With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1(TRPV1)-mediated microglia autophagy in postherpetic neuralgia.Methods:Forty mice were randomly divided into control group,postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)group,PHN-sh-NC group,and PHN-sh-TRPV1 group,with 10 mice in each group.We tested the mice's mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL);measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;assessed the formation of au-tophagosomes in the spinal cord tissues by transmission electron microscopy;measured the expression of microtubule-associated pro-tein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba-1)in the spinal cord tissues by immunofluorescence assay;and determined the protein expression of Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B),and p62 in the spinal cord tissues by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the PHN group and PHN-sh-NC group had sig-nificant decreases in MWT,serum BNDF level(t=10.49,P<0.001),and p62(P=0.004)protein expression in the spinal cord tissues and significant increases in TWL,serum TNF-α(t=26.27,P<0.001),IL-1β(t=17.0,P<0.001),and IL-6 levels(t=25.48,P<0.001),and the expression of Iba-1(P=0.002),LC3(P<0.001),LC3B(P=0.001),and Beclin-1 proteins(P=0.001)in the spinal cord tissues.Compared with the PHN group,the PHN-sh-TRPV1 group had a significantly higher MWT,a significantly higher serum BNDF level(t=5.174,P<0.001,a significantly higher p62 protein expression level(P<0.001)in the spinal cord tissues,a significantly lower TWL,significantly lower serum TNF-α(t=20.57,P<0.001),IL-1β(t=8.260,P<0.001),and IL-6 levels(t=19.81,P<0.001),and signifi-cantly lower expression levels of Iba-1(P<0.001),LC3(P<0.001),LC3B(P=0.001),and Beclin-1(P<0.001)in the spinal cord tis-sues.Conclusion:Microglia autophagy is activated in the spinal cord of PHN mice,and suppressing the expression of TRPV1 can in-hibit microglia autophagy to relieve pain in PHN mice.

As the cornerstone of modern medical diagnosis,pathology is facing multiple challenges such as workforce shortages,strong diagnostic subjectivity,and inefficient workflows.With advantages in image recognition,pattern analysis,and big data processing,artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly being integrated into the field of pathological diagnosis,driving its transition toward digitization and intelligence.This article systematically reviews the development of AI in pathology,from early supervised learning validation to weakly supervised learning overcoming annotation bottlenecks,and the recent rise of self-supervised and multimodal foundation models.It demonstrates the broad applications of AI in improving diagnostic consistency,optimizing workflows,and predicting molecular features and prognoses.AI not only enhances the objectivity and efficiency of pathological diagnosis but also promotes the development of emerging interdisciplinary fields such as computational pathomics,providing strong support for precision medicine.Although challenges such as data standardization and regulatory approval remain in clinical implementation,the deep integration of AI and pathology is ushering in a new era of human-machine collaboration and intelligent diagnostics.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias towards cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer patients with fear of cancer recurrence(FCR)under subthreshold and suprathreshold stimulus conditions.Methods A total of 94 female breast cancer patients admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from September 2022 to March 2023 were recruited to complete the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form(FCRI-SF)and the dot-probe task.According to the FCRI-SF cut-off score of 13,they were divided into clinical and non-clinical FCR groups,with 47 cases in each group.One-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to statistically analyze the subjects in the 2 groups in terms of attentional bias score,attentional orienting score and attentional disengagement difficulty score.Results The patients in the clinical FCR group showed a significant attentional bias toward cancer-related negative words(P<0.05).Under the subthreshold stimulus condition,its main component was attentional orienting to cancer-related negative words(P<0.05).In the suprathreshold stimulus condition,the main components were attentional orienting to neutral words matched by cancer-related negative words and difficulty in attentional disengagement from cancer-related negative words as well as attentional avoidance for cancer-related positive words(P<0.05).Conclusion Breast cancer patients with clinical FCR have an attentional bias toward cancer-related negative stimuli.Reducing their attention to cancer-related negative stimuli may be an effective measure to reduce FCR level in the patients.

Objective:To evaluate the role of interferon gene stimulator/long-chain ester acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (STING/ACSL4) signaling pathway in alleviation of oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R)-induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods:The close juxial tubule epithelial cells of human renal cortex were selected and divided into 9 groups ( n=78 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group ), OGD/R group, OGD/R + 25 μmol/L ciprofol group (HC25 group), OGD/R + 50 μmol/L ciprofol group (HC50 group), OGD/R + 100 μmol/L ciprofol group (HC100 group), virus control (NC) group, OGD/R + NC group, OGD/R + ciprofol + NC group (OGD/R+ Cip+ NC group), and OGD/R + ciprofol + STING overexpression lentivirus group (OGD/R+ Cip+ OE-STING group). The OGD/R model was developed by subjecting the cells to O 2-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h followed by restoration of O 2-glucose supply for 20 h. Ciprofol at a final concentration of 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L was added to the medium during OGD/R in HC25, HC50, and HC100 groups, respectively. The cells were subjected to conventional culture after infection with the control virus of the STING overexpression lentivirus in NC group. The OGD/R model was developed after the cells were infected with control virus in OGD/R+ NC group. In OGD/R+ Cip+ NC group and OGD/R+ Cip+ OE-STING group, the cells were infected with control virus and STING overexpression lentivirus, respectively, and ciprofol 50 μmol/L was added to the medium during OGD/R. Cell damage parameters included the cell viability and activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant. The oxidative stress parameters included the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Mitochondrial damage parameters included the mitochondrial area and branch length, content of mitochondrial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and DNA expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (mtND1, mtND2) and cytochrome oxidase (COX-1). The ferroptosis parameters included Fe 2+ content and expression of STING, ACSL4, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein and mRNA. Results:Compared with group C, the activity of LDH in the supernatant was significantly increased, the cell viability was decreased, the ROS activity, MDA content, and Fe 2+ content were increased, the GSH content was decreased, the expression of ACSL4, cGAS, STING, NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of GPX4 protein and mRNA was down-regulated, the content of 8-OHdG in mtDNA was increased, the DNA expression of cytoplasmic mtND1, mtND2 and COX-1 was up-regulated, and the mitochondrial area and branch length were increased in group OGD/R ( P<0.05). Compared with OGD/R group, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly increased, the MDA content and Fe 2+ content were decreased, the expression of ACSL4, cGAS, STING, NF-κB protein and mRNA was down-regulated, the expression of GPX4 protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the content of 8-OHdG in mtDNA was decreased, and the DNA expression of cytoplasmic mtND1, mtND2 and COX-1 was up-regulated in HC50 group ( P<0.05). Compared with OGD/R+ Cip+ NC group, the cell viability was significantly decreased, the ROS activity was increased, the expression of ACSL4, cGAS and NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of GPX4 protein and mRNA was down-regulated, and the DNA expression of cytoplasmic mtND1, mtND2 and COX-1 was up-regulated in OGD/R+ Cip+ OE-STING group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ciprofol may exert cytoprotective effects by alleviating ferroptosis during OGD/R in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting STING/ACSL4 signaling pathway.

Objective:To develop a simple and effective subretinal injection pipeline system to enhance the accuracy and precision of subretinal injection volume control.Methods:A retrospective case series study. From May to October 2023, 18 patients (18 eyes) with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) who continuously received modified subretinal injection treatment in Department of Ophthalmology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 10 males and 8 females. The mean age was (60.00±7.41) years. The primary causes included polypoid choroidal vasculopathy (14 cases), retinal macroaneurysm (2 cases), traumatic retinopathy (1 case), and Valsalva retinopathy (1 case). Hemorrhage affected 14 eyes of the fovea centralis. All affected eyes underwent standard three-channel 25G vitrectomy via the flat part of the ciliary body combined with modified subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The improved injection system consisted of a 1 ml syringe, a Q-Syte TM connector, a 41G subretinal microinjection needle, a converter and a viscoelastic substance control pipeline. The drug preparation time for subretinal injection (i.e., the time consumed by the system connection step), the injection time, whether bubbles occur during the injection process, and the perioperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results:The preparation time prior to drug injection ranged from 230 to 335 seconds, while the injection completion time varied between 43 and 75 seconds. Both times decreased progressively as operator proficiency improved. Among the treated eyes, five received a target injection dose of 0.05 ml and thirteen received 0.10 ml, with all eyes achieving the preset dose accurately. No subretinal bubbles were observed during the injection procedure. Additionally, no intraoperative complications such as retinal hemorrhage or tear secondary to mechanical trauma at the injection site were recorded. Postoperatively, one eye developed anterior chamber hemorrhage, which resolved following intraocular pressure-lowering treatment. No other postoperative complications, including hemorrhage, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, or infection, were observed in the remaining eyes.Conclusion:The retinal drug injection system developed in this study has a simple structure, safe and stable operation, can achieve precise drug injection, and effectively avoid the formation of bubbles.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and factors influencing treatment of pediatric noninfectious uveitis with Adalimumab (ADA).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 86 pediatric patients with non-infectious uveitis, diagnosed and treated with ADA at Department of Uveitis Specialist of Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi' an Fourth Hospital) from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023, were included in this study. The age of all patients was ≤16 years. Among them, 55 (63.95%, 55/86) patients received ADA combined with one immunosuppressive agent, 28 (32.56%, 28/86) patients received ADA combined with ≥2 immunosuppressive agents, and 3 (3.49%, 3/86) patients received ADA alone without any immunosuppressive agents. All patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the macular region was measured using an OCT device. The cumulative treatment effectiveness rate at 12 months post-treatment was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model, and the optimal predictive model was selected based on the Bayesian information criterion. The association between different treatment regimens and various clinical outcomes was assessed.Results:Among the 86 pediatric patients, 42 were male and 44 were female, with a mean age of (10.47±3.23) years. The distribution of uveitis types was as follows: anterior uveitis in 37 cases, intermediate uveitis in 15 cases, posterior uveitis in 10 cases, and panuveitis in 24 cases. Anterior chamber cells (ACC), keratic precipitates, and synechiae were present in 66, 55, and 38 cases, respectively. The cumulative treatment effectiveness at 12 months was 85.1% [95% confidence interval ( CI) 71.9-92.2], with a median time to treatment effectiveness of 3 months. Compared with baseline, after 6 months of treatment, the BCVA, RNFL thickness ( Z=?6.323, ?8.017), and the grading of ACC and vitreous haze ( χ2= ?6.917, ?5.027) showed significant improvement, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that ACC (hazard ratio=22.31, 95% CI 2.43-204.68) and anterior uveitis (hazard ratio=3.88, 95% CI 2.03-7.42) were significantly associated with treatment effectiveness ( P<0.05). Patients with ACC had a median time to treatment effectiveness of 2 months, with a 12-month cumulative treatment effectiveness of 95.5% (95% CI 86.3-98.5). Patients with anterior uveitis had a median time to treatment effectiveness of 2 months, with a 12-month cumulative treatment effectiveness of 97.3% (95% CI 81.3-99.6). Patients without anterior uveitis had a median time to treatment effectiveness of 5 months, with a 12-month cumulative treatment effectiveness of 76.7% (95% CI 54.1-88.2). The cumulative recurrence risk at 12 months was 15.6% (95% CI 6.2-24.1). Conclusion:ADA is safe and effective in treating pediatric non-infectious uveitis, and ACC and anterior uveitis are associated with response rate.

Tooth loss is a common oral problem, and cognitive decline is a primary manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Both conditions affect their daily living abilities and quality of life. Studies have shown that tooth loss may negatively impact cognitive function through physiological mechanisms such as neural pathways and inflammatory factors, and social, psychological and behavioral factors are identified as important modifiable elements for preventing cognitive decline. This review examined literature about tooth loss and cognitive decline in the elderly, and explored the potential pathways of social, psychological and behavioral factors between these two conditions. The findings indicated that tooth loss may increase the risk of cognitive decline through reduced social participation, social isolation and limited social capital, increased chronic stress, depression and negative aging attitudes, as well as altered physical activity patterns, sleep duration and diets. For the elderly with tooth loss, targeted preventive and intervention measures addressing social, psychological and behavioral aspects can be implemented to prevent and delay cognitive decline, thereby improving their quality of life.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of in-testinal mucosal barrier protective effect of Qingjie Huagong decoction(QJHGD)on rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods The SAP rat model was constructed,and the sham-operation group,the model group,the group administered with different dosages of QJHGD,and the positive control group were set up respectively.HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes.ELISA was employed to detect the serum levels of diamine oxidase(DAO)and D-lactic acid(D-LA)in rats.Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the mitochondria of ileal tissues.qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of PGAM5,Drp1,PINK1,Parkin,LC3B in ileal tissues of rats.Results Compared with the sham-operated group,the pancreas and ileum tissues of rats in the model group showed obvious pathological changes,with abnormal mitochondrial structure and reduced number of autoph-agic vesicles in the ileum tissues.The levels of DAO and D-LA in serum increased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA and protein expression of PGAM 5,Drp 1,PINK1,Parkin,and LC3B in the ileum tissues de-creased significantly.Compared with the model group,pancreatic and ileal pathology were improved,mito-chondrial damage in the ileum was reduced,and the number of autophagic vesicles increased in the QJHGD group.The serum levels of DAO and D-LA were re-duced,and the expression of PGAM5,Drp1,PINK1,Parkin,and LC3B mRNA and protein in the ileal tis-sues increased significantly.Conclusions QJHGD may exert a protective effect on the SAP intestinal mu-cosal barrier by regulating the PGAM5/Drp1/PINK1/Parkin axis in order to elevate the level of mitochondri-al autophagy in the intestinal epithelial cells,thereby improving the level of repair of the intestinal epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Pills (YXQNP) combined with amlodipine in treating patients with grade 1 hypertension. METHODS: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Adult patients with grade 1 hypertension of blood deficiency and Gan (Liver)-yang hyperactivity syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment or the control groups at a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group received YXQNP and amlodipine besylate, while the control group received YXQNP's placebo and amlodipine besylate. The treatment duration lasted for 180 days. Outcomes assessed included changes in blood pressure, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome scores, symptoms and target organ functions before and after treatment in both groups. Additionally, adverse events, such as nausea, vomiting, rash, itching, and diarrhea, were recorded in both groups. RESULTS: A total of 662 subjects were enrolled, of whom 608 (91.8%) completed the trial (306 in the treatment and 302 in the control groups). After 180 days of treatment, the standard deviations and coefficients of variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were lower in the treatment group compared with the control group. The improvement rates of dizziness, headache, insomnia, and waist soreness were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 30 days of treatment, the overall therapeutic effects on CM clinical syndromes were significantly increased in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 180 days of treatment, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ankle brachial index and albumin-to-creatinine ratio were improved in both groups, with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy of YXQNP with amlodipine significantly improved symptoms such as dizziness and headache, reduced blood pressure variability, and showed a trend toward lowering urinary microalbumin in hypertensive patients. These findings suggest that this regimen has good clinical efficacy and safety. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900022470).
Humans ; Amlodipine/adverse effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Hypertension/complications* ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Adult ; Blood Pressure/drug effects* ; Double-Blind Method ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects*