ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen species responsible for the wilt disease of Tetradium ruticarpum in Chongqing， investigate there biological characteristics， and screen effective fungicides， so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in production. MethodsThe pathogen was isolated via the tissue culture method. Pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological characterization of the pathogen and fungicide screening. ResultsThe pathogen colonies were nearly circular with irregular edges， white， short， velvety aerial hyphae， and pale purple undersides. Macroconidia were colorless， sickle-shaped， with 3-5 septa， while microconidia were transparent， elliptical， aseptate or with 1-2 septa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen clustered in the same clade as Fusarium fujikuroi with 100% support， which， combined with morphological characteristics， identified the pathogen causing wilt of T. ruticarpum in Chongqing as F. fujikuroi. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi were mung bean agar （MBA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract and yeast powder as nitrogen sources， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and alternating light/dark conditions. The optimal conditions for sporulation were potato dextrose agar （PDA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract as the nitrogen source， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and complete darkness. Among chemical fungicides， phenazine-1-carboxylic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on F. fujikuroi. Shenqinmycin and tetramycin were the most effective bio-fungicides. ConclusionThis study is the first to report F. fujikuroi as the causal agent of wilt disease in T. rutaecarpa. The chemical fungicide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and the bio-fungicides shenqinmycin and tetramycin showed strong inhibitory effects against F. fujikuroi.

Objective: To explore the relationship of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among middle schoold students in Tibet, so as to provide empirical references for improving the cardiorespiratory fitness and health levels of adolescents in Tibet. Methods: From August to December 2020, 1 225 junior and senior high school students were selected from 2 middle schools in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Triaxial accelerometers were used to evaluate PA and SB behaviors, and the 20 meter shuttle run was employed to assess CRF among the middle school students. Isochronous substitution modeling was used to analyze the associations of SB, low intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with CRF, and the saturation threshold effect in the dose response relationship between MVPA and CRF was analyzed through restricted cubic spline and two stage linear regression. Results: After adjusting for covariates such as gender, body mass index and sleep quality score, isotemporal substitution analysis showed that among junior high school students aged 13-15, replacing 30 minutes of SB ( B =1.73) or LPA ( B =2.38) with MVPA were positively associated with CRF (both P <0.05). Among senior high school students aged 16-18, replacing SB ( B =0.99) or LPA ( B =1.38) with MVPA were also positively associated with CRF (both P <0.05). Restricted cubic spline and two piecewise linear regression analyses indicated that only middle school girls aged 13-18 exhibited a saturation threshold effect between MVPA and CRF (logarithmic likelihood ratio test=0.03), with the optimal CRF improvement observed at 60 minutes of MVPA per day ( B=0.13, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Reducing SB and LPA while increasing MVPA can improve CRF in Tibetan middle school students. To maximize CRF improvement, middle school girls should engage in at least 60 minutes of MVPA daily.

Experimental teaching is an important component of the course Medical Immunology,which requires the use of experimental animals and the execution of experimental animals by medical students.By applying the carbon dioxide euthanasia system,it can effectively reduce the pain of experimental animals,ensure their welfare,and meet ethical requirements.It can also improve the efficiency of experimental teaching in Medical Immunology,reduce environmental pollution,and promote medical students to estab-lish scientific values and worldviews that pay attention to experimental animals and respect life,which is conducive to becoming future medical service talents.In the experimental teaching of Medical Immunology,the appropriate application of carbon dioxide euthanasia system combined with effective ideological and political construction of the curriculum can further implement the Party's educational policy of cultivating morality and talents,and lay a good foundation for cultivating medical talents with comprehensive knowledge,high skills and excellent quality.

Patent foramen ovale(PFO)demonstrates significant comorbidity with migraine,but its causal relationship and the efficacy of transcatheter closure remain controversial.This systematic review examines potential biomarkers and relevant imaging assessments for PFO-associated migraine,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Key biomarkers include platelet activation markers,calcitonin gene-related peptide,homocysteine,and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.Imaging evaluations encompass right-to-left shunt grading(transthoracic echocardiography,transcranial Doppler ultrasound),cerebrovascular breath-holding index,characteristics of white matter hyperintensities,alterations in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-f-MRI)brain networks,in-situ thrombi detected by optical coherence tomography,and electroencephalogram(EEG)power spectral features.Research indicates that integrating biomarkers with imaging technologies enhances diagnostic discrimination and treatment outcome prediction.Current challenges include unclear causal relationships and insufficient standardization of detection methods.Future efforts require multidisciplinary collaboration to establish personalized diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks through multimodal indicators,thereby advancing precise prevention and treatment strategies for PFO-related migraine.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Sancai Fengsui Dan combined with behavioral therapy in the treatment of premature ejaculation of yin deficiency with excessive fire type.Methods:This study was a retrospective study,46 patients with premature ejaculation of yin deficiency with excessive fire type who received modified Sancai Fengsui Dan combined with behavioral therapy in Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University from January 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the experimental group.In addition,46 patients with premature ejaculation of yin deficiency with excessive fire type who received dapoxetine hydrochloride combined with behavioral therapy at the same time were selected as the control group by 1∶1 case-control study.The clinical efficacy,intravaginal ejaculation latency time(IELT),TCM syndrome score,satisfaction with the sexual life quality of the spouse and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool(PEDT)were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group after treatment,the TCM syndrome score and PEDT score of the experimental group were lower,and the IELT and satisfaction with the sexual life quality of the spouse were higher(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of the modified Sancai Fengsui Dan combined with behavioral therapy is significant in the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation of yin deficiency with excessive fire type,it can improve clinical symptoms,reduce the severity of premature ejaculation,improving the quality of sexual life.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system.Recently,the role of the orexin system in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has garnered significant attention.Orex-in primarily regulates arousal states and enhances neuronal excit-ability through activation of OX1-R/OX2-R receptors.Studies have shown that elevated orexin levels lower the seizure thresh-old,while orexin receptor antagonists(ORAs)exhibit potential antiepileptic effects.ORAs suppress epileptiform discharges by reducing glutamate release,enhancing GABAergic inhibitory effects,and modulating the thalamocortical circuit.Animal ex-periments and preliminary clinical studies demonstrate that OX1R antagonists decrease excitatory synaptic transmission,whereas OX2 R antagonists primarily strengthen GABA-mediated inhibition.With the widespread application of ORAs in sleep disorders,exploring their clinical value as antiepileptic drugs will become a key focus for future research.This review summa-rizes the role of the orexin system in epileptogenesis and discus-ses the research progress and future directions of ORAs as poten-tial antiepileptic agents.

Objective To investigate the incidence and types of patient-ventilator asynchrony(PVA)in mechanically ventilated patients within the intensive care unit(ICU),and to identify associated high-risk factors,thereby providing a basis for reducing PVA,enhancing mechanical ventilation efficiency,and refining ventilation strategies.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among patients admitted to the general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from October to December 2024 who were receiving mechanical ventilation.Inclusion criteria were as follows:age ≥18 years and mechanical ventilation duration ≥12 hours.Exclusion criteria included complete controlled mechanical ventilation,palliative care or do-not-resuscitate status,and lack of informed consent.Senior respiratory therapists performed daily bedside observations of ventilator waveforms for 10～15 minutes between 08:00 and 12:00.PVA was diagnosed based on pressure-time and flow-time waveforms,with the types of PVA being recorded.Demographic and clinical data,including age,sex,body mass index(BMI),primary diagnosis,comorbidities,APACHEⅡ score at ICU admission,blood gas analysis,ventila-tion mode and parameters,analgesia and sedation status,duration of mechanical ventilation,and length of ICU stay,were collected.The incidence and types of PVA during the observation period were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify high-risk factors for PVA.Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without PVA.Results A total of 105 patients and 453 episodes of assisted mechanical ventilation waveforms were analyzed.Among these,60.95％(64/105)experienced at least one episode of PVA.Of the 453 ventilation waveforms assessed,35.76％(162/453)demonstrated PVA.The types of PVA,ranked by incidence,were as follows:cycling mismatch(12.58％,57/453),double triggering(11.92％,54/453),ineffective triggering(9.49％,43/453),flow starvation(5.30％,24/453),and exhalation flow limitation(1.77％,8/453).The incidence of PVA varied significantly across different ventilation modes:45.7％in volume-assist/control ventilation(V-A/C),38.1％in pressure-assist/control ventilation(P-A/C),42.9％in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV),and 16.7％in pressure support ventilation(PSV)(P<0.001).Multi-variate logistic regression analysis revealed that the mechanical ventilation mode[reference:PSV;V-A/C:OR=4.687,95％CI:2.140～10.263,P<0.001;P-A/C:OR=2.922,95％CI:1.489～5.734,P=0.002;SIMV:OR=4.682,95％CI:1.758～12.466,P=0.002]and actual respiratory rate(OR=1.07,95％CI:1.016～1.127,P=0.011)were significant high-risk factors for PVA.Patients with PVA had a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation[8.21(5.35,13.91)days vs.3.00(1.96,5.71)days,P<0.001]compared to those without PVA.Conclusions PVA is commonly observed in ICU patients receiving assisted invasive mechanical ventilation,with cycling mismatch,double triggering,and ineffective triggering being the most prevalent types.The incidence of PVA tends to be lower when using the PSV mode.Clinically,real-time monitoring of patient-ventilator synchrony via ventilator waveforms,along with the optimization of ventilator modes and parameters,should be employed to minimize the occurrence of PVA and enhance the efficiency of mechanical ventilation.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate the incidence and types of patient-ventilator asynchrony(PVA)in mechanically ventilated patients within the intensive care unit(ICU),and to identify associated high-risk factors,thereby providing a basis for reducing PVA,enhancing mechanical ventilation efficiency,and refining ventilation strategies.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted among patients admitted to the general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from October to December 2024 who were receiving mechanical ventilation.Inclusion criteria were as follows:age ≥18 years and mechanical ventilation duration ≥12 hours.Exclusion criteria included complete controlled mechanical ventilation,palliative care or do-not-resuscitate status,and lack of informed consent.Senior respiratory therapists performed daily bedside observations of ventilator waveforms for 10～15 minutes between 08:00 and 12:00.PVA was diagnosed based on pressure-time and flow-time waveforms,with the types of PVA being recorded.Demographic and clinical data,including age,sex,body mass index(BMI),primary diagnosis,comorbidities,APACHEⅡ score at ICU admission,blood gas analysis,ventila-tion mode and parameters,analgesia and sedation status,duration of mechanical ventilation,and length of ICU stay,were collected.The incidence and types of PVA during the observation period were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify high-risk factors for PVA.Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without PVA.Results A total of 105 patients and 453 episodes of assisted mechanical ventilation waveforms were analyzed.Among these,60.95％(64/105)experienced at least one episode of PVA.Of the 453 ventilation waveforms assessed,35.76％(162/453)demonstrated PVA.The types of PVA,ranked by incidence,were as follows:cycling mismatch(12.58％,57/453),double triggering(11.92％,54/453),ineffective triggering(9.49％,43/453),flow starvation(5.30％,24/453),and exhalation flow limitation(1.77％,8/453).The incidence of PVA varied significantly across different ventilation modes:45.7％in volume-assist/control ventilation(V-A/C),38.1％in pressure-assist/control ventilation(P-A/C),42.9％in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV),and 16.7％in pressure support ventilation(PSV)(P<0.001).Multi-variate logistic regression analysis revealed that the mechanical ventilation mode[reference:PSV;V-A/C:OR=4.687,95％CI:2.140～10.263,P<0.001;P-A/C:OR=2.922,95％CI:1.489～5.734,P=0.002;SIMV:OR=4.682,95％CI:1.758～12.466,P=0.002]and actual respiratory rate(OR=1.07,95％CI:1.016～1.127,P=0.011)were significant high-risk factors for PVA.Patients with PVA had a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation[8.21(5.35,13.91)days vs.3.00(1.96,5.71)days,P<0.001]compared to those without PVA.Conclusions PVA is commonly observed in ICU patients receiving assisted invasive mechanical ventilation,with cycling mismatch,double triggering,and ineffective triggering being the most prevalent types.The incidence of PVA tends to be lower when using the PSV mode.Clinically,real-time monitoring of patient-ventilator synchrony via ventilator waveforms,along with the optimization of ventilator modes and parameters,should be employed to minimize the occurrence of PVA and enhance the efficiency of mechanical ventilation.

AIM To investigate the effects of Jisuishang Formula on neurological function and ferroptosis in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM).METHODS The CSM rat models were established and randomly assigned to the model group,the Fer-1 group(2 g/kg Ferrostatin-1 via intraperitoneal injection),the low-dose(9.7 g/kg,intragastrically),medium-dose(19.4 g/kg,intragastrically)and high-dose(38.8 g/kg,intragastrically)Jisuishang Formula groups,and the sham operation group,with 6 rats in each group.Following 4 weeks of treatment administration,BBB locomotor scores and oblique plate test result were recorded to assess their neurological function in rats.Histopathological evaluation utilized HE staining for spinal cord tissue pathology,Nissl staining for Nissl body visualization,and Prussian blue staining for iron ion deposition analysis.Protein expressions of Nrf2,SLC7A11,GPX4,HO-1,TFRC and Cox2 in spinal cord tissues was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot,while mRNA expressions were quantified using RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared to the sham group,the CSM model group exhibited significantly reduced BBB locomotor scores and inclined plane test performance at 1,2 and 4 weeks post-operation(P＜0.05);obvious tissue cavitation,cellular edema and Prussian blue positive iron deposition in spinal cord tissues;downregulated protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2,SLC7A11,GPX4,HO-1(P＜0.05);and upregulated protein and mRNA expressions of TFRC and Cox2(P＜0.05).Compared to the model group,the Jisuishang Formula and Fer-1 intervention groups showed significantly improved BBB scores and inclined plane test result at 1,2 and 4 weeks post-operation(P＜0.05);reduced tissue cavitation,attenuated cellular edema and decreased Prussian blue positive iron deposition in spinal cord tissues;upregulated protein and mRNA expression of Nrf2,SLC7A11,GPX4 and HO-1 in spinal cord tissues(P＜0.05);and downregulated protein and mRNA expressions of TFRC and Cox2(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Targeting the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway,Jisuishang Formula potentially suppresses ferroptosis and alleviates iron accumulation in spinal cord neurons,thereby improving neurological recovery in CSM rats.