This article systematically elucidates the current development status and future trends of robot-assisted surgery worldwide. Currently, robotic surgery led by the Da Vinci Surgical System has been widely adopted across multiple disciplines, including thoracic surgery, urology, and gynecology, demonstrating advantages such as precision, stability, and minimal invasiveness. Significant regional disparities exist in the global distribution of robotic surgery, reflecting inequalities in healthcare resources and economic development worldwide. China is rapidly emerging in the field of robotic surgery, undergoing a strategic transition from technology adoption to independent innovation: domestically developed systems (e.g., Toumai, Surgibot) have demonstrated safety and efficacy in multidisciplinary clinical practice; leveraging the advantages of 5G technology, remote robotic surgery has progressed from proof-of-concept to clinical reality, offering innovative solutions for equitable healthcare resource allocation; meanwhile, a quality control system spanning from national strategic planning to clinical operational standards is under development. Confronted with core challenges such as high costs, technical barriers (e.g., lack of force feedback), steep learning curves, lagging regulatory and ethical frameworks, and uneven regional development, future robotic surgery will deeply integrate artificial intelligence, evolving toward single-port/flexible miniaturization, normalization of remote surgery, and personalized precision treatment. Ultimately, it will drive the transformation of surgical medicine toward a new paradigm characterized by greater precision, intelligence, and accessibility, and is expected to play a strategic role in public health emergencies and disaster relief operations.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) activity of luteolin and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsLuteolin was identified as the primary active compound from the polyphenol extract ofF. diotrys using network pharmacology. Its efficacy was evaluated against two MP strains: the standard strain M129 and the multidrug-resistant strain M19. A modified culture medium with visual characteristics was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin. The expression of key proteins involved in MP growth and pathogenicity was assessed by qRT-PCR following luteolin treatment. Additionally, the viability of A549 cells infected with MP was compared between luteolin-treated and untreated groups. In vivo anti-MP activity was evaluated using a mouse model, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was analyzed. ResultsLuteolin effectively inhibited both MP strains, with MIC₉₀ values of 100 mg/L for M19 and M129. Treatment with luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of adhesion proteins P1 and P30 in both strains. However, the expression of P65, HMW3, TrmB, and CARDS TX was reduced only in the M19 strain following luteolin intervention. Luteolin also enhanced the growth and viability of A549 cells infected with MP. In the mouse model, luteolin treatment resulted in steady weight gain and was well tolerated. The bacteriostatic rate of luteolin in lung tissues was 50.7%, significantly higher than the 25.2% observed in the roxithromycin group. Furthermore, luteolin reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1, in MP-infected mice. ConclusionLuteolin effectively and safely inhibits the proliferation and pathogenicity of MP, particularly the drug-resistant M19 strain, by downregulating the expression of toxicity-associated proteins (P1, P30, P65, HMW3, TrmB, CARDS TX) and modulating host inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating MP infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant strains.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) activity of luteolin and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsLuteolin was identified as the primary active compound from the polyphenol extract ofF. diotrys using network pharmacology. Its efficacy was evaluated against two MP strains: the standard strain M129 and the multidrug-resistant strain M19. A modified culture medium with visual characteristics was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin. The expression of key proteins involved in MP growth and pathogenicity was assessed by qRT-PCR following luteolin treatment. Additionally, the viability of A549 cells infected with MP was compared between luteolin-treated and untreated groups. In vivo anti-MP activity was evaluated using a mouse model, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was analyzed. ResultsLuteolin effectively inhibited both MP strains, with MIC₉₀ values of 100 mg/L for M19 and M129. Treatment with luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of adhesion proteins P1 and P30 in both strains. However, the expression of P65, HMW3, TrmB, and CARDS TX was reduced only in the M19 strain following luteolin intervention. Luteolin also enhanced the growth and viability of A549 cells infected with MP. In the mouse model, luteolin treatment resulted in steady weight gain and was well tolerated. The bacteriostatic rate of luteolin in lung tissues was 50.7%, significantly higher than the 25.2% observed in the roxithromycin group. Furthermore, luteolin reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1, in MP-infected mice. ConclusionLuteolin effectively and safely inhibits the proliferation and pathogenicity of MP, particularly the drug-resistant M19 strain, by downregulating the expression of toxicity-associated proteins (P1, P30, P65, HMW3, TrmB, CARDS TX) and modulating host inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating MP infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant strains.

The theory of " Sui Qi Suo De" originates from Zhang Zhongjing's Jin Gui Yao Lue and has been further developed by later generations of practitioners, offering significant guidance for clinical practice. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are common malignant disorders of the hematopoietic system, characterized by high heterogeneity and progressive mutational changes. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), MDS falls under the category of "marrow toxin exhaustion". This article applies the theory of " Sui Qi Suo De" in TCM to analyze the pathophysiological changes during different stages of MDS. Specifically, it explores the precursor stage (focusing on health maintenance and prevention before illness, addressing the " Suo De" of "gradual decline of vital qi"), the low-risk stage (strengthening the spleen and kidneys, clearing toxic pathogens, addressing the " Suo De" of "weakened vital qi invaded by pathogens"), and the medium-to-high-risk stage (detoxifying and reinforcing the body, harmonizing physical and mental health, addressing the " Suo De" of "dominant pathogens and declining vital qi"). The goal is to provide new directions and theoretical insights for the TCM treatment of MDS.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and differences of congenital endowment in senile dementia population based on the theory of five circuits and six qi.Methods Based on the cross-sectional data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS)in 2018,the dementia status of the population aged 60 and above in China was evaluated by using the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),and the five-circuit and six-qi features at birth in the senile dementia population were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square goodness-of-fit test.Results A total of 854 patients with senile dementia were included.The five-circuit and six-qi features at birth in the senile dementia population were as follows:most of them were born at the heavenly stem of Bing while the least at the heavenly stem of Ji and Geng(P＜0.001),most of them were born at the earthly branch of Wei while the least at the earthly branch of Zi(P＜0.001),most of them were born at the yearly circuit of excessive water circuit while the least at the yearly circuit of excessive gold circuit and deficient earth circuit(P＜0.001),and most of the patients were born at sitan of taiyin damp-earth and zaiquan of taiyang cold-water while the least at sitan of jueyin wind-wood and zaiquan of shaoyang ministerial fire;no statistically significant differences were found in the dominant qi and guest qi(P＞0.05);most of the patients were born in the year of combination of circuit and qi being Shunhua while the least in the year of combination of circuit and qi being same celestial correspondence(P＜0.001),and the patients born in the year of Shunhua usually were frequently distributed in heavenly-stem and earthly-branch year of Jiawu(P＜0.001).Conclusion There is a certain relationship between the congenital endowment at birth and the incidence of senile dementia in the population of senile dementia.The circuit-qi features at birth for the prevalence of senile dementia are the yearly circuit of excessive water circuit,sitan of taiyin damp-earth and zaiquan of taiyang cold-water,and the year of the combination of circuit and qi being Shunhua.The population born at the time with the above circuit-qi features are prone to suffer the injury of the kidneys,the heart,and the spleen,and then result into illness.

Objective : To observe the brain tissue injury during hypoxia-ischemia, as well as the pathological changes and the expression of ferroptosis-related factors after the use of Shenfu injection(SFI), and to explore the protective effect of SFI on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury(HIBD) by inhibiting ferroptosis. Methods : An animal model of HIBD in SD rats was constructed and intervened with SFI. Pathologic changes in brain tissue were observed by HE staining methods. Nissen staining was used to observe neuron survival. Glutathione Peroxidase 4(GPX4) and Divalent Metal Transporter 1(DMT1) expression were detected in brain tissue by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Reduced Glutathione(GSH), Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and tissue iron content were determined with the kits. BV-2 microglial cell line(BV2) cells were culturedin vitroand divided into control group(Ctrl group), oxygen-glucose deprivation group(OGD group), iron ferroptosis-inducing group(Erastin group), iron ferroptosis-inhibiting group(Fer-1 group), Shenfu injection group(SFI group), and Erastin+Shenfu injection group(Erastin+SFI group). 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA) reactive oxygen species(ROS) fluorescent probe was used to detect the ROS release level; Immunofluorescence was used to observe intracellular GPX4, DMT1 expression. Results : Compared with the Sham group, rats in the HIBD group showed significant neuronal cell damage in brain tissue, decreased GPX4 expression(P<0.01), increased DMT1 expression(P<0.01), decreased GSH and SOD levels(P<0.01), and increased LDH, MDA and tissue iron levels(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01). In contrast, after the intervention of SFI, GPX4 expression was elevated(P<0.01), DMT1 expression decreased(P<0.01), GSH and SOD levels were elevated(P<0.01), and LDH, MDA, and tissue iron levels decreased(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01). The cells experiments showed that compared with the Ctrl group, the OGD group had a significantly higher ROS content and a decrease in the expression of GPX4 fluorescence intensity, and an increase in the fluorescence intensity of DMT1(P<0.01), compared with the OGD group, the ROS content was reduced in the SFI group, while the expression of GPX4 was elevated and the expression of DMT1 was reduced(P<0.01). Conclusion Hippocampal and cortical regions are severely damaged after HIBD in neonatal rats, and their brain tissues show decreased expression of GPX4 and increased expression of DMT1. The above suggests that ferroptosis is involved in HIBD brain injury in neonatal rats. In contrast, Shenfu injection has a protective effect on HIBD experimental animal model and BV2 cell injury model by reducing iron aggregation and ROS production.

Aromatic immunity in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the medical knowledge accumulated in the process of people's struggling with diseases. It plays an important role in plague prevention, disease treatment, health preservation, and rehabilitation, and has profound TCM basic theoretical support and abundant modern scientific evidence. With the in-depth promotion of the Healthy China initiative and the succession of health needs in the post-COVID-19 era, how to practice the health concept of aromatic immunity in TCM and develop its health service resources with high quality has become an important proposition to be discussed urgently. This paper summarizes the cognitive process, puts forward the basic concept, discusses the scientific connotation and clinical application value, and looks forward to the future development trend of aromatic immunity in TCM, aiming to provide guidance for the development of great health products and promote the application of aromatic immunity in TCM in serving people's health.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Humans ; COVID-19/immunology* ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; SARS-CoV-2

To explore the variation laws of volatile oil during the extraction process of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its impact on the quality of the medicinal solution, as well as to achieve precise control of the extraction process, this study employed headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) in combination with multiple light scattering techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis, identification, and characterization of the changes in volatile components and the physical properties of the medicinal solution during the extraction process. A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified using the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique, including 21 alcohols, 15 alkenes, 14 ketones, 9 acids, 6 aldehydes, 5 phenols, 3 esters, and 9 other types of compounds. At different extraction time points(15, 30, 45, and 60 min), 71, 72, 64, and 44 compounds were identified in the medicinal solution, respectively. It was observed that the content of volatile components gradually decreased with the extension of extraction time. Through multivariate statistical analysis, four compounds with significant differences during different extraction time intervals were identified, namely 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, 3-octanone, and camphor. RESULTS:: from multiple light scattering techniques indicated that at 15 minutes of extraction, the transmittance of the medicinal solution was the lowest(25%), the particle size was the largest(0.325-0.350 nm), and the stability index(turbiscan stability index, TSI) was the highest(0-2.5). With the extension of extraction time, the light transmittance of the medicinal solution improved, stability was enhanced, and the particle size decreased. These laws of physicochemical property changes provide important basis for the control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction process. In addition, the changes in the bioactivity of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts during the extraction process were investigated through mouse writhing tests and antimicrobial assays. The results indicated that the analgesic and antimicrobial effects of the medicinal solution were strongest at the 15-minute extracting point. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate that the content of volatile oil in Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts gradually decreases with the extension of extraction time, and the variation in volatile oil content directly influences the physicochemical properties and pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal solution. This discovery provides important scientific reference for the optimization of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction processes and the development and application of process analytical technologies.
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology* ; Artemisia/chemistry* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology* ; Solid Phase Microextraction ; Quality Control

Acute lung injury(ALI) is a critical clinical condition primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, which can progress into a more severe form known as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of the disease. Due to its unclear pathogenesis and the lack of effective clinical treatments, ALI is associated with a high mortality rate and severely affects patients' quality of life, making the search for effective therapeutic agents particularly urgent. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the dried root of the perennial herb Panax ginseng from the Araliaceae family, contains active ingredients such as saponins and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor activity, immune regulation, and metabolic modulation. In recent years, studies have shown that ginsenosides exhibit notable effects in reducing inflammation, ameliorating epithelial and endothelial cell injury, and providing anticoagulant action, indicating their comprehensive role in alleviating lung injury. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ALI and the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides act at different stages of ALI development. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for the development of ginsenoside-based drugs targeting ALI, as well as a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of ALI.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Acute Lung Injury/immunology* ; Animals ; Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective: To investigate the genetic basis of RhD-negative phenotype in the blood donor population of Nantong City. Methods: RHD genotyping was performed on 386 randomly selected RhD-negative donor samples (from a total of 676 RhD-negative donors identified between January 20, 2023, and June 28, 2024) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the inconclusive results were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Ten RHD allele types were identified: The complete deletion variant RHD 01N.01 was predominant (64.25%, 248/386); followed by RHD 01EL.01 (19.69%, 76/386). RHD 01N.03, RHD 01N.04, RHD 01N.16 and RHD 01EL.32 were frequently observed., RHD 01EL.02, RHD 01EL.08, RHD 01EL.37 and RHD 01N.25 were rare, and two exon deletion variants remained uncharacterized. The phenotypic distribution of RhD-negative blood donors was ccee (55.44%)>Ccee(31.09%)>ccEe(5.96%)>CCee(5.44%)>CcEe(1.81%)>CcEE(0.26%), and the antigen distribution trend was e(99.74%)>c(94.56%)>C(38.60%)>E(8.03%). A correlation was observed between RHD genotypes and RhCE phenotypes. Conclusion: The Nantong blood donor population exhibits unique RHD gene polymorphisms. Integrating RhCE serological phenotyping with RHD genotyping is essential for ensuring transfusion safety.