Objective: To investigate the characteristics and trend of stroke incidence in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for formulating prevention and control strategies of stroke. Methods: Data of stroke case in Yixing City from 2016 to 2023 were collected from the National Health Information Platform of Yixing City, including sex, age, time of onset, and diagnostic subtypes. Crude incidence was standardized using the data from the 2010 Chinese National Population Census to analyze the characteristics of stroke incidence. The incidence trend of stroke was analyzed by average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 54 157 stroke cases were reported in Yixing City from 2016 to 2023, with a crude incidence of 629.52/100 000 and a standardized incidence of 299.50/100 000, showing an upward trend (AAPC=9.744% and 5.955%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence of stroke in males were significantly higher than those in females (695.30/100 000 vs. 565.79/100 000, 328.73/100 000 vs. 270.71/100 000, both P<0.05). Stroke incidence exhibited an age-dependent increase (P<0.05), peaking in the ≥60 years age group (1 820.43/100 000). The crude and standardized incidence of ischemic stroke (555.46/100 000 and 262.26/100 000) were significantly higher than those of hemorrhagic stroke (52.80/100 000 and 28.03/100 000, both P<0.05). From 2016 to 2023, the standardized incidences of stroke in males, females, the 0-<40 years age group, the 40-<60 years age group, the ≥60 years age group, and ischemic stroke all showed an upward trend (AAPC=6.692%, 4.925%, 5.607%, 5.777%, 5.698%, and 8.481%, respectively, all P<0.05). No significant temporal trend was observed for hemorrhagic stroke incidence (P>0.05). Conclusions The incidence of stroke among residents in Yixing City showed an upward trend from 2016 to 2023, with males and elderly individuals being high-risk populations. Ischemic stroke emerged as the predominant subtype, while a concerning trend of increasing stroke incidence among younger adults was observed.

Cancer represents a major worldwide disease burden marked by escalating incidence and mortality. While therapeutic advances persist, developing safer and precisely targeted modalities remains imperative. Nanomedicines emerges as a transformative paradigm leveraging distinctive physicochemical properties to achieve tumor-specific drug delivery, controlled release, and tumor microenvironment modulation. By synergizing passive enhanced permeation and retention effect-driven accumulation and active ligand-mediated targeting, nanoplatforms enhance pharmacokinetics, promote tumor microenvironment enrichment, and improve cellular internalization while mitigating systemic toxicity. Despite revolutionizing cancer therapy through enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced adverse effects, translational challenges persist in manufacturing scalability, longterm biosafety, and cost-efficiency. This review systematically analyzes cutting-edge nanoplatforms, including polymeric, lipidic, biomimetic, albumin-based, peptide engineered, DNA origami, and inorganic nanocarriers, while evaluating their strategic advantages and technical limitations across three therapeutic domains: immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. By assessing structure-function correlations and clinical translation barriers, this work establishes mechanistic and translational references to advance oncological nanomedicine development.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Animals ; Nanomedicine/methods* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Radiotherapy/methods*

As a common neurological disease in China, stroke has an extremely high rate of death and disability, of which 80% is ischemic stroke (IS), causing a serious burden to individuals and society. Neuronal death is an important factor in the pathogenesis of stroke. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics, as a key mechanism regulating intracellular energy metabolism and cell death, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IS. In recent years, targeting mitochondrial dynamics has become an emerging therapeutic tool to improve neurological impairment after stroke. This paper reviews the research advance in recent years in IS mitochondrial dynamics, summarizing and discussing the overview of mitochondrial dynamics, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in IS, and the studies on mitochondrial dynamics-based treatment of IS. This paper helps to explore the mechanism of the role of mitochondrial dynamics in IS and effective interventions, and provides a theoretical strategy for targeting mitochondrial dynamics to treat IS in the clinic.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Dynamics/physiology* ; Ischemic Stroke/metabolism* ; Mitochondria/physiology* ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia/physiopathology* ; Energy Metabolism

OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of family socioeconomic status on children's reading fluency and the chain mediation effect of family reading environment and children's living and learning styles in this relationship. METHODS: A total of 473 children from grades 2 to 6 in two primary schools in Nanjing were selected through stratified random sampling. The children's reading fluency was assessed, and a questionnaire was used to collect information on family socioeconomic status, family reading environment, and children's living and learning styles. The mediation model was established using the Process macro in SPSS, and the Bootstrap method was employed to test the significance of the mediation effects. RESULTS: Family socioeconomic status, family reading environment, and children's living and learning styles were significantly positively correlated with reading fluency (P<0.001). The family reading environment and children's living and learning styles mediated the relationship between family socioeconomic status and children's reading fluency. Specifically, the independent mediation effect of family reading environment accounted for 11.02% of the total effect, while the independent mediation effect of children's living and learning styles accounted for 10.79%. The chain mediation effect of family reading environment and children's living and learning styles accounted for 7.41% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Family socioeconomic status can affect children's reading fluency through three pathways: family reading environment, children's living and learning styles, and the chain mediation effect of family reading environment and children's living and learning styles.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Reading ; Learning ; Social Class ; Family

Case 1 was a 7-year-old girl; Case 2 was her 3-year-old younger brother. Both children developed pink urine shortly after birth and exhibited blistering on photo-exposed areas (face and hands), followed by ulceration, crusting, scarring, and joint contractures leading to impaired mobility. Genetic testing in both patients identified a homozygous variant in the UROS gene, c.776T>C (p.Leu259Pro), confirming autosomal recessive congenital erythropoietic porphyria due to UROS mutations. This case report highlights that congenital erythropoietic porphyria should be considered in infants and young children with unexplained hemolytic anemia, pink urine, and severe photosensitive dermatitis. Early genetic testing is recommended to facilitate timely intervention and improve outcomes.
Humans ; Porphyria, Erythropoietic/genetics* ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Siblings ; Mutation ; Uroporphyrinogen III Synthetase/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with venetoclax combined with azacitidine (Ven/Aza) or standard "3+7" regimen and similar regimens, collect real-world study data, compare the treatment response and adverse events between the two regimens, as well as perform survival analysis. METHODS: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy, survival, and adverse reactions of newly diagnosed AML patients treated with Ven/Aza (24 cases) and "3+7" regimens (117 cases ) in our hospital from September 2009 to March 2023, as well as factors influencing outcomes. A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) to obtain a 1:1 matched cohort of 20 pairs, and the efficacy and survival before and after the matching were compared. RESULTS: The median age of patients in the Ven/Aza group was 69 years, while that in the "3+7" group was 56 years (P <0.001). Objective remission rate (ORR) was 62.5% in Ven/Aza group and 74.8% in "3+7" group (P >0.05). The median overall survival (OS) in the Ven/Aza group was 522 days, while that in the "3+7" group was 1 002 days (P >0.05). After controlling the two variables of age and ECOG PS, a PSM cohort of 20 pairs was obtained, in which the ORR was 65% in Ven/Aza group and 60% in "3+7" group (P >0.05). The median OS was 522 days and 629 days, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 531 days and 198 days between the two groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in OS and PFS between the two groups (both P >0.05). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events in the Ven/Aza group was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION The overall cohort shows that the "3+7" regimen has advantages in efficacy and survival, but Ven/Aza regimen is relatively safer. After performing PSM on age and ECOG PS, the Ven/Aza group showed improved efficacy, and a longer median PFS compared to "3+7" group.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulfonamides/administration & dosage* ; Azacitidine/administration & dosage* ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage* ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with SIL-TAL1-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( SIL-TAL1⁺ T-ALL). METHODS: The clinical data of 110 children with newly diagnosed T-ALL admitted to the pediatric department of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were reviewed to compare the clinical characteristics, treatment response and prognosis between SIL-TAL1⁺ group and SIL-TAL1^-group. RESULTS: Among the 110 children with T-ALL, 25 cases (22.7%) were in the SIL-TAL1⁺ group and 85 cases (77.3%) in the SIL-TAL1^- group. The white blood cell (WBC) count in the SIL-TAL1⁺ group was significantly higher than that in the SIL-TAL1^- group (P < 0.05), while the other clinical characteristics and treatment response were not significantly different between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of SIL-TAL1⁺ group and SIL-TAL1^- group were 80.0% and 75.5%, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 76.0% and 72.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS rate and DFS rate between the two groups ( P >0.05). In children aged < 10 years, the 5-year OS rate of SIL-TAL1⁺ group and SIL-TAL1^- group was 100% and 75.1%, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although the WBC level is significantly higher in children with SIL-TAL1⁺ T-ALL than that in those with SIL-TAL1^- T-ALL, the treatment efficacy is similar between the two groups. In children aged < 10 years, the longterm survival rate is superior in the SIL-TAL1⁺ group.
Humans ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Survival Rate ; T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1 ; Child, Preschool ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; Leukocyte Count

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia in the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate urban-rural disparities in its prevalence and management in elderly Chinese. METHODS: Consecutive participants aged ≥ 65 years attending outpatient clinics were enrolled for AF screening using handheld single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from April 2017 to December 2022. Each ECG rhythm strip was reviewed from the research team. AF or uninterpretable single-lead ECGs were referred for 12-lead ECG. Primary study outcome comparison was between rural and urban areas for the prevalence of AF. The Student's t-test was used to compare mean values of clinical characteristics between rural and urban participants, while the Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare between-group proportions. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between AF and various patient characteristics. RESULTS: The 29,166 study participants included 13,253 men (45.4%) and had a mean age of 72.2 years. The 7073 rural participants differed significantly (P ≤ 0.02) from the 22,093 urban participants in several major characteristics, such as older age, greater body mass index, and so on. The overall prevalence of AF was 4.6% (n = 1347). AF was more prevalent in 7073 rural participants than 22,093 urban participants (5.6% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.01), before and after adjustment for age, body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and prior medical history. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified overweight/obesity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17-1.54) in urban areas and cigarette smoking (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20-2.17) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04-1.93) in rural areas as specific risk factors for prevalent AF. In patients with known AF in urban areas (n = 781) and rural areas (n = 338), 60.6% and 45.9%, respectively, received AF treatment (P < 0.01), and only 22.4% and 17.2%, respectively, received anticoagulation therapy (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In China, there are urban-rural disparities in AF in the elderly, with a higher prevalence and worse management in rural areas than urban areas. Our study findings provide insight for health policymakers to consider urban-rural disparity in the prevention and treatment of AF.