Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide and has drawn extensive research attention.Owing to its molecular heterogeneity,drug resistance,and low therapeutic response,single-modality treatments often fail to achieve satisfactory efficacy or broad applicability.Combination therapy,designed based on the pathophysiological characteristics,related signaling pathways,and biomarkers of breast cancer,has emerged as a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.With the advancement of research on combination strategies,the understanding of their molecular mechanisms—particularly key signaling pathways and biomarkers—has become increasingly important.However,comprehensive reviews addressing these molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies remain scarce.This article summarizes recent advances in combination therapy for breast cancer,providing a comprehensive review of recent combination therapies for breast cancer and their underlying molecular mechanisms,and focusing on key signaling pathways involved in combination therapy and synergistic strategies,thereby providing theoretical insights and reference for researchers,graduate students,and clinicians engaged in the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and related malignancies.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide and has drawn extensive research attention.Owing to its molecular heterogeneity,drug resistance,and low therapeutic response,single-modality treatments often fail to achieve satisfactory efficacy or broad applicability.Combination therapy,designed based on the pathophysiological characteristics,related signaling pathways,and biomarkers of breast cancer,has emerged as a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.With the advancement of research on combination strategies,the understanding of their molecular mechanisms—particularly key signaling pathways and biomarkers—has become increasingly important.However,comprehensive reviews addressing these molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies remain scarce.This article summarizes recent advances in combination therapy for breast cancer,providing a comprehensive review of recent combination therapies for breast cancer and their underlying molecular mechanisms,and focusing on key signaling pathways involved in combination therapy and synergistic strategies,thereby providing theoretical insights and reference for researchers,graduate students,and clinicians engaged in the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and related malignancies.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive, high temporal-resolution technique for monitoring brain activity. However, affected by the volume conduction effect, EEG has a low spatial resolution and is difficult to locate brain neuronal activity precisely. The surface Laplacian (SL) technique obtains the Laplacian EEG (LEEG) by estimating the second-order spatial derivative of the scalp potential. LEEG can reflect the radial current activity under the scalp, with positive values indicating current flow from the brain to the scalp (“source”) and negative values indicating current flow from the scalp to the brain (“sink”). It attenuates signals from volume conduction, effectively improving the spatial resolution of EEG, and is expected to contribute to breakthroughs in neural engineering. This paper provides a systematic overview of the principles and development of SL technology. Currently, there are two implementation paths for SL technology: current source density algorithms (CSD) and concentric ring electrodes (CRE). CSD performs the Laplace transform of the EEG signals acquired by conventional disc electrodes to indirectly estimate the LEEG. It can be mainly classified into local methods, global methods, and realistic Laplacian methods. The global method is the most commonly used approach in CSD, which can achieve more accurate estimation compared with the local method, and it does not require additional imaging equipment compared with the realistic Laplacian method. CRE employs new concentric ring electrodes instead of the traditional disc electrodes, and measures the LEEG directly by differential acquisition of the multi-ring signals. Depending on the structure, it can be divided into bipolar CRE, quasi-bipolar CRE, tripolar CRE, and multi-pole CRE. The tripolar CRE is widely used due to its optimal detection performance. While ensuring the quality of signal acquisition, the complexity of its preamplifier is relatively acceptable. Here, this paper introduces the study of the SL technique in resting rhythms, visual-related potentials, movement-related potentials, and sensorimotor rhythms. These studies demonstrate that SL technology can improve signal quality and enhance signal characteristics, confirming its potential applications in neuroscientific research, disease diagnosis, visual pathway detection, and brain-computer interfaces. CSD is frequently utilized in applications such as neuroscientific research and disease detection, where high-precision estimation of LEEG is required. And CRE tends to be used in brain-computer interfaces, that have stringent requirements for real-time data processing. Finally, this paper summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of SL technology and envisages its future development. SL technology boasts advantages such as reference independence, high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, enhanced source connectivity analysis, and noise suppression. However, it also has shortcomings that can be further improved. Theoretically, simulation experiments should be conducted to investigate the theoretical characteristics of SL technology. For CSD methods, the algorithm needs to be optimized to improve the precision of LEEG estimation, reduce dependence on the number of channels, and decrease computational complexity and time consumption. For CRE methods, the electrodes need to be designed with appropriate structures and sizes, and the low-noise, high common-mode rejection ratio preamplifier should be developed. We hope that this paper can promote the in-depth research and wide application of SL technology.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of Shengxian Yixin Granules in treating ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction based on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly selected six rats as the control group,and the remaining 54 rats were used as the modeling group.Sham-operation and left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were performed respectively.The modeled rats were divided into model group,Shengxian Yixin Granules group,740Y-P group and Shengxian Yixin Granules+740Y-P group,and were given corresponding intervention for 28 days.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)were measured by echocardiography,and left ventricular hypertrophy index was calculated,the myocardial morphology was observed by HE and Masson staining,and the protein expressions of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-AKT and AKT were detected by Western blot,RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of type Ⅰ collagen(Col1)and type Ⅲ collagen(Col3),and ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum cardiac troponin T(cTnT),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),Col1 and Col3.Results Compared with the control group,the LVEF and LVFS in the model group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the left ventricular hypertrophy index increased(P<0.01);myocardial cells were arranged disorderly,some cells were necrotic,ruptured and their nuclei were dissolved,with obvious neutrophil infiltration,the collagen fiber significantly increased,the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of serum cTnT,CK-MB,Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the LVEF and LVFS in Shengxian Yixin Granules group significantly improved(P<0.05,P<0.01),and left ventricular hypertrophy index decreased(P<0.05);myocardial necrosis,neutrophil infiltration and collagen fiber deposition were reduced,the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in myocardial tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the mRNA expressions of Col1 and Col3 significantly decreased(P<0.01);the contents of serum cTnT,CK-MB,Col1 and Col3 significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).LVEF and LVFS in 740Y-P group significantly decreased(P<0.01),and left ventricular hypertrophy index increased(P<0.05);a large number of myocardial cells were necrotic and ruptured,fibers were torn obviously,and many scar tissues were formed,the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),the mRNA expressions of Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of serum cTnT,CK-MB,Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Shengxian Yixin Granules+740Y-P could improve the damage of 740Y-P to the heart.Conclusion Shengxian Yixin Granules can improve ventricular remodeling in rats with heart failure,reduce myocardial fibrosis,and improve cardiac function through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

Objective To construct a hybrid decision-making model that integrates knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches,and to apply it to the etiological diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia(VT).Methods Clinical practice guidelines,expert consensus documents,and medical literature in the field of ar-rhythmia diseases from 2018 to 2023 were retrieved as knowledge sources.Retrospective electronic medical re-cord data of VT patients from Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,from 2013 to 2023 were collected as the dataset.A knowledge-driven model was constructed using a knowledge-rule-based approach to establish clinical pathways.A three-class machine learning model for VT eti-ology diagnosis was developed based on real-world data,and the best-performing model was selected as the rep-resentative of the data-driven approach.The machine learning model was embedded into the decision nodes of the clinical pathway in the form of custom operators,forming the hybrid model.The precision,recall,and F1 score of the three models were evaluated.Results Three clinical practice guidelines were included as knowl-edge sources for the knowledge-driven model.A total of 1305 patient records were collected as the dataset,and five machine learning models were constructed,with the XGBoost model performing the best.The hybrid model adopted a knowledge-driven decision-making framework,embedding the XGBoost model into the decision nodes of a two-level classification.The precision,recall,and F1 scores of the three models were as follows:the knowledge-driven model achieved 80.4％,79.1％,and 79.7％;the data-driven model achieved 88.4％,88.5％,and 88.4％;and the hybrid model achieved 90.4％,90.2％,and 90.3％.Conclusions The hybrid model integrating knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches demonstrated higher accuracy,and all its deci-sion outcomes were based on evidence-based practices,aligning more closely with the actual diagnostic reason-ing of clinicians.Further rigorous validation is needed to assess the feasibility of widely applying the hybrid model in the medical field.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of Shengxian Yixin Granules in treating ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction based on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly selected six rats as the control group,and the remaining 54 rats were used as the modeling group.Sham-operation and left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were performed respectively.The modeled rats were divided into model group,Shengxian Yixin Granules group,740Y-P group and Shengxian Yixin Granules+740Y-P group,and were given corresponding intervention for 28 days.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)were measured by echocardiography,and left ventricular hypertrophy index was calculated,the myocardial morphology was observed by HE and Masson staining,and the protein expressions of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-AKT and AKT were detected by Western blot,RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of type Ⅰ collagen(Col1)and type Ⅲ collagen(Col3),and ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum cardiac troponin T(cTnT),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),Col1 and Col3.Results Compared with the control group,the LVEF and LVFS in the model group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the left ventricular hypertrophy index increased(P<0.01);myocardial cells were arranged disorderly,some cells were necrotic,ruptured and their nuclei were dissolved,with obvious neutrophil infiltration,the collagen fiber significantly increased,the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of serum cTnT,CK-MB,Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the LVEF and LVFS in Shengxian Yixin Granules group significantly improved(P<0.05,P<0.01),and left ventricular hypertrophy index decreased(P<0.05);myocardial necrosis,neutrophil infiltration and collagen fiber deposition were reduced,the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in myocardial tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the mRNA expressions of Col1 and Col3 significantly decreased(P<0.01);the contents of serum cTnT,CK-MB,Col1 and Col3 significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).LVEF and LVFS in 740Y-P group significantly decreased(P<0.01),and left ventricular hypertrophy index increased(P<0.05);a large number of myocardial cells were necrotic and ruptured,fibers were torn obviously,and many scar tissues were formed,the protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),the mRNA expressions of Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of serum cTnT,CK-MB,Col1 and Col3 significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Shengxian Yixin Granules+740Y-P could improve the damage of 740Y-P to the heart.Conclusion Shengxian Yixin Granules can improve ventricular remodeling in rats with heart failure,reduce myocardial fibrosis,and improve cardiac function through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

This is the first reported case of a female with monkeypox infection in Kunming City,Yunnan Province.An epi-demiological investigation was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of monkeypox epidemics in China,especially for early detection in females in accordance with the"Monkeypox prevention and control program(2023 ver-sion)".Diagnosis was performed as described in the"Monkeypox Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines(2022 version)".Speci-mens were collected for laboratory testing.The epidemiological investigation determined that the female patient had sexual in-tercourse with her newly married husband once before disease onset and the husband hid his history of male homosexual sex.The laboratory test results of the woman and her husband were positive for the nucleic acid of the monkeypox virus.Both had typical clinical symptoms,including rash.The epidemiological investigation,clinical symptoms,laboratory test results,and previous epidemic data of monkeypox in Yunnan province confirmed the woman as the first female infected with monkeypox in Yunnan Province and her husband was the presumed source of infection.

Objective To explore clinical effect of closed reduction percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail assisted by arthrography in the treatment of radial neck fracture in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 chil-dren with radial neck fracture treated with arthrography assisted closed reduction and percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail internal fixation(arthrography with elastic nail group)from January 2019 to December 2022,including 12 males and 11 fe-males,aged from 2 to 12 years old with an average of(7.36±1.89)years old;According to Judet fracture types,14 children were type Ⅲ and 9 children were type Ⅳ.In addition,23 children with radial neck fracture were selected from January 2015 to December 2018 who were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail fixation(elastic nail group),including 11 males and 12 females,aged from 2 to 14 years old with an average of(7.50±1.91)years old;Judet classi-fication included 15 children were type Ⅲ and 8 children were type Ⅳ.Operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times were compared between two groups.Metaizeau evaluation criteria was used to evaluate fracture reduction,and Tibone-Stoltz evaluation criteria was used to evaluate functional recovery of elbow between two groups.Results Both groups were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of(16.56±6.34)months.Operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of elastic nail group were(56.64±19.27)min and(21.13±7.87)times,while those of joint angiography with elastic nail group were(40.33±1 1.50)min and(12.10±3.52)times;there were difference between two groups(P＜0.05).According to Metaizeau evaluation,11 patients got excellent result,9 good and 3 fair in joint angiography with elastic nail group,while in elastic nail group,5 ex-cellent,13 good,4 acceptable,and 1 poor;the difference between two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).According to Tibone-Stoltz criteria,14 patients got excellent result,8 good,and 1 fair in joint arthrography with elastic nail group;while in elastic nail group,12 patients got excellent result,9 good,1 fair and 1 poor;there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared to percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail fixation,closed reduction assisted by arthrography has advantages of reduced operation time,decreased intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,and improved fracture reduction.Arthrography enables clear visualization of the anatomical structures of radius,head,neck,bone,and cartilage in children,facilitating comprehensive display of fracture reduction and brachioradial joint alignment.This technique more pre-cisely guides the depth of elastic intramedullary nail implantation in radius neck,thereby enhancing surgical efficiency and success rate.