ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of salidroside （SAL） on the impaired bioactivity of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） in atherosclerotic （As） mice and the potential mechanisms regarding AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）. MethodsAtherosclerosis was induced in 8-week-old male ApoE^-/- mice with high-fat diet. Intragastric administration of SAL was given to one mice group to investigate the effects of SAL on aortic plaque burden， plasma NO level， the migration and angiogenic capabilities of bone marrow-derived EPCs （BM-EPCs）. The proliferation， migration and vasculogenic properties of EPCs isolated from As mice were investigated in vitro. AMPK-sh-RNA or the AMPK inhibitor Compound C was used to investigate the role of AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway in the regulatory effects of SAL. ResultsCompared with As group， NO level was significantly elevated in SAL group. The sizes of atherosclerotic plaques at the aortic root were reduced with smaller lipid cores in SAL group compared with As group. Moreover， the migration and angiogenesis capacity of EPCs markedly decreased in As mice， while SAL treatment reversed these impairments. Incubation with SAL at concentrations of 20， 40， and 80 μmol/L for 48 hours significantly promoted the proliferation， migration， and angiogenesis of EPCs. AMPK-sh-RNA transfection abrogated the 20 μmol/L SAL improvement in EPC biological activities. Western blot analysis further demonstrated that treatment with Compound C blocked the activation of AMPK/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway induced by SAL. ConclusionSAL upregulates the biological functions of EPCs through activating the AMPK/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway， thereby ameliorating EPC dysfunction during the pathological progression of atherosclerosis.

AIM To investigate the effects of Gan Jiang-Huang Qin-Huang Lian-Ren Shen Decoction(GJHQHLRSD)on the pyroptosis,pathway of colonic epithelial cells in mouse models of ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS Among the 63 C57BL/6J mice,13 were randomly selected and assigned to the model group,and the others were divided into the control group,the positive Sulfasalazine Enteric-Coated Tablets group(0.6 g/kg),and low,medium,and high dose GJHQHLRSD groups(3.9,7.8,15.6 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group.The UC mouse model was established using DSS,and the corresponding drugs were administered by gavage.The mice had their general condition observed;their disease activity index(DAI)score assessed;their colon length measured;their histopathological damage of the colon analyzed using HE staining;their colonic IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-α levels measured by ELISA method;their colonic NLRP3,GSDMD,pro-IL-1β,pro-caspase-1,and IL-1βprotein expression detected by Western blot method;and their cell pyroptosis detected by TUNEL and GSDMD fluorescence double staining.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group exhibited significant decrease in body weight and a shortened colon length(P＜0.01);increases in DAI score,levels of IL-1β,IL-8,TNF-α,as well as the protein expressions of NLRP3,GSDMD,and active-caspase-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);significant increase of colonic GSDMD and TUNEL positivity;indicating increased tissue damage and inflammatory response.Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with GJHQHLRSD showed a significant increase in body weight and colonic elongation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreases in DAI score,levels of IL-1β,IL-8,TNF-α,as well as the protein expressions of NLRP3,GSDMD,and active-caspase-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);a gradient decrease in positivity of GSDMD and TUNEL;indicating a significantly reduced colonic pathological damage.CONCLUSION GJHQHLRSD can improve the DSS-induced inflammatory reaction of colonic mucosa in UC mice,and its mechanism mainly involves the NLRP3/caspase-1,thereby the regulation of the cell pyroptosis process.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of research on the application of mobile health technology in patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery, providing a reference for related practice.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Wanfang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc were searched using terms including mobile, smart, remote, internet, bariatric, and metabolic. The search timeframe was from database inception to October 30, 2024. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature was screened, and two researchers independently extracted, summarized, and analyzed the information.Results:A total of 31 studies were included. Mobile health technology was mainly applied in the form of smartphone applications for patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery. The main content included postoperative dietary management, exercise guidance, and health data monitoring. The main evaluation elements involved effectiveness (behavioral change and weight loss outcomes, readmission rate, quality of life, psychological status, adherence, and economic benefits) and patient satisfaction.Conclusions:Currently, mobile health technology is mainly used via smartphone applications to manage diet and exercise for postoperative bariatric patients. It can improve postoperative weight loss outcomes, reduce negative emotions, enhance adherence, and achieve good self-management. In the future, multidisciplinary teams should be established to conduct large-scale high-quality studies, continuously improve the forms and content of mobile health management, and implement comprehensive preoperative and postoperative management for bariatric patients.

Objective:To observe the effect of Guilu Taohong Formula on semen quality in varicocele(VC)models of rats,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(sham group,model group,Guilu Taohong Formula group and L-carnitine group).After the establishment of models,the rats were treated with intra-gastric administration for eight consecutive weeks.The general condition of the rats was observed.After the gavage,the testicular and epididymal indices were calculated.Semen quality was assessed using an automatic semen analyzer.Apoptosis of testicular cells was assessed by TUNEL staining.And the expression levels of B-cell lymphocytoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and cys-teine aspartate protease-3(caspase-3)in testicular tissue were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the sham group,testicular index,epididymal index,sperm concentration,the percentage of progressive motility of sperm(PR％)and the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased in model group(P＜0.01).An increased apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells and the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 proteins were observed in model group as well(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the testicular index,epidid-ymal index,sperm concentration,PR％and the expression level of Bcl-2 in Guilu Taohong Formula group increased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).A decreased apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells and the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 proteins were de-tected in Guilu Taohong Formula group as well(P＜0.01).Similarly,the L-carnitine group showed increased testicular index,epidid-ymal index,sperm concentration,PR％and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),where showed decreased ap-optosis rate of spermatogenic cells and the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 proteins compared with model group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Guilu Taohong Formula improves semen quality in VC model rats and reduces the apoptosis rate of spermato-genic cells in testicular tissue,which may be related to the promotion of Bcl-2 protein expression and the inhibition of Bax and caspase-3 protein expression levels.

Objective:To explore the risk fall death associated with compound hot extremes.Methods:This study collected data on fall deaths in Guangdong, Hunan, and Zhejiang Provinces from 2013 to 2018 and matched their exposure to meteorological data. Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, a conditional logistic regression model embedded with a cross-basis function of the distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to estimate the risk of fall to death due to compound hot extremes.Results:Compared with regular days, compound hot extremes significantly increased the risk of death from falls ( OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.30), and women ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.11-1.45) and the elderly age 65 and above ( OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.12-1.39) were more sensitive to compound hot extremes. The maximum duration of compound hot extremes was 7 days, and the maximum intensity was 6.2 ℃, and the duration and intensity were proportional to the risk of death from falls. The risk of death from falls increased by 12% ( OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.18) each day, increasing in duration after linearization. The risk of death from falls increased by 16% ( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.10-1.22) for each 1 ℃ increase in linearized intensity. Conclusion:Compound hot extremes increase the risk of death cases from falls.

Objective:To explore the early diagnostic value and related mechanism of Lnc-IL7R/Jumonji domain-containing protein 3(Jmjd3)/keratinocyte growth factor(KGF)axis in inflammatory injury of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods:① RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,KGF mRNA and protein levels,as well as trimethyl-ation of histone H3 at lysine 27(H3K27)me3 protein level in serum of ARDS patients;ELISA was used to detect IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α levels in serum.② Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns(MTDs)was used to stimulate HBE cells and create traumatic ARDS cell model.HBE cells were divided into control group,model group(MTDs group),overexpression Lnc-IL7R group(Lnc-IL7R group),overexpression control group(NC group),overexpression Lnc-IL7R+overexpression Jmjd3 group(Lnc-IL7R+Jm-jd3 group).Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)was used to detect Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α histone methylation levels in pro-moter region;qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,KGF,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA and protein levels,as well as H3K27me3 protein level.③ Injection of MTDs into tail vein of mice was used to create traumatic ARDS mice model.Eighty mice were divided into control group,MTDs group,Lnc-IL7R group,NC group and Lnc-IL7R+Jmjd3 group,with sixteen mice in each group.HE staining was used to detect pathological damage in lung tissue;ChIP and RT-qPCR were used to detect Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α histone methylation levels in the promoter region and mRNA levels;ELISA was used to detect IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α protein levels in BALF;Western blot was used to detect Jmjd3,KGF,H3K27me3 protein levels in lung tissue;immunohisto-chemical staining was used to detect surfactant protein C(SPC)and surfactant protein D(SPD)protein levels in lung tissue.Results:①Compared with healthy individuals,Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,KGF mRNA and protein levels,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α protein levels in serum of ARDS patients were significant increased,while H3K27me3 protein level was significant decreased(P<0.05).②Compared with control group,Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α histone methylation levels in the promoter region,H3K27me3 protein level in HBE of MTDs group were significant decreased,while Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,KGF,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA and protein levels,Lnc-IL7R were significant increased(P<0.05);after overexpression of Lnc-IL7R,Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α histone methylation levels in the promoter region,KGF mRNA and protein levels,H3K27me3 protein level were significant increased,Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue and BALF were significant decreased(P<0.05);overexpression of Jmjd3 could partially reverse the effects of overexpression of Lnc-IL7R on the above indicators(P<0.05).③Compared with Control group,Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α histone methylation levels in the promoter region,H3K27me3 protein level in lung tissue of MTDs group were significant decreased,while Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,KGF,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA and protein levels,H3K27me3,SPC,SPD protein levels in lung tissue and BALF were significant increased(P<0.05);after overexpression of Lnc-IL7R,Lnc-IL7R,Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α histone methylation levels in the promoter region,KGF mRNA and protein levels,H3K27me3,SPC,SPD protein levels in lung tissue were significant increased,while Jmjd3,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue and BALF were significant decreased(P<0.05);overexpression of Jmjd3 could partially reverse the effects of overexpression of Lnc-IL7R on the above indicators(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lnc-IL7R/Jmjd3/KGF axis participates in inflammation regulation and alveolar epithelial cell injury repair in ARDS by regulating histone methylation modifications in the promoter region.Lnc-IL7R/Jmjd3/KGF can be used for early diagnosis of ARDS.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of upper limb rehabilitation robot training combined with intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS)on upper limb motor and neurological function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods This study retrospectively consecutive enrolled 46 stroke hemiparetic patients from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Nanjing Pukou People's Hospital.The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group(23patients in each)using a random number table.Baseline data,including sex,age,disease duration,side of hemiplegia,and stroke type,were collected from patients enrolled.All patients received conventional treatment.The control group received upper limb rehabilitation robot training combined with iTBS sham stimulation(coil placed perpendicular to the skull),while the experimental group received upper limb rehabilitation robot training combined with iTBS real stimulation(coil placed parallel to the skull).Both groups underwent treatment for 3 weeks.Upper limb motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity(FMA-UE)scale and Wolf motor function test(WMFT);while neurological function was evaluated using the motor-evoked potentials(MEP)latency,amplitude,and central motor conduction time(CMCT)of the affected thumb abductor muscle.Activities of daily living were assessed using the modified Barthel index(MBI).Results(1)No significant differences in baseline data were found between the two groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Before treatment,the FMA-UE and WMFT scores in the experimental group were 27.48±7.87 and 28.22±3.87,respectively;and in the control group were 26.35±4.78 and 28.35±3.33,respectively;there were no significant differences in both FMA-UE and WMFT scores between the two groups(all P＞0.05).After 3weeks of treatment,the FMA-UE and WMFT scores in the experimental group were 40.35±8.96 and 37.74±4.11,respectively;and in the control group were 32.78±4.50 and 32.57±4.11,respectively;there were significant interaction effects of time and group(Ftime×group values of 19.613 and 31.522,both P＜0.01),main effects of group(Fgroup values of 5.401 and 5.897,both P＜0.05),and main effects of time(Ftime values of 176.516 and 211.478,both P＜0.01).(3)Before treatment,the MEP latency,amplitude,and CMCT in the experimental group were(24.39±3.56)ms,(137.77±42.67)μV,and(10.62±2.76)ms,respectively;and in the control group were(24.64±2.77)ms,(136.74±48.77)μV,and(10.73±1.84)ms,respectively,there were no significant differences between the two groups(all P＞0.05).After 3weeks of treatment,the MEP latency,amplitude,and CMCT in the experimental group were(20.39±1.83)ms,(239.91±43.70)μV,and(6.58±1.23)ms,respectively,and in the control group were(22.53±3.53)ms,(198.54±50.37)μV,and(9.19±1.60)ms,respectively,there were significant interaction effects of time and group(Ftime×group values of 7.270,15.554,and 20.110,all P＜0.05)and main effects of time(Ftime values of 76.540,256.706,and 100.629,all P＜0.01),the main effect of group for CMCT was significant(Fgroup=7.406,P＜0.01),but there were no significant difference in the main effect of group on MEP latency,amplitude between two groups(Fgroup values of 2.145,2.778,both P＞0.05).(4)Before treatment,the MBI score in the experimental group was 42.83±7.36,and in the control group was 43.91±6.56,with no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).After 3 weeks of treatments,the MBI score in the experimental group was 67.83±12.69,and in the control group was 54.13±5.57,there were significant interaction effects of time and group(Ftime×group=39.862,P＜0.01),main effects of group(Fgroup=8.083,P=0.007),and main effects of time(Ftime=226.241,P＜0.01).Conclusions Upper limb rehabilitation robot training combined with iTBS can improve upper limb motor function and neurological function and enhance the daily living activity ability of stroke patients.Real iTBS combined with robot training has a more significant effect than sham iTBS.

AIM To investigate the effects of Gan Jiang-Huang Qin-Huang Lian-Ren Shen Decoction(GJHQHLRSD)on the pyroptosis,pathway of colonic epithelial cells in mouse models of ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS Among the 63 C57BL/6J mice,13 were randomly selected and assigned to the model group,and the others were divided into the control group,the positive Sulfasalazine Enteric-Coated Tablets group(0.6 g/kg),and low,medium,and high dose GJHQHLRSD groups(3.9,7.8,15.6 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group.The UC mouse model was established using DSS,and the corresponding drugs were administered by gavage.The mice had their general condition observed;their disease activity index(DAI)score assessed;their colon length measured;their histopathological damage of the colon analyzed using HE staining;their colonic IL-1β,IL-8,and TNF-α levels measured by ELISA method;their colonic NLRP3,GSDMD,pro-IL-1β,pro-caspase-1,and IL-1βprotein expression detected by Western blot method;and their cell pyroptosis detected by TUNEL and GSDMD fluorescence double staining.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group exhibited significant decrease in body weight and a shortened colon length(P＜0.01);increases in DAI score,levels of IL-1β,IL-8,TNF-α,as well as the protein expressions of NLRP3,GSDMD,and active-caspase-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);significant increase of colonic GSDMD and TUNEL positivity;indicating increased tissue damage and inflammatory response.Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with GJHQHLRSD showed a significant increase in body weight and colonic elongation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreases in DAI score,levels of IL-1β,IL-8,TNF-α,as well as the protein expressions of NLRP3,GSDMD,and active-caspase-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);a gradient decrease in positivity of GSDMD and TUNEL;indicating a significantly reduced colonic pathological damage.CONCLUSION GJHQHLRSD can improve the DSS-induced inflammatory reaction of colonic mucosa in UC mice,and its mechanism mainly involves the NLRP3/caspase-1,thereby the regulation of the cell pyroptosis process.

Protrusive facial deformities, characterized by the forward displacement of the teeth and/or jaws beyond the normal range, affect a considerable portion of the population. The manifestations and morphological mechanisms of protrusive facial deformities are complex and diverse, requiring orthodontists to possess a high level of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the relevant orthodontic field. To further optimize the correction of protrusive facial deformities, this consensus proposes that the morphological mechanisms and diagnosis of protrusive facial deformities should be analyzed and judged from multiple dimensions and factors to accurately formulate treatment plans. It emphasizes the use of orthodontic strategies, including jaw growth modification, tooth extraction or non-extraction for anterior teeth retraction, and maxillofacial vertical control. These strategies aim to reduce anterior teeth and lip protrusion, increase chin prominence, harmonize nasolabial and chin-lip relationships, and improve the facial profile of patients with protrusive facial deformities. For severe skeletal protrusive facial deformities, orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment may be suggested. This consensus summarizes the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of numerous renowned oral experts nationwide, offering reference strategies for the correction of protrusive facial deformities.
Humans ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Patient Care Planning ; Cephalometry

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization