Gorham-Stout disease(GSD) is a rare osteolytic disorder characterized by spontaneous and progressive osteolysis, along with abnormal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, with no new bone formation. We present a case of a 15-year-old female admitted due to " recurrent right leg pain for 5 years, 11 months after undergoing right femoral fracture surgery". Through comprehensive integration of the patient's clinical phenotype, laboratory tests, imaging findings, pathological examinations, and molecular biological test results, GSD was considered highly likely. A multidisciplinary treatment approach was conducted, including a combination of zoledronic acid and sirolimus to inhibit osteolysis, along with rehabilitation training and orthopedic intervention, providing a personalized and comprehensive treatment strategy.

ObjectiveType I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is essential for antiviral innate immunity, yet its sustained or excessive activation contributes to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases and interferonopathies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Current strategies targeting this pathway, exemplified by JAK inhibitors, act mainly on downstream signal transduction and provide limited direct control over upstream IFN-I production, while also carrying the risk of broad immunosuppression. Phyllanthus emblica L. has long been used in traditional medicine for inflammatory disorders, but the bioactive constituent responsible for its regulation of IFN-I signaling and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been clearly defined. This study aimed to identify the active anti-inflammatory component of P. emblica and to characterize its mechanism of action on the IFN-I pathway in macrophages. MethodsActive components ofP. emblica and their candidate targets were screened by network pharmacology using the TCMSP and DrugBank databases (oral bioavailability≥30%, drug-likeness≥0.18) and intersected with inflammation-related genes retrieved from public databases. The predicted interaction between EGCG and IFN-I pathway proteins (TBK1, IRF3, STAT1) was evaluated by molecular docking, with BX795 and GSK8612 used as reference TBK1 inhibitors. Mechanistic experiments were performed in THP-1-derived macrophages and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Upstream signaling was activated by transfection of the nucleic acid analogs poly(I∶C) and poly(dA∶dT) or by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, whereas downstream signaling was activated by exogenous IFN-β. An siRNA-mediated TREX1 knockdown model was used to mimic endogenous nucleic acid-driven interferonopathy. Expression of IFN-β1 and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was measured by RT-qPCR, protein phosphorylation by Western blot, and IFN-β secretion by ELISA. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) were used to probe the interactionbetween EGCG and IRF3. ResultsNetwork pharmacology identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a candidate IFN-I-suppressive constituent of P. emblica, with predicted binding to TBK1, IRF3, and STAT1. Molecular docking yielded binding energies of -9.2, -7.2, and -8.2 kcal/mol for TBK1, IRF3, and STAT1, respectively, indicating an affinity for TBK1 comparable to that of the reference inhibitors BX795 (-5.7 kcal/mol) and GSK8612 (-6.4 kcal/mol). EGCG suppressed IFN-β1 and ISG mRNA expression under poly (I∶C), poly (dA∶dT), and LPS stimulation in both THP-1 macrophages and BMDM. At the protein level, EGCG reduced the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3 without affecting the levels of the upstream sensors cGAS and RIG-I, and lowered IFN-β secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. CETSA and DARTS showed that EGCG did not enhance the thermal stability or protease resistance of IRF3, indicating that its effect on IRF3 is indirect. Following IFN-β stimulation, prolonged EGCG treatment reduced STAT1 phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner without an apparent change in IRF9, and partially attenuated ISG transcription; this effect was not monotonicly concentration-dependent, and CXCL10 showed the most consistent suppression. In TREX1-knockdown cells, the elevated mRNA levels of ISG15, ISG56, and CXCL10 were reduced by EGCG. ConclusionEGCG suppresses IFN-I responses by concurrently inhibiting TBK1-IRF3-dependent IFN‑β production and JAK-STAT1-mediated downstream transcription. These in vitro findings provide a mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory use of P. emblica in traditional medicine and identify EGCG as a candidate for further evaluation in interferon-driven autoimmune disease models.

ObjectiveTo analyze the volatile components in raw Coptidis Rhizoma， Euodiae Fructus juice-processed Coptidis Rhizoma （Yuhuanglian）， and the processing adjuvant Euodiae Fructus juice， identify marker volatile components in the processed product， and elucidate the material basis changes during the processing with Euodiae Fructus juice. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-Q-TOF-MS） was employed to analyze the volatile components in raw Coptidis Rhizoma， Yuhuanglian， and Euodiae Fructus juice. Chemometric analysis was performed to compare volatile components among samples and screen the marker components. Finally， the relative odor activity value （ROAV） was calculated to investigate odor characteristics. ResultsA total of 127 components were detected， with 27， 75， 84 volatile components identified in Euodiae Fructus juice， raw Coptidis Rhizoma， and Yuhuanglian， respectively. Processing with Euodiae Fructus juice significantly increased the number and content of volatile components. Chemometric analysis revealed significant changes in volatile components among the three sample types， allowing clear discrimination. After processing， 39 components such as methyl octanoate and allyl propionate were introduced， while 34 components including furfural and hexanoic acid increased in content， and 11 components including butyric acid and octanal decreased. Additionally， eight components， including zingiberene， 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one， and 5-methyl-2-hexanone， were screened as marker components of Yuhuanglian. Moreover， processing enhanced the ROAV values of 2，5-dimethylpyrazine （roasted， nutty， coffee-like aroma）， 3-ethylphenol， and guaiacol （smoky， woody aroma）. Additionally， it incorporated 1-hepten-3-one from Euodiae Fructus juice and the newly generated 1-hexen-3-one， contributing mushroom and cucumber-like odors. The sensory profile of Yuhuanglian integrated nutty， roasted， smoky， and woody notes with the citrus and fruity aroma originally contributed by octanal. ConclusionThe processing with Euodiae Fructus juice introduced components from adjuvant， significantly altering the volatile component profile and enhancing the sensory odor characteristics of Yuhuanglian. This study provides a valuable reference for exploring the material basis of volatile components and establishing processing specifications for Yuhuanglian.

ObjectiveTo analyze the volatile components in raw Coptidis Rhizoma， Euodiae Fructus juice-processed Coptidis Rhizoma （Yuhuanglian）， and the processing adjuvant Euodiae Fructus juice， identify marker volatile components in the processed product， and elucidate the material basis changes during the processing with Euodiae Fructus juice. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-Q-TOF-MS） was employed to analyze the volatile components in raw Coptidis Rhizoma， Yuhuanglian， and Euodiae Fructus juice. Chemometric analysis was performed to compare volatile components among samples and screen the marker components. Finally， the relative odor activity value （ROAV） was calculated to investigate odor characteristics. ResultsA total of 127 components were detected， with 27， 75， 84 volatile components identified in Euodiae Fructus juice， raw Coptidis Rhizoma， and Yuhuanglian， respectively. Processing with Euodiae Fructus juice significantly increased the number and content of volatile components. Chemometric analysis revealed significant changes in volatile components among the three sample types， allowing clear discrimination. After processing， 39 components such as methyl octanoate and allyl propionate were introduced， while 34 components including furfural and hexanoic acid increased in content， and 11 components including butyric acid and octanal decreased. Additionally， eight components， including zingiberene， 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one， and 5-methyl-2-hexanone， were screened as marker components of Yuhuanglian. Moreover， processing enhanced the ROAV values of 2，5-dimethylpyrazine （roasted， nutty， coffee-like aroma）， 3-ethylphenol， and guaiacol （smoky， woody aroma）. Additionally， it incorporated 1-hepten-3-one from Euodiae Fructus juice and the newly generated 1-hexen-3-one， contributing mushroom and cucumber-like odors. The sensory profile of Yuhuanglian integrated nutty， roasted， smoky， and woody notes with the citrus and fruity aroma originally contributed by octanal. ConclusionThe processing with Euodiae Fructus juice introduced components from adjuvant， significantly altering the volatile component profile and enhancing the sensory odor characteristics of Yuhuanglian. This study provides a valuable reference for exploring the material basis of volatile components and establishing processing specifications for Yuhuanglian.

ObjectiveStroke remains the leading cause of acquired disability in adults worldwide, imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on patients, families, and healthcare systems. Among the various neurological deficits caused by stroke, motor dysfunction——particularly contralateral hemiplegia——is the most common and debilitating consequence, and it predominantly results from damage to the cortical motor conduction pathways. When motor cortex neurons or their projecting fibers are damaged, the distal axons and their associated myelin sheaths undergo a series of progressive, programmed degeneration, fragmentation, and eventual phagocytic clearance. This pathological process is termed Wallerian degeneration (WD). However, the temporal progression of WD following ischemic stroke and the associated alterations in the local glial microenvironment remain incompletely understood. The present study was designed to systematically elucidate the time course of corticospinal tract (CST) axonal WD after ischemic stroke in mice, and to simultaneously characterize the dynamic pathological changes of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte lineage cells, and myelinating oligodendrocytes during the WD process. MethodsEight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to control and ischemic stroke groups. A focal cortical ischemic stroke model was established in the right sensorimotor cortex using the photothrombotic method. This method induces localized intravascular thrombosis in the target cortical region through precisely controlled interaction between the photosensitizer and laser light of specific wavelength. At day 1 post‑surgery, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to evaluate infarct volume, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for histopathological examination, and Nissl staining for assessment of neuronal injury. For axonal degeneration time-course analysis, rAAV-CAG-mCherry anterograde viral tracing was employed to specifically label CST neurons. Cervical spinal cord sections at the CST region were collected at day 3, 5, 7, 14, and 60 post-injury. Morphological changes of mCherry-positive CST fibers were observed under fluorescence microscopy, and the fluorescence signal area fraction within the defined region was quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the dynamic process of axonal degeneration. For glial response assessment, immunofluorescence staining against Iba1 (microglia), GFAP (astrocytes), Olig2 (oligodendrocyte lineage cells), and APC (myelinating oligodendrocytes) was performed at day 7, 14, and 60 post‑surgery. The numbers of positive cells were counted to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes in each glial population at different time points after ischemia, thereby revealing the evolution of the glial microenvironment during WD. ResultsThe photothrombotic method stably and reliably established an ischemic brain injury model confined to the sensorimotor cortex. Viral tracing revealed that the proportion of mCherry‑positive CST fibers was significantly reduced at day 7 after ischemic injury to the neuronal soma. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that during WD, the numbers of microglia and astrocytes in the CST region were significantly increased, whereas the numbers of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelinating oligodendrocytes showed no significant changes. ConclusionWD of CST axons is observed at day 7 post-ischemic stroke in a delayed manner. This degenerative process selectively activates microglia and astrocytes, while leaving the number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells largely unaffected.

ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

Traditionally, platelets, which are anucleate cell fragments derived from blood cells, have been primarily associated with their pivotal functions in hemostasis and thrombosis. However, recent research has elucidated their significant role in immune regulation, highlighting their expression of various immune receptors, involvement in numerous immune-related signaling pathways, and activation of diverse effector functions. This paper elaborates on the fundamental biological characteristics and immune functions of platelets, the involvement of activated platelets in immune regulation, and their prospective applications in clinical therapy. Furthermore, the paper discusses future directions in platelet immune research, as well as the prospects and developmental trends in immunotherapy, aiming to furnish a thorough reference for the investigation and clinical utilization of platelets within the domain of immune regulation.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias towards cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer patients with fear of cancer recurrence(FCR)under subthreshold and suprathreshold stimulus conditions.Methods A total of 94 female breast cancer patients admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from September 2022 to March 2023 were recruited to complete the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form(FCRI-SF)and the dot-probe task.According to the FCRI-SF cut-off score of 13,they were divided into clinical and non-clinical FCR groups,with 47 cases in each group.One-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to statistically analyze the subjects in the 2 groups in terms of attentional bias score,attentional orienting score and attentional disengagement difficulty score.Results The patients in the clinical FCR group showed a significant attentional bias toward cancer-related negative words(P<0.05).Under the subthreshold stimulus condition,its main component was attentional orienting to cancer-related negative words(P<0.05).In the suprathreshold stimulus condition,the main components were attentional orienting to neutral words matched by cancer-related negative words and difficulty in attentional disengagement from cancer-related negative words as well as attentional avoidance for cancer-related positive words(P<0.05).Conclusion Breast cancer patients with clinical FCR have an attentional bias toward cancer-related negative stimuli.Reducing their attention to cancer-related negative stimuli may be an effective measure to reduce FCR level in the patients.

Combined seawater Hf and Nd isotope compositions have been applied as reliable tracers of water mass mixing and weathering input changes.The establishment of standardized synchronous extraction methods for Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide in sediments,which serve as effective carriers for isotopic signals of ancient seawater,is a prerequisite and key for paleoceanography research.The research material of this study was the surface sediments of the Western Arctic Ocean obtained from China's 7th Arctic Scientific Expedition,and a reliable simultaneous Nd-Hf isotope extraction method in Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide fraction was established through systematic optimization of pretreatment procedures and key extraction parameters.This research focused on analyzing the effects of pretreatment(Milli-Q water pre-wash)and key extraction parameters(leaching time,solution/solid ratios,concentration of EDTA-2Na,and concentration of mixed solution of hydroxyamine hydrochloride(HH)and acetic acid(HAc))on element extraction efficiency and isotopic composition.The experimental results indicated that the Milli-Q water pre-wash was not necessary,Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide extraction could be directly performed.Nd extraction amount in Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide fraction was not sensitive to changes in extraction conditions,while the Hf extraction amount was significantly affected by leaching time,solution/solid ratios and concentration of EDTA-2Na.The optimal conditions for synchronously extracting Nd-Hf isotopes were as follows:adding 20 mL of a mixed solution of 0.005 mol/L HH+1.5%HAc+0.03 mol/L EDTA-2Na per gram of sample,and reaction at room temperature for 3 h under shaking.Through systematic verification of 87Sr/86Sr ratio,εNd value,εHf value,Al/Nd ratio and Al/Hf ratio,it was confirmed that this method could effectively avoid interferences from residual components and accurately obtain Nd-Hf isotope signals of ancient seawater preserved in sediments.The standardized method established in this work provided reliable technical support for reconstructing water mass mixing between the Arctic,North Atlantic,and North Pacific Oceans and riverine input histories.It also provided important reference for the extraction methods of Nd and Hf isotopes from marine sources in sediments from other sea areas around the world.

Lentiviral vectors(LVs)are key gene delivery tools for integrating target genes into the host genome,but they may also pose risks of insertional mutagenesis.The vector copy number(VCN)in cells is critical for determining the safety of gene modification.However,the reliability and accuracy of its quantification process are influenced by multiple factors.Developing cell reference materials with specific vector copy numbers represents a viable approach to enhance the reliability and consistency of measurement results,enabling quality control of the quantification process and traceability of outcomes.However,the preparation of such reference materials faces challenges in cell sample design,preparation protocols,and advanced quantification techniques.In this study,T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat-based reference materials with LV gene copy numbers of 1 and 2 copy/cell were developed.A high-precision duplex digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)method was established to quantify the LV gene and endogenous genes simultaneously.Additionally,the results of dPCR were cross-validated through next-generation sequencing and flow cytometric analysis.Ultimately,confocal microscopy characterization results showed that the developed cell reference materials had intact morphology.The quantification result of VCN-1 was(1.07±0.11)copy/cell,and that of VCN-2 was(2.09±0.21)copy/cell.These cell reference materials demonstrated compliance with stability and homogeneity requirements,and could be applied for quality control throughout the VCN measurement workflow and metrological traceability,improving the accuracy,comparability,and validity of copy number measurements.