Licorice has long been regarded as one of the most popular herbs, with a very wide clinical application range. Whether being used alone or as an ingredient in prescription, it has an important role which cannot be ignored. However, the efficacy and chemical constituents of licorice will change after honey-processing. Therefore, it is necessary to find quality markers before and after honey-processing to lay the foundation for a comprehensive evaluation of the differences between raw and processed licorice pieces. HPLC-DAD was employed to establish fingerprints of raw and processed licorice. Multivariate statistical analysis methods including principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA) were applied to screen out the differential components before and after processing of licorice. Based on network pharmacology, the targets and pathways corresponding to the differential components were analyzed with databases such as Swiss Target Prediction and Metascape, and the "component-target-pathway" diagram was constructed with Cytoscape 3.6.0 software to predict the potential quality markers. A total of 17 common peaks were successfully identified in the established fingerprint, and seven differential components were selected as potential quality markers(licoricesaponin G2, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin apioside and isoliquiritigenin). The HPLC fingerprint method proposed in this study was efficient and feasible. The above seven differential chemical components screened out as potential quality markers of licorice can help to improve and promote the overall quality. These researches offer more sufficient theoretical basis for scientific application of licorice and its corresponding products.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Glycyrrhiza ; Glycyrrhizic Acid/analysis* ; Honey/analysis*

Objective To analyze the status of quality indicators(QI) on specimen acceptability and establish preliminary qual ity specification.Methods Web based External Quality Assessment system was used to collect data of laboratories partici pated in "Medical quality control indicators in clinical laboratory" from 2015 to 2017,including once in 2015 and 2017 and twice in 2016.Rate and sigma scales were used to evaluate incorrect sample type,incorrect sample container,incorrect fill level and anticoagulant sample clotted.The 25th percentile (P25) and 75th percentile (P75) of the distribution of each QI were employed to establish the high,medium and low specification.Results 5 346,7 593,5 950 and 6 874 laboratories sub mitted the survey results respectively.The P50 of biochemistry (except incorrect fill level),immunology and microbiology reach to 6σ.The P50 of clinical laboratory is 4 to 6σ except for incorrect sample container.There is no significant change of the continuous survey results.Based on results in 2017 to establish the quality specification,the P25 and P75 of the four QIs is 0 and 0.084 4 ％,0 and 0.047 6 ％,0 and 0.114 2 ％,0 and 0.078 4 ％,respectively.Conclusion According to the results of the survey,most laboratories had a faire performance in biochemistry,immunology and microbiology,and clinical laboratory needs to be strengthened.Laboratories should strengthen the laboratory information system construction to ensure the actual and reliable data collection,and make a long time monitoring to achieve a better quality.

Objective To evaluate the in vivo antibacterial effect of cefathiamidinein against mouse septicemia.Methods Experimental model of mouse septicemia was established by intraperitoneally injection with 0.5 mL minimum lethal dose (MLD) bacteria.The 0.2 mL different concentrations of drugs were injected through caudal vein.Cefathiamidine,cefazolin and ampicillin adopted two methods of dose regimen,which are single-dose and two-dose;while,both ceftriaxone and levofloxacin adopted single-dose.The survival time of the infected mouse was monitored for 1-7 d.The 50％,95％ effective doses(ED50,ED95) were determined by the Bi-level integrated system synthesis (BLISS) method.The antibacterial activities between cefiazine and control drugs were compared.In vivo protection experiments were carned out on 3 standard strains and 7 pathogenic strains isolated through single dose.Results The cefathiamidine had good antibacterial activity in vivo against Streptococcus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis.The ED50 of single-dose was between 1.43-1.71 mg · kg-1,which was significantly superior to cefazolin and was similar to levofloxacin.According to the results of two -dose regimen,the ED50 values of cefathiamidine against Sreptococcus pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenza significantly declined,which were between 0.78-14.78 mg · kg-1.However,with regard to Enterococcus faecalis,the ED50 value of two-dose increased compared to that of single-dose,which could be related to the fact that low plasma concentration affected protective effects in vivo.Conclusion Cefathiamidine had a better antibacteria effect in vivo against gram-positive bacteria,especially Streptococcus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis.Through the comparison between single-dose and two-dose,it is more reasonable to adopt two-dose or multiple-dose of cefathiamidine with regard to most strains.

Intestine,the body's largest digestive and immune organ,always affects the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease process.Especially the trimethylamine N-oxide as one of the metabolic derivatives produced by intestinal microbiota,can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and promote cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure.Therefore,changing the level of trimethylamine N-oxide in the circulation by taking different measures to intervene the structure,composition and metabolic activity of intestinal flora can affect the occurrence and development of the disease.Thus,the intestinal flora is recognized as a new target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To compare the surgical procedures and postoperative effects of PFNA and DHS in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.Methods:The clinical data of 30 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated in our department from March 2013 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.15 cases were treated with PFNA internal fixation and 15 cases with DHS internal fixation.The average length of operation,the amount of bleeding during operation,the time of hospitalization and the difference of postoperative functional recovery were compared between the two surgical procedures.Results:The intraoperative bleeding of the DHS group was more than that of the PFNA group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in length of operation,time of hospitalization or postoperative hip function between the two groups.Conclusions:DHS is similar in clinical efficacy to PFNA in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients,especially for intertrochanteric fractures with simple fracture types and intact lateral wall of the femur.DHS has the advantages of anatomical reduction and simple operation,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To establish a HPLC to analyze the content of quercetin and kaempfer in the Camptotheca acuminata Decne leaves.Methods The sample of Camptotheca acuminata Dene leaves were obtained by 5％ hydrochloric acid-methanol The content of quercetin and kaempferol was measured by HPLC with chromatographic column:Hubble C18 (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:CH3 OH-0.2％ H3PO4(30:70),flow rate:1 mL·min-1,column temperature:30 ℃,detection wavelength:370 nm.The specificity,standard curve and limit of quantification (LOQ),precision and recovery,stability and repeatability were measured.Results The quercetin and kaempferol existed a good linear relation at 5.53-69.08 μg · mL-1 and 3.99-49.90 μg · mL-1,respectively.The LOQ of quercetin and kaempferol was 4.23 and 7.81 ng,respectively.And the average spotting recovery rate of quercetin and kaempferol was 98.94％ and 98.29％,respectively.The RSD values of inter-day and intra-day assays were lower than 0.89％ and 1.04％ for quercetin and kaempferol,respectively.Conclusion This method is an accurate,reliable and convenient method,which is suitable for the quality control of the leaves of Camptotheca acuminata Decne.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of extraorbital inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the head and neck.Methods Fourteen cases of extraorbital IMT treated in recent 20 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 14 patients,9 cases with limited lesion in maxilla (n =5),mandible (n =2) or neck (n =2) underwent local resection,and no recurrences were found after 1.5 to 20.0 years; 3 cases diagnosed as maxillary IMT involved in orbit,hard palate or pterygopalatine fossa received conservative therapy (prednisone,prednisone plus radiotherapy or prednisone plus chemotherapy),and no disease progression was found after 6,9 or 2 years respectively; and 1 case diagnosed as maxillary IMT involved in orbit and pterygopalatine fossa was confirmed with cervical metastases after two operations and died of brain invasion within 17 months.One patient with localized lesion around the common carotid artery was treated with prednisone and had no disease progression with a 2-year follow-up.Conelusions Extraorbital IMT of the head and neck is a rare clinical entity.Pathology examination is required for final diagnosis.Corticosteroid administration may be a choice of treatments,and radical resection should be taken selectively for limited lesions.

Objective To investigate the involvement of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in PM2.5 induced toxic responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods The experiment groups are as follows:(1) control group; (2) PM2.5 groups:the cells were cultured with various concentrations of PM2.5 (200,400,800 μg/ml) for 24 h and 400 μg/ml was chosen for the main study; (3) PM2.5 + Trion group:the cells were pre-treated by 10 μmol/L Trion [a scavenger of reactive oxygen species(ROS)] for 1 h before PM2.5 (400 μg/ml) treatment for 24 h; (4) PM2.5 +ZnPP group:the cells were pretreated by HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP (10 μmol/L) for 1 h before treatment with PM2.5 (400 μg/ml) for 24 h.MTT assay was used to detect cell viability.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence assay were used to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HO-1.Fluorescence labeling probe method was used to measure intracellular ROS level and flow cytometry was used for cell apoptosis.Colorimetric assay was used to detect intracellular caspase-3 activity.Results Compared with control,PM2.5 significantly decreased cell viability,increased intracellular ROS,cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity (all P ＜ 0.05),these effects were significantly attenuated in PM2.5 + Tiron group while enhanced in PM2.5 + ZnPP group (all P ＜ 0.05 vs.PM2.5 group).PM2.5 upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions in HUVECs which was downregulated in both PM2.5 + Tiron group and PM2.5 + ZnPP group.Conclusion PM2.5 could induce oxidative injury through increasing ROS production via modulating HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions,the injury could be aggravated with inhibition of the activity of HO-1 suggesting a potential protective role of HO-1 against PM2.5 induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.

BackgroundProliferative vitreo-retinal disease (PVD)is one group of ocular complications marked by the enhanced proliferation of various cells included retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) are implicated in the aberrant cell proliferation and pathological neovascularization that characterizes PVD,but the signaling mechanism is unclear now. Objective This study was to explore the effect of IGF-1 on VEGF in cultured human RPE cells under the small hairpin loop RNA (shRNA) keeping hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α ( HIF-1 α) silencing. Methods Human retinas were isolated from 4 healthy male donors,and the RPE cells were harvested and cultured.The ceils were identified using anti-human keratin antibody.The third to fifth generation of human RPE cells were used in the experiment.One target site of HIF-1α mRNA was chosen by certain design principle,and shRNA was designed and synthesized by the target site and transferred into the cells in vitro,and then the cells were cultivated with 50 μg/L IGF-1 for 24 hours.The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results Cultured human RPE cells showed the flat irregularly multangular shape,and 97％cells appeared the positive response for keratin.HIF-1α mRNA expression in human RPE cells was significantly lower in 50 μg/L IGF-1 group than the 0 pg/L IGF-1 group ( 1.49±0.18 vs 1.46±0.17 ) ( t =0.335,P =0.743 ),however,the expressing levels of HIF-1α protein( 1049.86±172.54 vs 0.00±0.00) and VEGF mRNA(0.95±0.15 vs 0.35±0.07) and VEGF protein (391.98±56.77 vs 214.36±37.15)were raised in the 50 μg/L IGF-I group compared with 0 μg/L IGF-1 group (t=16.098,9.935,6.928,P＜0.05).After the HIF-1α-specific shRNA was transferred into cultured RPE cells,the expressions of both HIF-1α mRNA and its protein significantly decreased in RPE cells under 50 μg/L IGF-1 concentration condition( F=68.679,89.904,P=0.000),moreover,the expression of VEGF mRNA and its protein were significantly lowed(F=21.770,6.205,P＜0.05). ConclusionsIGF-1 promotes the accumulation of HIF-1α protein and induce the expression of VEGF in human RPE cells,which probably play a pivotal role in the development of PVD.