Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, and prognosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) complicating childhood rheumatic diseases.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed on the demographic data, laboratory indicators, imaging features, treatment regimens, and follow-up data of 8 children with rheumatic diseases complicated by PE who were admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to October 2023.Results:Among the 8 children, there were 4 boys and 4 girls, with an age of 12.0 (7.5, 13.0) years. Among the primary diseases, there were 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 cases of Beh?et′s disease, 2 cases of Takayasu arteritis, and 1 case of antiphospholipid syndrome. All children developed PE during the active phase of the primary disease. PE was detected at the onset of the primary disease in 3 cases, and the median time from the diagnosis of the primary disease to the development of PE was 10.0 (6.0, 25.0) months in the remaining 5 cases. Fever was present in all 8 children, 4 cases were accompanied by chest tightness, dyspnea, etc., and 2 cases only presented with fever. Laboratory examinations revealed the following results: erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 42.0 (17.0, 78.0) mm/1 h, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 12.7 (2.6, 78.7) mg/L, white blood cell count was 9.6 (7.2, 18.7)×10 9/L; D-dimer was 2.3 (0.9, 6.2) mg/L; and hemoglobin was (109±16) g/L.Imaging examinations revealed that 5 cases had involvement of the bilateral lower pulmonary arteries, 5 cases had peripheral embolism, and 3 cases had central PE. Complications included 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis, 2 cases of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, and 1 case of mild pulmonary hypertension.In terms of treatment, 7 cases received anticoagulation with heparin followed by warfarin. Immunomodulation was mainly based on glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants, and 4 cases were combined with biological agents. The follow-up time of 4.17 (1.75, 7.17) years, the time for complete absorption of PE was 10.5 (6.0, 18.0) months; all 8 children had no target events, with no recurrence or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and the pulmonary artery remodeling was good. Conclusions:PE complicating childhood rheumatic diseases is closely related to the activity of the primary disease. The clinical manifestations are insidious, with fever as the main symptom. Imaging examination is the key to diagnosis.Early adoption of heparin followed by warfarin anticoagulation and glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants and (or) biological agents to control the primary disease can achieve a favorable prognosis.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, and prognosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) complicating childhood rheumatic diseases.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed on the demographic data, laboratory indicators, imaging features, treatment regimens, and follow-up data of 8 children with rheumatic diseases complicated by PE who were admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to October 2023.Results:Among the 8 children, there were 4 boys and 4 girls, with an age of 12.0 (7.5, 13.0) years. Among the primary diseases, there were 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 cases of Beh?et′s disease, 2 cases of Takayasu arteritis, and 1 case of antiphospholipid syndrome. All children developed PE during the active phase of the primary disease. PE was detected at the onset of the primary disease in 3 cases, and the median time from the diagnosis of the primary disease to the development of PE was 10.0 (6.0, 25.0) months in the remaining 5 cases. Fever was present in all 8 children, 4 cases were accompanied by chest tightness, dyspnea, etc., and 2 cases only presented with fever. Laboratory examinations revealed the following results: erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 42.0 (17.0, 78.0) mm/1 h, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was 12.7 (2.6, 78.7) mg/L, white blood cell count was 9.6 (7.2, 18.7)×10 9/L; D-dimer was 2.3 (0.9, 6.2) mg/L; and hemoglobin was (109±16) g/L.Imaging examinations revealed that 5 cases had involvement of the bilateral lower pulmonary arteries, 5 cases had peripheral embolism, and 3 cases had central PE. Complications included 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis, 2 cases of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, and 1 case of mild pulmonary hypertension.In terms of treatment, 7 cases received anticoagulation with heparin followed by warfarin. Immunomodulation was mainly based on glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants, and 4 cases were combined with biological agents. The follow-up time of 4.17 (1.75, 7.17) years, the time for complete absorption of PE was 10.5 (6.0, 18.0) months; all 8 children had no target events, with no recurrence or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and the pulmonary artery remodeling was good. Conclusions:PE complicating childhood rheumatic diseases is closely related to the activity of the primary disease. The clinical manifestations are insidious, with fever as the main symptom. Imaging examination is the key to diagnosis.Early adoption of heparin followed by warfarin anticoagulation and glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants and (or) biological agents to control the primary disease can achieve a favorable prognosis.

Objective To prepare virus-like particles (VLPs) for yellow fever virus (YFV) using the pACYCDuet-1 single-plasmid dual expression system. Methods Gene fragments including NS1, NS5, and 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' UTR fragment of YFV were cloned into the expression plasmid pACYCDuet-1-MS2-TMpac (carrying MS2 coat protein gene) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) for expression. VLPs were observed by TEM. After DNase I/RNase A digestion, RNA was extracted and transcribed into cDNA, which was subjected to fluorescence quantitative PCR detection. Results According to SN/T 3560-2013, double digestion and colony PCR of pACYCDuet-1-MS2-TMpac-YFV both produced expected bands. SDS-PAGE showed a target band at 25-35 kDa. RT-PCR amplified VLPs after enzyme digestion, and TEM revealed VLPs with clear edges and translucent interiors. Thus, the plasmid was successfully constructed, and the phage coat protein packaged YFV genes with nuclease resistance. Conclusion VLPs containing specific gene fragments of yellow fever virus have been successfully prepared. These nuclease-resistant VLPs can serve as safe and stable quality control materials to ensure the reliability of laboratory detection for YFV.

Chikungunya fever is spreading continuously worldwide，posing a growing public health challenge alongside other arboviral diseases. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics of chikungunya fever，analyzes the pandemic potential of Aedes mosquito-borne diseases and discusses integrated prevention and control strategies for China in the context of increasing importation risk，drawing on containment practices from multiple countries and regions.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the acceptance and influencing factors of self-collected urine samples for human papillomavirus(HPV)testing in cervical cancer screening among eligible women,and to provide scientific evidence for promoting this testing in low resource areas.Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shuangliu district,Chengdu City Sichuan Province.The study subjects were women aged 21 to 69 years old,and a customized questionnaire was used to conduct general information and acceptance surveys on the partic-ipants.Results A total of 2,062 women were included,with an average age of 51.58±9.34 years.Among them,1,501(72.79％)women believed that self-sampling urine was very easy.However,although 1,333(64.65％)women were still willing to accept doctor sampling as a cervical cancer screening method,only 729(35.35％)were more willing to accept self-sampling urine HPV testing.Age,educational level,annual household income,awareness of HPV,HPV vaccination status,and a sense of shame about the doctor's sampling process were all associated with the acceptance of self-collected urine HPV testing among women undergoing cervical cancer screening(P＜0.001).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older women(OR=0.965,95％CI:0.951-0.979)and those who were not familiar with HPV(OR=0.760,95％CI:0.602-0.961)were more likely to undergo self sampling urine HPV testing,while those with junior high school education(OR=1.330,95％CI:1.053-1.682),high school education or a-bove(OR=1.990,95％CI:1.401-2.827),and a sense of shame towards the doctor's sampling process(OR=2.314,95％CI:1.706-3.142)were more likely to undergo self sampling urine for HPV testing.Conclusions Most women believe that self sampling urine for HPV testing is very easy,but compared to doctor sampling,only some women choose to self sample urine for HPV testing.Key health education interventions should be carried out for older and lower educated populations to promote acceptance of urine HPV testing.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different types of tea intake and COVID-19 infection.Methods:Data were retrieved from a genome-wide association study(GWAS),involving 447 485,and 64 949 people for single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was used to investigate the relationship of different types of tea intake with four subgroups of COVID-19 infected population,including COVID-19 infected population versus general population,COVID-19 hospitalized population versus general population,COVID-19 hospitalized population versus non-hospitalized population,and very severe respiratory confirmed population versus general population.Inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the main method of causal analysis.MR Egger intercept was used for pleiotropy test,and Cochran's Q-statistic was used for heterogeneity test.Results:Compared to the general population,tea intake decreased the incidence of COVID-19 in the infection population(IVW method,OR=0.806,95%CI:0.651-0.999),and the hospitalized population(IVW method,OR=0.533,95%CI:0.369-0.770).Additionally,the underlying pleiotropy was not found following the MR-Egger regression intercept(MR intercept=-0.002,P=0.667),and the Cochran's Q-statistic showed no heterogeneity(Q-statistic=52.712,P=0.057).Compared to the general population,the underlying pleiotropy in the hospitalized patients was not found by MR-Egger regression intercept(MR intercept=-0.001,P=0.909),and the Cochran's Q-statistic showed no heterogeneity(Q-statistic=25.214,P=0.945).However,green tea and herbal tea had no effect on COVID-19 infection.Conclusions:Overall tea intake reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection in the general population compared to COVID-19 infected and hospitalized populations,while green tea and herbal tea have no protective effect against COVID-19 infection.

Objective To investigate the impact of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced DNA damage and senescence in lens epithelial cells(LECs)under oxidative stress conditions.Methods Fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technology was used to detect the mRNA expres-sion of HMGB1 in the anterior capsule tissue of patients with age-related cataract(ARC group)and epiretinal membrane(control group).Western blot analysis was employed to examine the changes in the protein expression of HMGB1 in the LEC line SRA01/04 after treatment with varying concentrations of H2O2(0,100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1).The optimal concentration was selected for subsequent establishment of a cellular oxidative damage model.The cultured SRA01/04 cells were divided into three groups:Control(untreated),HA(transfected with the control plasmid HA),and OE-HMGB1 groups(transfected with the HMGB1 plasmid).The mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The cultured SRA01/04 cells were divided into three groups:H2O2(treated with 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2),H2O2+HA(transfected with the control plasmid HA and simultaneously treated with 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2),and H2O2+OE-HMGB1 groups(transfected with the HMGB1 plasmid and simultaneously treated with 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2).Immunofluorescence was used to detect DNA oxidative damage in cells from each group.Western blot analysis was per-formed to assess the protein expression levels of phosphorylated histone H2A(γH2A),tumor protein p53(P53),cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(P21),and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(P16)in cells from each group.Additional-ly,senescence-associated-β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining was conducted to detect senescent changes in cells from each group.Results RT-PCR results indicated that the relative mRNA expression level of HMGB1 in the anterior capsule tissue of the ARC group was significantly decreased,compared with that in the control group(P＜0.001).Furthermore,in the H2O2-induced oxidative damage model,the relative protein expression level of HMGB1 decreased with the increase of the concentration of H2O2.Both RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 were both significantly elevated in the OE-HMGB1 group,compared with those in the HA group(both P＜0.001).The immunofluorescence staining results demonstrated that the protein expression of γH2A and the fluorescence intensity in the H2O2+OE-HMGB1 group were significantly decreases,compared with those in H2O2 and H2O2+HA groups(all P＜0.001).SA-β-gal staining results showed that the H2O2+OE-HMGB1 group had significantly less cells stained by SA-β-gal than H2O2 and H2O2+HA(both P＜0.001).Additionally,Western blot analysis revealed that,compared with those in H2O2 and H2O2+HA groups,the relative expression levels of senescence-associated proteins P53,P21,and P16 were significantly decreased in the H2O2+OE-HMGB1 group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HMGB1 inhibits the accumula-tion of damaging DNA and senescence in LECs by enhancing DNA damage repair capabilities.

Objective To investigate the impact of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced DNA damage and senescence in lens epithelial cells(LECs)under oxidative stress conditions.Methods Fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technology was used to detect the mRNA expres-sion of HMGB1 in the anterior capsule tissue of patients with age-related cataract(ARC group)and epiretinal membrane(control group).Western blot analysis was employed to examine the changes in the protein expression of HMGB1 in the LEC line SRA01/04 after treatment with varying concentrations of H2O2(0,100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1).The optimal concentration was selected for subsequent establishment of a cellular oxidative damage model.The cultured SRA01/04 cells were divided into three groups:Control(untreated),HA(transfected with the control plasmid HA),and OE-HMGB1 groups(transfected with the HMGB1 plasmid).The mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The cultured SRA01/04 cells were divided into three groups:H2O2(treated with 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2),H2O2+HA(transfected with the control plasmid HA and simultaneously treated with 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2),and H2O2+OE-HMGB1 groups(transfected with the HMGB1 plasmid and simultaneously treated with 400 μmol·L-1 H2O2).Immunofluorescence was used to detect DNA oxidative damage in cells from each group.Western blot analysis was per-formed to assess the protein expression levels of phosphorylated histone H2A(γH2A),tumor protein p53(P53),cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(P21),and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(P16)in cells from each group.Additional-ly,senescence-associated-β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining was conducted to detect senescent changes in cells from each group.Results RT-PCR results indicated that the relative mRNA expression level of HMGB1 in the anterior capsule tissue of the ARC group was significantly decreased,compared with that in the control group(P＜0.001).Furthermore,in the H2O2-induced oxidative damage model,the relative protein expression level of HMGB1 decreased with the increase of the concentration of H2O2.Both RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 were both significantly elevated in the OE-HMGB1 group,compared with those in the HA group(both P＜0.001).The immunofluorescence staining results demonstrated that the protein expression of γH2A and the fluorescence intensity in the H2O2+OE-HMGB1 group were significantly decreases,compared with those in H2O2 and H2O2+HA groups(all P＜0.001).SA-β-gal staining results showed that the H2O2+OE-HMGB1 group had significantly less cells stained by SA-β-gal than H2O2 and H2O2+HA(both P＜0.001).Additionally,Western blot analysis revealed that,compared with those in H2O2 and H2O2+HA groups,the relative expression levels of senescence-associated proteins P53,P21,and P16 were significantly decreased in the H2O2+OE-HMGB1 group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HMGB1 inhibits the accumula-tion of damaging DNA and senescence in LECs by enhancing DNA damage repair capabilities.

Chikungunya fever is spreading continuously worldwide，posing a growing public health challenge alongside other arboviral diseases. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics of chikungunya fever，analyzes the pandemic potential of Aedes mosquito-borne diseases and discusses integrated prevention and control strategies for China in the context of increasing importation risk，drawing on containment practices from multiple countries and regions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, risk factors, and prognosis of childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis (TAK) with pulmonary artery involvement.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 107 pediatric patients who were initially diagnosed with childhood-onset TAK at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Capital Center for Children′s Health, Capital Medical Universiy, from January 2010 to December 2024. Clinical data, including demographic information, imaging features, treatment regimens, and prognosis were collected. Patients were divided into with and without pulmonary artery involvement groups. Intergroup comparisons were performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for pulmonary artery involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis with Log-Rank testing was used for survival analyze.Results:Among 107 children with TAK, 26 were male, 81 were female, with a diagnosis age of 88 (5, 137) months. Sixteen cases were in the pulmonary artery involvement group and 91 cases in the non-pulmonary artery involvement group. The pulmonary artery involvement group was predominantly female (14 cases), with a diagnosis age of 39 (4, 104) months. The pulmonary artery involvement group had higher incidence rates of fatigue,pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,superior mesenteric artery involvement,as well as higher neutrophil counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (all P<0.05). Hemoglobin was lower in the pulmonary artery involvement group ( P<0.05). Imaging findings revealed that all 16 children in the pulmonary artery involvement group showed signs of pulmonary arterial wall thickening. Other manifestations included dilation in 2 cases, stenosis in 2 cases, and occlusion in 1 case. Unilateral involvement (12 cases) was more common, and the right pulmonary artery (10 cases) was more frequently affected. Independent risk factors for pulmonary artery involvement in childhood-onset TAK patients included superior mesenteric artery involvement ( OR=5.58, 95% CI 1.41-22.10, P=0.014) and elevated CRP levels ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P=0.027). During a follow-up of 3.9 (1.4,8.1) years, 2 patients with pulmonary artery involvement (all with pulmonary hypertension), among the survivors in the pulmonary artery involvement group, 2 cases still exhibited persistent pulmonary artery dilation, and one case had pulmonary artery occlusion; and 6 patients (6.6%) without pulmonary artery involvement died. Patients with pulmonary artery involvement had significantly lower survival rates compared to those without involvement ( P=0.024). Conclusions:Childhood-onset TAK with pulmonary artery involvement has an insidious clinical presentation, and can progress to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery occlusion, and a significantly reduced survival rate. Patients with mesenteric artery involvement or elevated CRP have higher risks of pulmonary artery involvement, requiring close pulmonary vascular monitoring and early intervention to improve prognosis.