Cinnabar(HgS) was widely used in ancient times for medicinal purposes, religious rituals, and pigments. A group of bright red powdery clumps was excavated from Mawangdui Tomb No.3 of the Han Dynasty. Early studies considered the clumps as evidence of cinnabar's medicinal use during the Qin-Han period. This study employed a range of archaeometric techniques, including extended-depth-of-field stereo imaging, micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry FTIR, to systematically analyze the material composition and structural characteristics of these remains. The results revealed that the cinnabar particles were granular, finely ground, and tightly bound to silk matrix, with no detectable excipients typically associated with medicinal formulations. Micro-CT imaging indicated a well-preserved textile structure, with clear signs of sedimentary accumulation and mechanical damage. Based on historical and archaeological studies, this study suggested that these remains were more likely degraded accumulations of cinnabar-colored silk textiles rather than medicinal cinnabar. By clarifying the diversity of ancient cinnabar applications and preservation states, this study provides new insights for the archaeological identification of mineral medicinal materials and contributes to the standardized study of Chinese medicinal materials and understanding of the historical use of cinnabar.
History, Ancient ; China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; Archaeology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Mercury Compounds

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To analyze the effect of Hsa-circ-0101216 on gemcitabine(GEM)chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer and its mechanism.Methods Differentially expressed circRNAs between GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells and parent cells were screened using the GEO database.Pancreatic cancer GEM resistant cell lines(BxPC-3-GEM and Capan-1-GEM)were constructed by intermittent concentration gradient method.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Hsa-circ-0101216 in cells.GEM resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines were taken and divided into sh-circ-0101216 group(knockdown of circ-0101216),sh-NC group(transfected with sh-NC),and blank control group(untreated).CCK-8 assay and EdU proliferation assay were used to detect the half inhibitory concentration(IC50)of GEM and proliferation ability of cells in each group.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of multidrug resistance-related protein 1(MRP1),breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP),and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1(hENT-1).A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of human pancreatic cancer in nude mice was constructed,and sh-NC+GEM group and sh-circ-0101216+GEM group(n=6)were set up.The volume and weight of xenograft tumor in nude mice were compared between the two groups.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of MRP1,BCRP,and hENT-1 proteins in xenograft tumor tissues,and EDU proliferation assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of tumor cells.Results The GEO database screening showed that Hsa-circ-0101216 was up-regulated in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines.Pancreatic cancer GEM-resistant cell lines were successfully constructed,and the expression levels of Hsa-circ-0101216 and the IC50 value in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3-GEM and Capan-1-GEM were significantly higher than those in parental cells(P<0.05).In sh-circ-0101216 group,the IC50 values of GEM,cell viability,EdU positivity rate,and the expression levels of MRP1 and BCRP proteins in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3-GEM and Capan-1-GEM were significantly lower than those in blank control group and sh-NC group,while the expression level of hENT-1 protein was significantly higher(P<0.05 or P<0.001).In sh-circ-0101216+GEM group,the weight and volume of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice,the expression levels and positive expression rates of MRP1 and BCRP proteins in tumor tissues,and the EdU positive rate were significantly lower than those in sh-NC+GEM group,while the expression level and positive expression rate of hENT-1 protein were significantly higher(P<0.05).Conclusions Hsa-circ-0101216 is highly expressed in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines.Its knockdown can inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and enhance the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GEM.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of transmembrane transporter protein expression.

Background::Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet (CFD) intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients’ recovery.Methods::This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers. A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group ( n = 665) and fasting group ( n = 665). The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP, while the control group abstained from food/water overnight (>6 h) before ERCP. All ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous propofol. The investigators were blinded but not the patients. The primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score, and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic indicators. The outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle. Results::The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h (4.1 ± 2.6 vs. 4.8 ± 2.8, t = 4.23, P <0.001) and 20 h (2.4 ± 2.1 vs. 3.4 ± 2.4, t= 7.94, P <0.001) in the CFD group, with least-squares mean differences of 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.71, P <0.001) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57–0.95, P <0.001), respectively. The 4-h pain scores (2.1 ± 1.7 vs. 2.2 ± 1.7, t = 2.60, P = 0.009, with a least-squares mean difference of 0.21 [95% CI: 0.05–0.37]) and positive urine ketone levels (7.7% [39/509] vs. 15.4% [82/533], χ2 = 15.13, P <0.001) were lower in the CFD group. The CFD group had significantly less cholangitis (2.1% [13/634] vs. 4.0% [26/658], χ2 = 3.99, P = 0.046) but not pancreatitis (5.5% [35/634] vs. 6.5% [43/658], χ2 = 0.59, P = 0.444). Subgroup analysis revealed that CFD reduced the incidence of complications in patients with native papilla (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, P = 0.028) in the multivariable models. Conclusion::Ingesting 400 mL of CFD 2 h before ERCP is safe, with a reduction in post-ERCP fatigue, abdominal pain, and cholangitis during recovery.Trail Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT03075280.

Bile acids not only play an important physiological role in regulating lipid metabolism,but also par-ticipate in the regulation of central nervous system.Numerous studies indicated that abnormal bile acid metabolism is closely related to depression,but the exact mechanism remains unclear.This study summarized the relationship between bile acid metabolism and depression and aimed to provide a new perspective for the study and treatment of depression.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of hyperplasia of mammary gland(HMG)and the potential differential metabolites in rats based on the serum metabolomics assessment by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).METHODS:Twelve specific-pathogen-free(SPF)-grade female Wistar rats were randomly and equally as-signed to the normal and model groups.The model group received intramuscular injections of estradiol benzoate(0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 21 d,followed by intramuscular injections of progesterone(4 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 7 d for preparing the HMG model.The body weight and nipple diameter of the rats were measured,and the histopathological changes in their mamma-ry gland were monitored.After the successful establishment of the model,rat serum was collected for LC-MS metabolomics analysis,the differential metabolites in the serum of the normal and model group rats were analyzed by principal compo-nent analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and the metabolic pathway analysis of dif-ferential markers through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)open database was performed.RE-SULTS:Compared with the normal rats in the control group,no significant change was observed in the body weight(P>0.05),the diameter of the nipple was significantly enlarged(P<0.01),the hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining section of the mammary gland displayed typical HMG morphology,which together indicated that the modeling was successful.The metabolic patterns of the serum samples from both groups were significantly different,and 30 potentially differential metab-olites were identified based on the variable importance in projection(VIP)≥2.0 and P<0.05,mainly including 3-dehydro-cholic acid,alcoholic acid,glycocholate-3-sulfate,glycine-deoxycholan-3-sulfate,glycine-deoxycholan-3-sulfate,3a,7b,and 12a trihydroxycholan-3-sulfate,cholic acid,and glycolic acid.Further receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the 13 metabolites was>0.9,implying the possible high sensitiv-ity for the diagnosis of HMG.According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,most of the differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in aldosterone synthesis and secretion,sphingomyelin metabolism,arachidonic acid metabo-lism,apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism.CONCLUSION:The pathogenesis of estrogen-and progesterone-induced HMG in rats may be related to the altered bile acids,their derivatives metabolism,and the lipid metabolism pathways.The 13 differential metabolites identified by serum metabolomics with high sensitivity may thus provide a reference for the diagnosis of HMG.

Objective:Utilizing a seven-year panel data set of a targeted admission medical student cohort,this study aims to examine their career development and provide insights for retaining healthcare talent in township health centers and village clinics in the central and western rural areas of China.Method:Starting from 2015,cohorts of targeted and general clinical graduates from four medical colleges in central and western China were selected and tracked for their career progression.Results:The targeted graduates'standardized residency training and medical licensing examination pass rates were similar to those of general clinical graduates.They advanced more quickly in professional titles and positions,with 82.5%becoming attending physicians and 16.2%obtaining positions in the seventh year after graduation.However,their monthly income was significantly lower than that of general clinical graduates,and this income discrepancy expanded annually.As of December 2022,among the 493 targeted graduates who completed their contracts,38.5%stayed in grassroots positions.Of those who left,60%moved to county-level or higher public hospitals,7.9%pursued further studies,and 27.7%were unemployed.Conclusion:Targeted graduates are well-trained and advance rapidly in their careers,but their lower income significantly impacts their willingness to remain at the grassroots level.After completing their service period,about one-third of the targeted graduates choose to stay in grassroots positions.

Aim To explore the effects of Lycium berry seed oil on Nrf2/ARE pathway and oxidative damage in testis of subacute aging rats. Methods Fifty out of 60 male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were subcutaneously injected with 125 mg • kg"D-galactosidase in the neck for 8 weeks to establish a subacute senescent rat model. The presence of senescent cells was observed using P-galactosidase ((3-gal), while testicular morphology was examined using HE staining. Serum levels of testosterone (testosterone, T), follicle-stimulating hormone ( follicle stimulating hormone, FSH ) , luteinizing hormone ( luteinizing hormone, LH ) , superoxide dis-mutase ( superoxide dismutase, SOD ) , glutathione ( glutathione, GSH) and malondialdehyde ( malondial-dehyde, MDA) were measured through ELISA, and the expressions of factors related to aging, oxidative damage, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway were assessed via immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting. Results After successfully identifying the model, the morphology of the testis was improved and the intervention of Lycium seed oil led to a down-regulation in the expression of [3-gal and -yH2AX. The serum levels of SOD, GSH, T, and FSH increased while MDA and LH decreased (P 0. 05) . Additionally, there was an up-regulated expression of Nrf2, GCLC, NQOl, and SOD2 proteins in testicular tissue ( P 0. 05 ) and nuclear expression of Nrf2 in sertoli cells. Conclusion Lycium barbarum seed oil may reduce oxidative damage in testes of subacute senescent rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum chitinase-3 like-protein-1(YKL-40), matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), and imaging markers in middle-aged and elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).It also sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying the onset and development of CSVD.Methods:A case-control study was conducted with 130 CSVD patients and 20 age-matched controls admitted to the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between December 2020 and November 2022.Based on their white matter hyperintensity(WMH)and enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS)scores, CSVD patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups.Cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)were classified into non-lacunar, lacunar, non-CMBs, and CMBs groups.Patients' general data were collected, and serum levels of YKL-40 and MMP-9 were measured using ELISA.Results:The results showed 34 cases in the severe WMH group, 35 cases in the EPVS severe group, 90 cases in the group with lacunar and 65 cases in the group with CMBs.Statistically significant differences(both P<0.05)in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 in WMH severe groups compared to age control group.Statistically significant differences(both P<0.05)in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 in EPVS severe groups compared to age control group.The increase of serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels was an independent risk factor for the severity of WMH( OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.164-0.289, P<0.05)( OR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.090-0.160, P<0.05)and EPVS( OR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.021-0.076, P<0.05)( OR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.006-0.026, P<0.05).There was no significant different in the serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels between lacunar group and non-lacunar group( P>0.05).The serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels in the group with CMBs were significantly higher than those in the group without CMBs( P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that the optimal cutoff point of YKL-40 was 0.38, the area under the curve was 0.669(95% CI: 0.569-0.768, P<0.01), the optimal cutoff point of MMP-9 was 0.40, and the area under the curve was 0.746(95% CI: 0.644-0.848, P<0.01). Conclusions:Changes in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels in middle-aged and elderly patients with CSVD were found to be associated with various imaging markers, potentially contributing to the onset and development of CSVD.These findings may aid in early CSVD diagnosis and provide insights for potential interventions.

Objective Insect-specific viruses(ISVs)in Aedes albopictus are closely associated with the transmission and replication of pathogenic infectious agents,such as dengue,chikungunya and Zika virus.In this study,their genome sequence was deciphered to provide a theoretical basis for developing of novel insect-borne virus control strategies.Methods Next-generation sequencing(NGS)technology was used to investigate ISVs in Ae.albopictus field populations collected from three port areas in Jiangxi Province(Nanchang Changbei Airport,Jiujiang Chengxi Port and Ganzhou Port).Results It turned out that the ISV Aedes albopictus anphevirus(AealbAV)was widely detected in the three field Ae.albopictus populations.Sequencing reads were assembled using MEGAHIT software and two strains of AealbAV were obtained that were highly homologous(＞98％)to the virus strain,MW147277.1(identified in the US).The GenBank numbers of the two strains were Jiujiang OR715784 and Ganzhou OR729834.In addition,we sequenced the Nanchang strain,but failed to obtain an assembled full-length genome.Conclusion AealbAV is prevalent in Ae.albopictus populations in Jiangxi,and its genomic research provides a theoretical basis for integrated control of Ae.albopictus using insect-specific viruses in port areas.