ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of cardiorespiratory fitness levels in the baseline population of the South China Cohort， and to identify the potential contributing factors. MethodsFace-to-face surveys and physical examinations were conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics， medical histories， medications， lifestyles， and physical activity conditions. After excluding individuals with missing cardiorespiratory fitness-related data and covariates including physical activity and dietary information， a total of 77 024 participants aged 25 to 85 were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness levels were evaluated using a non-exercise algorithm， and low cardiorespiratory fitness level was defined as below the lower tertile of the population distribution. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the distribution of low cardiorespiratory fitness level， and log-binomial regression and ordered logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with demographic characteristics， socioeconomic factors， lifestyle factors （including alcohol consumption and dietary diversity）， and chronic diseases conditions （including diabetes， hypertension， pulmonary diseases， and cardiovascular diseases）. ResultsCardiorespiratory fitness levels showed a sufficiently normal distribution in both male and female group. We found that the proportion of low cardiorespiratory fitness level was higher among Han ethnicity， those with an educational level below 9th grade， households with an annual income of more than 100 000 Yuan， as well as those who drank alcohol at least one time per week and who exhibited low dietary diversity （all P＜0.001）. Ethnicity， socioeconomic status， lifestyle factors， and chronic diseases were found to be statistically associated with cardiorespiratory fitness levels in the South China population （all P＜0.001）. ConclusionCardiorespiratory fitness levels varied across different population groups in South China， with ethnicity， socioeconomic status， lifestyle factors， and chronic diseases serving as key determinants. Therefore， it is recommended that the public pay attention to cardiorespiratory fitness， as strengthening population-level monitoring and interventions for cardiorespiratory fitness carries significant public health implications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which the combination of berberine （BBR） and baicalin （BAI） ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） due to internal accumulation of dampness-heat from the perspectives of gut microbiota and metabolomics. MethodsAntibiotics were used to induce pseudo-sterile mice. Thirty pseudo-sterile mice were randomized into a normal fecal microbiota transplantation group （n=10） and a T2DM （syndrome of internal accumulation of dampness-heat） fecal microbiota transplantation group （n=20）. The mice were then administrated with suspensions of fecal microbiota from healthy volunteers and a patient with T2DM due to internal accumulation of dampness-heat by gavage， respectively. Each mouse received 200 µL suspension every other day for a total of 15 times to reshape the gut microbiota. The T2DM model mice were then assigned into a model group （n=8） and a BBR-BAI group （n=11）. BBR was administrated at a dose of 200 mg·kg^-1， and BAI was administrated in a ratio of BBR-BAI 10∶1 based on preliminary research findings. The administration lasted for 8 consecutive weeks. Fasting blood glucose （FBG）， glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c）， insulin （INS）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （CHOL）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels were measured to evaluate the effects of the BBR-BAI combination on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver function in T2DM mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe pathological changes in the colon tissue. The expression of claudin-1， zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， and occludin in the colon tissue was determined by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was employed to assess the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the colon tissue. The fecal microbiota composition and differential metabolites were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， respectively. ResultsThe BBR-BAI combination lowered the FBG， HbA1c， and INS levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and alleviated insulin resistance （P<0.01） in T2DM mice. Additionally， BBR-BAI elevated the levels of ZO-1， occludin， and claudin-1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in the colon （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that BBR-BAI increased the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus， Phascolarctobacterium， and Akkermansia （P<0.05）， while significantly decreasing the relative abundance of Alistipes， Odoribacter， and Colidextribacter （P<0.05）. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 28 differential metabolites， which were primarily involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism. ConclusionBBR-BAI can ameliorate T2DM due to internal accumulation of dampness-heat by modulating the relative abundance of various bacterial genera in the gut microbiota and the expression of fecal metabolites.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a child with Oral-facial-digital syndrome type Ⅰ(OFDSⅠ).Method:A child with OFDSⅠ who received treatment at the Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University in March 2023 was selected as the study subject. A retrospective research method was used to collect the clinical data of the child. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the child, her parents and sister. Genomic DNA was extracted, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Candidate variants were validated using Sanger sequencing for familial verification. According to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants developed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereinafter referred to as the " ACMG Guidelines" ), the pathogenicity of the candidate variant was rated. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Ningbo University Affiliated Women and Children′s Hospital (Ethic No.: EC 2024-063).Results:The child was a prematurely born female with deformities of the oral cavity, fingers, and toes. She was admitted to the Neonatal Department of the Hospital where she was born due to shortness of breath 15 minutes after birth. The WES results indicated that the child has harbored a heterozygous c. 710dup(p.Y238Vfs*2) frameshifting variant of the OFD1 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that neither of the child′s parents nor her sister had carried the same variant. According to the ACMG guidelines, the variant was rated as pathogenic (PVS1+ PS4_Moderate+ PM2-Supporting+ PM6_Supporting+ PP4). Conclusion:Children with OFDSⅠ have clinical features such as oral, finger, and toe deformities. The c. 710dup(p.Y238Vfs*2) variant of the OFD1 gene probably underlay the OFDSⅠ in this child. Above result has enriched the mutational spectrum of the OFD1 gene.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the attention and interpretation therapy based on Swanson′s caring theory in adolescents with epilepsy, aiming to reduce negative emotions and improve self-management levels in children.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental research. A convenience sampling method was used to select 78 adolescents with epilepsy who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children′s Hospital) from March 1 to August 31, 2023. The participants were assigned into two groups, the control group ( n=39) and the intervention group ( n=39), using a random number table. The control group received standard anti-epileptic treatment and routine nursing care, while the intervention group received the same treatment and care with the addition of a caring team providing attention and interpretation therapy based on Swanson′s caring theory. Assessments were made at three time points: before the intervention, 4 weeks after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21), Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS), and Pediaric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Methods (PedsQL TM4.0) were used to assess the participants′ scores. Results:In the control group, 23 were male and 16 were female, with aged of (13.49 ± 1.43) years. In the intervention group, 24 were male and 15 were female, with aged of (13.51 ± 1.45) years. After 4 weeks of intervention, the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress on the DASS-21 for the intervention group were (9.32 ± 2.04), (6.79 ± 2.44), and (13.63 ± 2.67), respectively, which were lower than those of the control group: (10.43 ± 2.27), (8.43 ± 2.75) and (16.05 ± 3.32); the scores of ESMS and PedsQL TM4.0 in the intervention group were (66.66 ± 10.87) and (73.63 ± 9.85), respectively, which were higher than those of the control group: (60.70 ± 10.24) and (67.27 ± 12.33), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -2.47 to 3.49, all P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the scores on the DASS-21 for the intervention group were (5.47 ± 1.66), (3.37 ± 1.68) and (8.42 ± 2.24) for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group: (8.03 ± 1.98), (6.06 ± 2.64) and (11.28 ± 3.21) ;the scores for ESMS and PedsQL TM4.0 in the intervention group were (74.66 ± 9.15) and (85.24 ± 7.00), respectively, which were higher than those of the control group: (65.36 ± 10.86) and (75.67 ± 11.39), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -4.33 to 6.03, all P<0.05). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences in the DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress scores, ESMS, and PedsQL TM4.0 scores across the different time points ( F values ranged from 4.65 to 1 134.03, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Attention and interpretation therapy based on Swanson′s caring theory can effectively reduce negative emotions in adolescents with epilepsy, improve their self-management skills, and further enhance their quality of life.

Objective:To explore the application effect of nursing coordination process based on healthcare failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) management in the treatment of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), so as to improve clinical treatment efficiency.Methods:In this prospective cohort study, STEMI patients requiring emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) admitted to the Department of Emergency, Subei People′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province from January to May 2024 were selected by random sampling method. According to the admission time, patients were divided into control group (from January to February 2024, received routine emergency process) and experimental group (from April to May 2024, received nursing coordination process based on HFMEA management). The triage evaluation time, reception time, reporting time of the first electrocardiogram, coming out time of troponin T results, improvement time of preoperative preparation, treatment effect (length of hospital stay, success rate of treatment, nosocomial mortality) and emergency physicians′ satisfaction with nursing work in the two groups were compared.Results:In the 100 STEMI patients, there were 48 cases in the control group, with 23 males and 25 females, aged (61.64 ± 4.37) years old. There were 52 cases in the experimental group, with 26 males and 26 females, aged (62.11 ± 4.61) years old. The triage evaluation time, reception time, reporting time of the first electrocardiogram, coming out time of troponin T results and improvement time of preoperative preparation in the experimental group were (1.65 ± 0.57), (2.46 ± 0.57), (7.58 ± 1.32), (16.43 ± 2.16), (46.18 ± 3.94) min, shorter than (2.48 ± 0.69), (3.41 ± 0.63), (10.69 ± 1.24), (18.66 ± 2.37), (54.37 ± 4.11) min in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 4.92-12.12, all P<0.05). The length of hospital stay and nosocomial mortality in the experimental group were (10.16 ± 2.34) d, 3.85% (2/52), lower than (12.38 ± 2.09) d, 16.67% (8/48) in the control group, and success rate of treatment was 90.38% (47/52), higher than 75.00% (36/48) in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.99, χ2=4.56, 4.19, all P<0.05). The emergency physicians′ satisfaction with nursing work in the experimental group was (79.43 ± 6.00) points, higher than (64.44 ± 6.54) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t=11.95, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nursing coordination process based on HFMEA management can effectively improve emergency efficiency in STEMI patients, shorten emergency time and reduce nosocomial mortality.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of Legionella pneumophila(L.pneumophila)infection inhibiting the fusion of endosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages.Methods Twelve C57 mice were randomly divided into control group and L.pneumophila infection group(n=6 each).After anesthesia,an equal volume of physiological saline or L.pneumophila solution was administered nasally.Body weight changes were monitored for 3 consecutive days,and the lungs were extracted to assess injury.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the pathological characteristics of lung tissue in both groups.Transcriptome sequencing was utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and associated signaling pathways in lung tissues.Mouse bone marrow macrophages(BMDMs)were isolated and co-cultured with L.pneumophila,with infection status confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze DEGs and enriched related signaling pathways before and after infection.Core genes involved in the post-infection signaling pathway were identified,and the consistency of their mRNA expression levels in vivo and in vitro was verified using RT-qPCR.The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western Blotting,and bacterial proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate the intracellular replication of L.pneumophila.Results Compared with control group,the body weight of mice in L.pneumophila infection group significantly decreased(P<0.001)on the second and third day post-infection.Edema and red hepatoid degeneration were observed in both left and right lung tissues,with lesion areas spreading from the hilum to the lung periphery.HE staining revealed increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveolar spaces,thickening of alveolar septa and increased fibrin exudation in L.pneumophila infection group.Immunohistochemistry results showed a significant increase in myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in the lung tissue infected mice(P<0.001).Transcriptome sequencing identified 2550 DEGs,with 1444 up-regulated genes and 1106 down-regulated genes.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in pathways related to tumor necrosis factor,rheumatoid arthritis,Rap1,PI3K-Ak,and phagosome pathways.Immunofluorescence results showed in vitro proliferation of L.pneumophila within mouse BMDMs.Transcriptome sequencing identified 2550 DEGs,including 1677 up-regulated genes and 873 down-regulated genes.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that enrichment in pathway related to transcription dysregulation in cancer,PI3K-Akt and phagosome pathways.Thirteen core genes,including tubulin β1(Tubb1),were identified from the overlap between mouse lung tissue and BMDMs.RT-qPCR results demonstrated a significant decrease in Tubb1 expression in both lung tissue and BMDMs infected with L.pneumophila(P<0.001).Western Blotting results revealed significant decreases in Rab7,Tubb1,and LAMP2 protein expression(P<0.05),and increases in iNOS and MPO expression(P<0.05).Intracellular proliferation experiments indicated that L.pneumophila gradually increased within BMDMs over time.Conclusion The potential mechanism of L.pneumophila infection in mouse macrophages involves the down-regulation of Rab7/Tubb1/LAMP2 which inhibits the endosome-lysosome fusion.

Objective To analyze the results of ultrasonic examinations of hip joints in preterm infants,clarify the developmental characteristics of hip joints across different gestational ages.Meth-ods A total of 881 preterm infants who attended the Child Healthcare Outpatient Clinic of Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2023 and April 2024 were enrolled.The first ultrasonic examination of the hip joints was performed at a corrected gestational age of 4 to 6 weeks.The Graf classification method was employed to categorize the ultrasonic findings.Differences in hip joint development among preterm infants of varying gestational ages were compared,and rele-vant influencing factors were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1,762 hip joints were exam-ined,with 30 cases of abnormal hip joints detected,yielding an abnormality detection rate of 3.4％(30/881).Among these,26 hips were classified as type Ⅱa and 8 as type Ⅱb.Statistically signifi-cant differences were observed in the detection of left-sided abnormal hip joints between preterm in-fants of other gestational age groups and late preterm infants(P＜0.05).A statistically significant difference was found in the classification of right-sided hip joints between preterm infants of different genders(P＜0.05),while no significant difference was observed for left-sided hip joints(P＞0.05).Statistically significant differences were noted in the detection rates of bilateral abnormal hip joints among preterm infants with varying birth weights(P＜0.05).Advanced maternal age was found to influence the development of left-sided hip joints inpreterm infants,whereas factors such as assisted reproductive technology,breech presentation,and nulliparity had no significant impacts on abnormal hip joint development in preterm infants.Conclusion Ultrasonic technology demonstrates signifi-cant advantages in screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)in preterm infants.Dif-ferent gestational ages exert a notable influence on the development of left-sided hip joints in preterm infants.Female preterm infants exhibit a higher risk of right-sided hip joint abnormalities compared to the left side.Breech presentation,assisted reproductive technology,and nulliparity are not risk factors for DDH in preterm infants.However,higher birth weight in preterm infants and advanced maternal age are associated with abnormal hip joint development.Clinical attention should focus on high-risk factors,and enhanced dynamic ultrasonic monitoring of hip joints in preterm infants is war-ranted to facilitate early intervention and treatment.

Objective:To explore the actor-partner effect of parenting stress and parenting efficacy on children's anger-aggression and anxiety-withdrawal.Methods:A questionnaire survey measuring parenting stress, parenting efficacy and children's social and behavioral problems was conducted among 525 parents of 2-5-year-old children in five kindergartens and parent-child kindergartens in Hunan, Jiangxi and Hainan provinces during April, 2023.The descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted by SPSS 27.0, the mediation analyses were done with Mplus 7.4, and the actor-partner effect was analyzed by the Web-based program APIM_SEM.Results:(1) Father's parenting stress(3.22±0.67) and mother's parenting stress(2.91±1.02) were significantly related to children's anger-aggression(2.59±1.01) ( rfather=0.31, P<0.01; rmother=0.52, P<0.01) and anxiety-withdrawal(2.64±0.97) ( rfather=0.28, P<0.01; rmother=0.50, P<0.01). (2) Mother's parenting stress negatively predicted maternal parenting efficacy( β=-0.19, P<0.01) and paternal parenting efficacy( β=-0.08, P<0.05), while father's parenting stress negatively predicted paternal parenting efficacy ( β=-0.31, P<0.01) and maternal parenting efficacy ( β=-0.17, P<0.01). Regarding the actor-partner effect, maternal parenting efficacy was dual-mode and paternal parenting efficacy was mixed-mode. (3) The mediation tests showed that, maternal parenting efficacy acted as a partial mediator between maternal parenting stress and children's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal, the effects were 0.037(95% CI=0.021-0.056), 0.058(95% CI=0.040-0.078), as well as between paternal parenting stress and children's anger-attack(0.022(95% CI=0.008-0.039)), and anxiety-withdrawal (0.034(95% CI=0.014-0.056)).The paternal parenting efficacy played partial mediation between paternal parenting stress and children's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal, the mediation effects were 0.039(95% CI=0.020-0.061) and 0.032(95% CI=0.016-0.052), as well as between maternal parenting stress and children's anger-attack(0.016(95% CI=0.003-0.031)), and anxiety-withdrawal (0.013(95% CI=0.002-0.027)). Conclusion:The parenting stress significantly increase children's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal behavior. Parenting stress of fathers and mothers indirectly leads to the increase of children's negative emotions and behaviors by weakening the parenting efficacy of themselves and their partners.