Objective: To investigate the association of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adolescents, and to provide scientific evidence for the early screening and intervention strategy of cardiac structure damage. Methods: Data were obtained from the third follow up survey (October 2023) of the "Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study", including 1 156 healthy adolescents aged 12-17 with complete information. The sample population was stratified into low ( Q 1 group), medium ( Q 2 group), and high ( Q 3 group) ALT levels based on tertiles within the same gender and age groups. Inter group comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance and trend test. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between ALT levels and LVH, and stratified analyses were performed by gender and age groups. Results: With the increase of ALT quantile level, the detection rate of LVH showed an increasing trend ( Q 1: 3.7%; Q 2: 10.6%; Q 3: 16.7%, Z= 5.89 , P <0.01). After adjusting for potential covariates, compared with the ALT group ( Q 1), the group ( Q 3) increased the risk of developing LVH in adolescents ( OR=2.09, 95%CI =1.21-4.12). Stratified analyses by age and sex showed a significant association only in boys and younger individuals aged 12 to 14 years [ OR (95% CI ) were 2.64(1.04-7.67) and 3.24( 1.35 -9.06), both P <0.05)]. Conclusion Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of LVH in adolescents, and early detection and control of abnormal liver enzyme levels can help reduce early vascular structural damage and prevent adverse cardiovascular events.

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate changes and clinical significance of serum cytokine signaling inhibitor-1(SOCS-1),soluble myeloid triggering receptor-2(sTREM-2)and ATP citrate lyase(ACLY)in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.Methods A total of 100 patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected as the infection group,and 70 healthy subjects in our hospital were selected as the control group.According to the pneumonia severity index(PSI)score,patients of the infection group were divided into the severe group(PSI>90,32 cases)and the mild group(PSI≤90,68 cases).The expression levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in the infection group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2,ACLY and PSI scores in the infection group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors affecting the disease status of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The diagnostic value of serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The levels of white blood cell(WBC)count,procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the infection group than those in the control group(P＜0.01).In infection group,serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were positively correlated with PSI scores(r=0.419,0.373,0.391,P＜0.05).Serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the severe group than those in the mild group(P＜0.01).The elevated serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were risk factors for severe disease in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY alone and in combination for the diagnosis of severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection were 0.787,0.837,0.847 and 0.929,respectively,and the combined diagnostic efficiency was the highest.Conclusion Serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY are elevated in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection,and their expression levels are related to the condition of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The combined detection of the three is better than testing alone for severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate changes and clinical significance of serum cytokine signaling inhibitor-1(SOCS-1),soluble myeloid triggering receptor-2(sTREM-2)and ATP citrate lyase(ACLY)in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.Methods A total of 100 patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected as the infection group,and 70 healthy subjects in our hospital were selected as the control group.According to the pneumonia severity index(PSI)score,patients of the infection group were divided into the severe group(PSI>90,32 cases)and the mild group(PSI≤90,68 cases).The expression levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in the infection group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2,ACLY and PSI scores in the infection group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors affecting the disease status of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The diagnostic value of serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The levels of white blood cell(WBC)count,procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the infection group than those in the control group(P＜0.01).In infection group,serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were positively correlated with PSI scores(r=0.419,0.373,0.391,P＜0.05).Serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the severe group than those in the mild group(P＜0.01).The elevated serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were risk factors for severe disease in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY alone and in combination for the diagnosis of severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection were 0.787,0.837,0.847 and 0.929,respectively,and the combined diagnostic efficiency was the highest.Conclusion Serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY are elevated in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection,and their expression levels are related to the condition of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The combined detection of the three is better than testing alone for severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Background Bacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations, where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air, leading to increased health risks. Objective To understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways. Methods Three subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide (CO₂), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) were measured by direct reading method. In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3: Airborne microorganisms (GB/T 18204.3-2013), air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min⁻¹, and total bacterial count was estimated. Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods, and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO₂ concentration and total bacterial count. Results The pass rates were 100.0% for airborne total bacteria count, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ in the subway stations and train compartments, 94.4% for temperature and wind speed, 98.6% for CO₂, but 0% for humidity. The overall median (P₂₅, P₇₅) total bacteria count was 177 (138,262) CFU·m⁻³. Specifically, the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms, and higher during morning peak hours than during evening peak hours (P<0.05). A total of 874 strains and 82 species were identified by automatic microbial mass spectrometry. The results of identification were all over 9 points, and the predominant bacteria in the air were Micrococcus luteus (52.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (9.8%). Three pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii (0.3%), Corynebacterium striatum (0.1%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacilli (2.2%) were detected in 23 samples (2.6%), and the associated locations were mainly distributed in train compartments during evening rush hours. Conclusion The total bacteria count in indoor air varies by monitoring sites of subway stations and time periods, and there is a risk of opportunistic bacterial infection. Attention should be paid to cleaning and disinfection during peak passenger flow hours in all areas.

As the backbone force of China's social and economic construction, the health status of workers is closely related to the nation's productivity and social development. Currently, cancers have become one of the major diseases threatening the health of workers. However, there are still many shortcomings in the cancer screening services for the workers. To standardize cancer screening services for workers, ensure the quality of screening services, and improve the overall screening effectiveness, 19 institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, have jointly formulated the Group Standard "Specification for service of cancer screening for workers (T/CHAA 023-2023)". This standard follows the principles of "legality, scientific rigor, advancement, and feasibility" and combines the frontier scientific advances in cancer screening. It clarifies the relevant requirements for service principles, service design, service delivery, service management, service evaluation, and improving worker cancer screening. Implementing this group standard will help connect the common screening needs of workers, employers, and cancer screening service providers, standardize the screening process, improve screening quality, and ultimately increase the early diagnosis rate and survival rate of cancer patients. Consequently, this group standard will help safeguard workers' health rights and interests, ensure the labor force resources, promote the comprehensive coordinated and sustainable development of society, and contribute to realizing the "Healthy China 2030" strategic policy.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2(rIL-2)therapy on immunocyte subsets and its side effects in children with solid tumor.Methods:A total of 22 children(11 males and 11 females)with solid tumor in our department from December 2012 to November 2017 were selected,with a median age of 9(3-16)years old when starting IL-2 therapy.ALL surgeries and chemotherapy of children had been completed before low-dose rIL-2 therapy,and 17 cases achieved complete remission(CR)and 5 cases achieved partial remission(PR).A low-dose rIL-2 therapy was given 1 month after chemotherapy for 1 year:4 × 105 IU/(m2·d),s.c.for every other day,3 times per week.The immunocyte subsets were detected every 3 months until the end of treatment,meanwhile,disease condition and therapy-related side effects were followed up.Results:After low-dose rIL-2 therapy in 22 children,the absolute values of CD3+T cells,CD3-CD56+natural killer cells,CD3+CD4+helper T cells(Th)and CD3+CD8+cytotoxic T cells were up-regulated remarkably,as well as Th/suppressor T cells(all P＜0.05).While,there were no significant differences in absolute value and proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg cells during therapy.Among the 17 children who achieved CR before rIL-2 therapy,14 cases continued to maintain CR after therapy,while 3 cases relapsed,and with 2 died after treatment abandonment.The 5 children who achieved PR before low-dose rIL-2 therapy were evaluated CR by PET/CT scan after treatment.In the early stage of low-dose rIL-2 therapy,1 child developed skin rashes at the injection sites,and 2 children ran a slight to mild transient fever.Their symptoms disappeared without any organ damage after symptomatic treatment.Conclusion:Low-dose rIL-2 therapy has good drug tolerance,and changes the distribution of anti-tumor immune-cell subgroup in peripheral blood of children with solid tumor remarkably without up-regulation of absolute value and ratio of Treg cells.