TESE sperm retrieval in NOA men whose average TVs were <5 ml (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.06 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.11; P = 0.011). In men with TVs ≥5 ml, larger TVs were associated with lower odds of sperm retrieval (adjusted OR: 0.84 per 1 ml increase; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98; P = 0.029). In conclusion, elevated serum FSH levels were associated with positive sperm retrieval in micro-TESE in NOA men with TVs <5 ml. In men with TV ≥5 ml, increases in average TVs were associated with lower odds of sperm retrieval.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/surgery* ; Sperm Retrieval/statistics & numerical data* ; Adult ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood* ; Retrospective Studies ; Testis/pathology* ; Microdissection ; Organ Size

Objective To analyze the effects of different anastomotic methods on flap survival rate and wound healing factors of patients with transplantation of superficial branch perforator flap of superficial circumflex iliac artery(SCIA).Methods A total of 100 patients with skin defects of limbs admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to August 2022 were selected and divided into end-to-end anastomosis group(56 cases)and end-to-side anastomosis group(44 cases)according to different anastomosis methods.In the end-to-end anastomosis group,the end of the flap artery was anastomosed with the end of the aortic branch in the affected area.In the end-to-side anastomosis group,the end of recipient flap artery was anastomosed with the side of aorta.Patients in both groups were followed up for 6 to 12 months,the arterial caliber,lateral caliber and anastomosis time were compared between the two groups.The survival of the flap,the occurrence of venous crisis,the shape and function of the flap and donor area were observed.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the arterial caliber or lateral caliber of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The anastomosis time of patients in the end-to-end anastomosis group was significantly shorter than that in the end-to-side anastomosis group(P<0.05).All 56 cases in the end-to-end anastomosis group survived.In the end-to-side anastomosis group,venous crisis occurred in 4 cases,with venous thrombosis,2 cases survived after re-anastomosis,2 cases were changed to abdominal pedicled flap when venous crisis occurred again,the appearance and function of the flap and donor area were satisfactory 6 months to 1 year after surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in color,thickness,vascular distribution or flexibility of donor area of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in pain,appearance,vitality and recreation of recipient area of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The application of different arterial anastomosis methods in the transplantation of superficial branch perforator flap of SCIA for the treatment of skin and soft tissue defects of limbs is safe and reliable,the postoperative survival of the flap is good,the healing is not affected by the anastomosis method,and the appearance of the affected area is satisfactory,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Secondary organic aerosol(SOA)produced by photooxidation of styrene and other aromatic compounds is a major part of fine particles in urban atmosphere.In this study,the measurement of component and content of SOA formed from photooxidation of styrene in smog chamber using synchronous radiation vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer(VUV-PIAMS)was conducted.Photoionization mass spectra of styrene SOA was detected by synchrotron radiation photon with 10.5 eV,and the proportion of main components was quantified based on the peak area of each ion peak.The photoionization efficiency curve of ion peak was obtained under synchrotron radiation photons in the range from 7.5 to 11.5 eV,and then the ionization potential was acquired for qualitative analysis of the component structure.The results showed that the photoionization mass spectra of styrene SOA mainly contained ion peaks at m/z 106,108,120 and 122,and the ionization potentials of each peak were(9.41±0.03)eV,(8.93±0.03)eV,(9.24±0.03)eV and(9.25±0.03)eV,respectively.Combined with quantum chemistry calculation and off-line measurement verification of infrared absorption spectra and electrospray ionization mass spectra,it was determined that benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,4-vinylphenol and benzoic acid were main components of styrene SOA,accounting for 32.5%,17.5%,25%and 15%of the measured components,respectively,and the generated quantity ratio was 13∶7∶10∶6.VUV-PIAMS could overcome the disadvantages of off-line method,and could on-line detect component and content of SOA,proving a useful tool to measure the chemical components and reveal the formation process of SOA particles.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To study the effect of a modified behavioral treatment(MBT)on functional anejaculation and analyze the factors influencing the therapeutic efficacy.Methods:We enrolled in this study 59 men aged 24-45 years visiting the Andrology Clinic of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from August 2019 to May 2021 and complaining of aejaculation in sexual inter-course but normally ejaculating during masturbation.Thirty-nine of the patients underwent conventional behavioral treatment(the CBT group)and the other 20 received MBT,namely,changing the masturbation method combined with audiovisual stimulation during sexual intercourse(the MBT group).We compared the therapeutic effects between the two groups of patients,and analyzed the correlation of the outcomes of MBT with age,abstinence duration,use of audiovisual stimulation,change of the sexual position,mean bilateral testis volume and sex hormone levels.Results:After treatment,22(37.29％)of the patients achieved successful ejaculation at least once in sexual intercourse,11(55.00％)in the MBT group,and the other 11(28.21)in the CBT group,with a significantly higher effec-tiveness rate in the former than in the latter(P＜0.05).The effectiveness rate was significantly correlated to the method of standing-position masturbation plus sexual intercourse and reduction in the frequency of masturbation among various strategies of behavioral treat-ment(P＜0.05).Conclusion:MBT has a certain effect on functional anejaculation,and targeting the previous events of the patient is the key to the therapeutic efficacy.Further exploration of more effective strategies of behavioral treatment will become the trend of de-velopment in the management of functional anejaculation.

To compare the impact of the scrotal vs inguinal orchidopexy approach on the testicular function of infants with cryptorchidism, a randomized controlled trial was conducted involving boys who were 6-12 months old at surgery and were diagnosed with clinically palpable, inguinal undescended testis. Between June 2021 and December 2021, these boys at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) and Fujian Children's Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were enrolled. Block randomization with a 1:1 allocation ratio was employed. The primary outcome was testicular function assessed by testicular volume, serum testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B (InhB) levels. Secondary outcomes included operative time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative complications. Among 577 screened patients, 100 (17.3%) were considered eligible and enrolled in the study. Of the 100 children who completed the 1-year follow-up, 50 underwent scrotal orchidopexy and 50 underwent inguinal orchidopexy. The testicular volume, serum testosterone, AMH, and InhB levels in both groups increased markedly after surgery (all P < 0.05), but there were no apparent differences between groups at 6 months and 12 months after operation (all P > 0.05). No differences between the scrotal and inguinal groups were noted regarding the operative time ( P = 0.987) and amount of intraoperative bleeding ( P = 0.746). The overall complication rate (2.0%) of the scrotal group was slightly lower than that of the inguinal group (8.0%), although this difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Both scrotal and inguinal orchiopexy exerted protective effects on testicular function in children with cryptorchidism, with similar operative status and postoperative complications. Scrotal orchiopexy is an effective alternative to inguinal orchiopexy in children with cryptorchidism.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Cryptorchidism/surgery* ; Orchiopexy ; Scrotum/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Testosterone

Aim To prepare prostate cancer exosomes containing melittin and observe their uptake by prostate cancer cells. Methods Cells treated with starvation for different time were screened for exosome extraction. Exosomes from PC-3 cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation, and the extracted particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analyzer(NTA), and Western blot. Melittin exosome system was prepared by repeated freeze-thaw method, incubation at room temperature as well as electroporation, and the size of encapsulation efficiency was measured by centrifugation. A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was applied to assay the content of melittin exosomes(exo-mel). Fluorescence inverted microscopy was employed to evaluate the uptake of melittin exosomes by PC-3 cells, DU145 cells as well as LNCaP cells. Results The results of starvation treatment showed that 24 h starvation treatment was the optimal time point. TEM results showed that the exosomes were round or oval in shape with a distinct membranous structure, and the diameter was around 100 nm. The reagent protein concentration for NTA analysis of exosomes was 0.222 g·L-1. The results of Western blot for the marker proteins of exosomes showed that Alix and CD63 were positively expressed, which indicated that the exosomes could be obtained by starvation culture of PC-3 cells and ultracentrifugation. The results of entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment efficiency of electroporation method was 17.51% ± 2.39%, that of repeated freeze-thaw method was 11.46% ± 1.02%, and that of room temperature incubation method was 3.93% ± 2.44%. The encapsulation efficiency of electroporation was the highest with significant difference(P<0.05). The uptake assay showed that PC-3 cells could efficiently take up exo-mel in a time-dependent manner, and DU145 cells and LNCaP cells also could take up exo-mel over time. Conclusions Exosomes can be accessed by starvation treatment and high-speed centrifugation, and the prostate cancer melittin exosome system prepared by electroporation method could be taken up by prostate cancer cells.

Objective To establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the patient monitor clinical application based on real world data(RWD)to provide references for levels of medical institutions to purchase patient monitors.Methods RWD method was used to collect clinical application data of the monitors from 14 medical institutions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and a Chinese brand X(including X1 series for mid-end products and X2 series for high-end products)and a foreign brand Y(including Y1 series for mid-end products and Y2 series for high-end products)with the highest market share were selected to construct a monitor clinical application evaluation system involving in five indicators such as clinical efficacy,applicability,reliability,instrument function and service system.Data processing was carried out with Mantel-Haenszel analysis,propensity score analysis and pairwise comparison method to calculate the clinical application evaluation scores of X and Y brands of monitors.Results In the mid-end products,X series gained advantages over Y series in clinical efficacy,reliability and applicability(P＜0.05),while the differences between the service systems were not statistically signifi-cantly(P＞0.05);in the high-end products,there were no significant differences between the clinical efficacy,applicability,reliability and service systems(P＞0.05).Brand X and Y monitors were equipped with similar basic and advanced functions.Conchision The evaluation system established based on real-world data can be able to effectively evaluate the clinical appli-cation of the monitor,which provides references for clinical application evaluation of medical devices in China.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(11):71-78]

This study evaluated the scientific nature and effectiveness of iterative optimization of prevention and control measures for local outbreaks caused by the BA.2 and BA.5.2 COVID-19 strains in Fujian Province in 2022,to provide a scientif-ic basis for responding to future new or recurrent respiratory infectious diseases.According to the theory of infectious disease dynamics,relevant information regarding the local epidemic situation caused by the BA.2 sub-type Omicron virus strain in March 2022 and BA.5.2 sub-type Omicron virus strain in October 2022 in Fujian Province was collected.The susceptible exposed infectious removed(SEIAR)model of COVID-19 infection with a latent period and asymptomatic infected persons was used to analyze the transmission dynam-ics of two local epidemic situations,and evaluate the preven-tion and control effects.The incubation period of the BA.2 epidemic was 3 days(1～9 days),the intergenerational inter-val was 3 days(1～5 days),and the initial Rt was 3.0(95％CI:2.7～3.3).The incubation period of the BA.5.2 epidemic was 2 days(1～6 days),the intergenerational interval was 1 day(0～2 days),and the initial R,was 1.9(95％CI:1.7～2.1).The fittingresults for the BA.2 and BA.5.2 epidemics were good,and no statistical difference was observed between the predic-ted and actual numbers of cases(x2BA.2=31.53,x2BA.5.2=27.88,P＞0.05).If an emergency response had not been initiated,the BA.2 epidemic would have continued to spread andpeak on April 7th,with an estimated 638 035 cases.The BA.5.2 epidemic would have rapidly spread,reaching a peak on November 14th,with an estimated 685 940 cases.If one incubation period were detected early,the scale of the BA.2 epidemic would have decreased by 25.73％;if two incubation periods were detected early,the scale would have decreased by 79.56％,and if one incubation period had been delayed,the scale would have expanded by 13.72％.If one incubation period had been detected early in the BA.5.2 epidemic,the scale would have decreased by 35.04％;if two incubation periods had been detected early,the scale would have decreased by 92.47％;and if one incubation period had been delayed,the scale would have increased by 19.75％.The guiding ideology,and the prevention and control measures for handling two local epidemics were optimized and iterated.Our study indicated that implementing the"four early"measures ef-fectively decreased the scale of the epidemic,and earlier detection was associated with more significant control effects.This study provides valuable information for the prevention and control of new or recurrent respiratory infectious diseases.