Objective The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese version of Visual Prostate Symptom Score(CVPSS)and the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)in the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in BPH pa-tients.Methods By using convenient sampling,inpatients in the urology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai were selected as the survey subjects from March 2023 to March 2024.The lower urinary tract symptoms of the patients were eval-uated using the self-designed general information questionnaire.And the CVPSS and IPSS with their urine flow rate were meas-ured.A comparative analysis was conducted from aspects such as internal consistency,correlation of item scores,completion time of the scale,and assistance rate.Results A total of 246 patients with BPH were recruited.The total score and life quality score were 13.93±3.55 and 4.23±1.02 by CVPSS.And the total score and life quality by IPSS was 18.33±7.55 and 4.36±1.02,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficient were 0.761 and 0.787,respectively.The time taken on CVPSS was less than that on IPSS(P＜0.01).And the rate of needing assistance was 23.58％for CVPSS,which was significantly lower than that(65.24％)for IPSS.Conclusion CVPSS is significantly correlated with the corresponding items and total scores of IPSS,as well as the quality of life.Moreover,it takes less time and can be used as a simple and effective self-assessment tool for lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly BPH patients with lower education levels.It reduces the burden of medical staffs as well.

Objective:To compare the lung shunt fraction (LSF) of 90Y imaging after 90Y-selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and preoperative 99Tc m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) imaging in patients with liver malignant tumors, and compare the volume and visual score of intrahepatic distribution of both nucleins on SPECT/CT images. Methods:A total of 91 patients with liver malignant tumors (78 males, 13 females; age (56.7±13.7)years; 99 cases) who underwent 90Y-SIRT in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from November 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent preoperative 99Tc m-MAA simulation and postoperative 90Y distribution verification by whole-body planar scintigraphy and hepatic SPECT/CT imaging. ROIs of the liver and lungs under the anterior-posterior position were delineated on the planar scintigraphy and LSF of 99Tc m-MAA and 90Y were calculated. The volume of interest (VOI) was drawn on the SPECT/CT images to calculate the nuclide distribution volume of both 99Tc m-MAA and 90Y within the liver. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the difference between two groups. In addition, the liver was divided into five lobes, namely left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, caudate lobe, right anterior lobe and right posterior lobe. Visual assessment of 90Y and 99Tc m-MAA radioactive distribution was performed ( 90Y and 99Tc m-MAA uptakes were graded on a scale of 0-3, where 0 indicated no nuclide accumulation and 3 indicated heavy accumulation). Kappa consistency test was used to analyze the scores of the corresponding lobes between two groups. Results:LSF for 99Tc m-MAA was 11.60%(4.27%, 15.03%), and LSF for 90Y was 11.80%(9.70%, 13.30%), without significant difference ( Z=-1.50, P=0.134). The distribution volume of 99Tc m-MAA within the liver was 542.63(204.00, 818.00)ml, which was significantly different from that of 90Y (688.69(287.00, 954.00)ml; Z=-7.37, P<0.001). Kappa values of the score of each lobe between 99Tc m-MAA imaging and 90Y imaging were 0.469-0.740 (all P<0.001). Conclusions:99Tc m-MAA simulation is reliable for assessing LSF for 90Y-SIRT. The distribution volume of 99Tc m-MAA is generally smaller than that of 90Y, but the consistency of the visual score of radioactive distribution is high. Overall, 99Tc m-MAA may well simulate the distribution pattern of 90Y-SIRT.

The neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves cognitive function have not been fully elucidated. A comprehensive and systematic review of current domestic and international neurophysiological evidence on exercise improving cognitive function was conducted from multiple perspectives. At the molecular level, exercise promotes nerve cell regeneration and synaptogenesis and maintains cellular development and homeostasis through the modulation of a variety of neurotrophic factors, receptor activity, neuropeptides, and monoamine neurotransmitters, and by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors and other modulators of neuroplasticity. At the cellular level, exercise enhances neural activation and control and improves brain structure through nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, improved glial cell function and angiogenesis. At the structural level of the brain, exercise promotes cognitive function by affecting white and gray matter volumes, neural activation and brain region connectivity, as well as increasing cerebral blood flow. This review elucidates how exercise improves the internal environment at the molecular level, promotes cell regeneration and functional differentiation, and enhances the brain structure and neural efficiency. It provides a comprehensive, multi-dimensional explanation of the neurophysiological mechanisms through which exercise promotes cognitive function.
Animals ; Humans ; Brain/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology* ; Exercise/physiology* ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology*

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese version of Visual Prostate Symptom Score(CVPSS)and the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)in the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in BPH pa-tients.Methods By using convenient sampling,inpatients in the urology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai were selected as the survey subjects from March 2023 to March 2024.The lower urinary tract symptoms of the patients were eval-uated using the self-designed general information questionnaire.And the CVPSS and IPSS with their urine flow rate were meas-ured.A comparative analysis was conducted from aspects such as internal consistency,correlation of item scores,completion time of the scale,and assistance rate.Results A total of 246 patients with BPH were recruited.The total score and life quality score were 13.93±3.55 and 4.23±1.02 by CVPSS.And the total score and life quality by IPSS was 18.33±7.55 and 4.36±1.02,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficient were 0.761 and 0.787,respectively.The time taken on CVPSS was less than that on IPSS(P＜0.01).And the rate of needing assistance was 23.58％for CVPSS,which was significantly lower than that(65.24％)for IPSS.Conclusion CVPSS is significantly correlated with the corresponding items and total scores of IPSS,as well as the quality of life.Moreover,it takes less time and can be used as a simple and effective self-assessment tool for lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly BPH patients with lower education levels.It reduces the burden of medical staffs as well.

Objective:To compare the lung shunt fraction (LSF) of 90Y imaging after 90Y-selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and preoperative 99Tc m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) imaging in patients with liver malignant tumors, and compare the volume and visual score of intrahepatic distribution of both nucleins on SPECT/CT images. Methods:A total of 91 patients with liver malignant tumors (78 males, 13 females; age (56.7±13.7)years; 99 cases) who underwent 90Y-SIRT in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from November 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent preoperative 99Tc m-MAA simulation and postoperative 90Y distribution verification by whole-body planar scintigraphy and hepatic SPECT/CT imaging. ROIs of the liver and lungs under the anterior-posterior position were delineated on the planar scintigraphy and LSF of 99Tc m-MAA and 90Y were calculated. The volume of interest (VOI) was drawn on the SPECT/CT images to calculate the nuclide distribution volume of both 99Tc m-MAA and 90Y within the liver. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the difference between two groups. In addition, the liver was divided into five lobes, namely left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, caudate lobe, right anterior lobe and right posterior lobe. Visual assessment of 90Y and 99Tc m-MAA radioactive distribution was performed ( 90Y and 99Tc m-MAA uptakes were graded on a scale of 0-3, where 0 indicated no nuclide accumulation and 3 indicated heavy accumulation). Kappa consistency test was used to analyze the scores of the corresponding lobes between two groups. Results:LSF for 99Tc m-MAA was 11.60%(4.27%, 15.03%), and LSF for 90Y was 11.80%(9.70%, 13.30%), without significant difference ( Z=-1.50, P=0.134). The distribution volume of 99Tc m-MAA within the liver was 542.63(204.00, 818.00)ml, which was significantly different from that of 90Y (688.69(287.00, 954.00)ml; Z=-7.37, P<0.001). Kappa values of the score of each lobe between 99Tc m-MAA imaging and 90Y imaging were 0.469-0.740 (all P<0.001). Conclusions:99Tc m-MAA simulation is reliable for assessing LSF for 90Y-SIRT. The distribution volume of 99Tc m-MAA is generally smaller than that of 90Y, but the consistency of the visual score of radioactive distribution is high. Overall, 99Tc m-MAA may well simulate the distribution pattern of 90Y-SIRT.

Objective: To analyze the current situation, influencing factors and mechanism of knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP) regarding acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)/sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) among migrant workers in Chengdu's main urban area, so as to provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control policies for this group. Methods: Convenience sampling and systematic sampling were used to collect demographic information and data on knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behavior characteristics of AIDS/STDs of the participants. The collected data were organized and statistically analyzed by EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 26.0 software. Additionally, a KAP path analysis model was constructed by using AMOS 24.0 software. Results: A total of 257 valid questionnaires were obtained. The AIDS awareness rate was 55.6%, with a mean scores of(5.59±1.61). The awareness rate of STDs was 37.4%, with a mean scores of(9.05±3.00). Discrimination attitudes towards AIDS and STDs were reported by 58 participants(22.6%) and 44 participants(17.1%) respectively. The prevalence of high-risk sexual behavior was 3.50%. Men(OR=0.500, 95%CI: 0.279-0.897) acted as deterrents to knowledge of AIDS. On the other hand, childlessness facilitated discrimination against AIDS(OR=2.748, 95%CI: 1.385-5.451) and STDs(OR=2.287, 95%CI: 1.084-4.825). There was lower likelihood of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior among migrant workers in Chengdu's main urban area who were older(OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.929). The occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors was influenced both directly and indirectly by attitudes towards AIDS and related knowledge. There was a positive correlation between knowledge about AIDS and STDs and attitudes towards them(r=0.15,0.24, bothP<0.05), as well as between attitudes towards AIDS and attitudes towards STDs(r=0.57,P<0.05). That is, the higher the scores of knowledge, the less likely one was to hold discrimination attitudes. Therefore, increasing the rate of knowledge awareness could reduce discrimination towards AIDS/STDs and the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors. Conclusion The level of AIDS/STDs knowledge among the migrant workers in Chengdu′s main urban area is concerning. Innovative interventions should be intensified in key areas and populations.

Objective:To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of unique recombinant forms (URFs) in newly reported HIV-1 patients in Hangzhou, and provide theoretical support for prevention and control of AIDS.Methods:The blood samples of newly-diagnosed HIV-1 infected cases who received no antiviral therapy from 2019 to 2023 were collected, pol gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nested PCR, followed by sequencing. The URFs were screened using phylogenetic tree, followed by recombinant analysis. Genetic distances between URFs sequences were calculated and molecular transmission networks were constructed. The calibrated population resistance program (CPR) was used to analyze transmissible drug-resistant mutations. Results:A total of 222(5.0%, 222/4 471) URFs pol gene sequence were obtained, and the recombination types were CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC (60.4%, 134/222), CRF01_AE/C (11.7%, 26/222), CRF01_AE/B (9.5%, 21/222), CRF01_AE/B/C (8.1%, 18/222), B/C (7.6%, 17/222) and CRF55_01B/CRF07_BC (2.7%, 6/222), respectively. 78.8% (175/222) were infected by men who have sex with man(MSM), whoes mean age was 31.3±10.5. The proportion of URFs increased from 4.0% (34/843) to 7.4% (60/807) from 2019 to 2023. Under the optimal gene distance threshold of 1.5%, the molecular network access rate was 49.5% (110/222), included 23 clusters. We found a large active transmission cluster with 39 cases mixed homosexual and heterosexual, the recombination types was CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC, and the average gene distance was 0.005. Prevalence of URFs transmissible resistance was 3.2% (7/222). Conclusions:URFs are mainly produced and transmitted in young MSM, which shows an increasing trend year by year. There is a large active transmission cluster required major attention and effective intervention to prevent further expansion. At the same time, the occurrence and transmission of URFs should be continuously monitored to understand the clusters and drug resistance dynamics.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of luteolin(LUT)on myasthenia gravis(MG)rats and its mechanism.Methods Female Lewis rats were di-vided into five groups:C group,MG group,low dose luteolin group(L-LUT),medium dose luteolin group(M-LUT)and high dose luteolin group(H-LUT),with 12 rats in each group.Rats in C group were nor-mal control rats.Rats in other groups were MG model rats induced by subcutaneous injection of Rα97-116.Rats in C group and MG group were intragastrically fed with 1 mL corn oil.Rats in L-LUT group,M-LUT group and H-LUT group were intragastrically infused with 1 mL 10,20 and 40 mg·kg-1 luteolin solution,respectively.The administration period was four weeks.Lennon grading method was used to score clini-cal symptoms,and EMG evoked potential instrument was used to detect the attenuation rate of low frequency repetitive nerve stimulation(RNS).The morphology of skeletal muscle was observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.The levels of serum AChR antibody(AChR-Ab),interferon gamma(IFN-γ)and interleu-kin-4(IL-4)were detected by ELISA method.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in skeletal muscle was detected by visible spectrophotometry,and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialde-hyde(MDA)were detected by micromethod.The mR-NA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α),nuclear respiratory factor 1(NRF1)and mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM)in skeletal muscle were measured by qRT-PCR.The protein expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α(AMPKα)and p-AMPKα in skeletal muscle were detected by Western blot.Results Com-pared with C group,Lennon score and RNS decay rate in MG group increased,AChR-Ab and IFN-γ levels increased,skeletal muscle showed obvious injury,SOD and GSH-Px levels decreased,MDA levels in-creased,p-AMPKα protein expression levels and PGC-1α,NRF1 and TFAM mRNA levels decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with MG group,Lennon score and RNS decay rate in L-LUT group and M-LUT group M and H-LUT group decreased,AChR-Ab and IFN-γlevels decreased,skeletal muscle damage was allevia-ted,SOD and GSH-Px levels increased,MDA levels decreased,p-AMPKα protein expression levels and PGC-1α,NRF1 and TFAM mRNA levels increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of luteolin in treating MG rats may be related to correcting the bal-ance of Th1/Th2 cells and activating AMPK.

Objective To analyze the setup errors during proton and heavy ion therapy for head and head neck tumor patients fixed by thermoplastic film combined with styrofoam.Methods Totally 20 patients undergoing proton and heavy ion therapy at some hospital from January to December 2018 were selected retrospectively,of whom 10 ones had head tumors with clinical targets located in the head and the other 10 cases had head and neck tumors with clinical targets distributed in the head and neck.All the 20 patients were fixed with thermoplastic film combined with styrofoam.The head and neck images of the patients acquired after image guidance were aligned with the CT localization-based digitally reconstructed radiograph images,and the setup errors at six-dimensional directions(left-right translation,head-foot translation,forward-backward translation,isocentric rotation,pitch rotation and transverse-roll rotation)were recorded in the first five and the last five times of radiotherapy treatment.The data were processed by using the SPSS 23.0 statistical software and EXCEL.Results There were no significant differences between the head tumor patients in the setup errors at the six directions during the first and last five times of radiotherapy(P＞0.05).The head and neck tumor patients did not have obvious differences in the setup errors at the the directions of left-right translation,forward-backward translation,isocentric rotation and transverse-roll rotation(P＞0.05),while did at the directions of head-foot translation and pitch rotation(P＜0.05).The head and head neck tumor patients with the fixation by thermoplastic film combined with styrofoam had their setup errors at the six directions meet clinical requirements after calibration by the six-dimensional treatment table.Conclusion The fixation mode by thermoplastic film and styrofoam behaves well to enhance the setup repeatability for head tumor patients at the six-dimensional directions,while not so well for head neck tumor patients at the directions of head-foot translation and pitch rotation.Proper measures have to be taken to decrease the setup errors during proton and heavy ion therapy for head and head neck tumor patients.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):56-61]

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.