and Relevance: This case is the first instance of using tracheal stenting to effectively manage tracheal stenosis in a cat, successfully resolving a respiratory emergency, and ensuring long-term care.

and Relevance: This case is the first instance of using tracheal stenting to effectively manage tracheal stenosis in a cat, successfully resolving a respiratory emergency, and ensuring long-term care.

and Relevance: This case is the first instance of using tracheal stenting to effectively manage tracheal stenosis in a cat, successfully resolving a respiratory emergency, and ensuring long-term care.

and Relevance: This case is the first instance of using tracheal stenting to effectively manage tracheal stenosis in a cat, successfully resolving a respiratory emergency, and ensuring long-term care.

Objective: The study explores the long-term impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in pediatric and adult mice, focusing on how age at injury influences these processes. Methods: Controlled cortical impacts were used to induce TBI in pediatric (21–25 days old) and adult (8–12 weeks old) C57BL/6 male mice. Neuroinflammation was evaluated by measuring immunoreactivity for allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1)/ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), while apoptosis was assessed using markers such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, and procaspase-3. Additionally, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression was measured to understand the stress response. Results: Following controlled cortical impacts, pediatric mice exhibited a significant reduction in expression of neuronal nuclei (P<0.001), and significant increases in expression of GFAP (P<0.01) and AIF-1/Iba-1 (P<0.05) at 3 days post-injury (DPI) compared with sham controls. In contrast, adult mice exhibited no significant change in AIF-1/Iba-1 expression and a less pronounced increase in GFAP (P<0.05) at 3 DPI compared with sham controls. A more significant increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at 7 DPI (P<0.01) was seen in pediatric mice, while a weak but significant increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at 7 DPI (P<0.05) was evident in adults. Both age groups showed a significant but transient increase in HSP70 levels at 7 DPI, which normalized by 90 DPI. Conclusion Pediatric and adult mice exhibited significant time-dependent differences in neuroinflammation and apoptosis following TBI, with pediatric mice showing more intense early responses indicative of age-specific vulnerabilities in post-injury outcomes. Both age groups showed a significant but transient increase in HSP70 expression, suggesting an acute response to stress post-injury.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate whether pediatric emergency practice has improved since the introduction of pediatric specialist care (PSC). Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted using the data retrieved from the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary university hospital in Cheongju, Korea. Patients younger than 19 years who visited the ED from January 2019 through December 2023 were enrolled in this study. Hospitalization (overall and intensive care unit [ICU]), in-hospital mortality, and return visit within 24 hours were compared between the periods before (January 2019-January 2021) and after (June 2021-December 2023) the introduction of PSC. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the outcomes using multivariable logistic regression. Results: During the study period, a total of 36,162 patients visited the ED. The visits increased from 12,196 before to 22,387 after the introduction of PSC (increase by 83.6%). Annual numbers of the visits have increased since 2020 and reached 10,942 in 2023. After the introduction of PSC, decreases were noted in the hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.72) and return visit within 24 hours (0.73; 0.61-0.88). Hospitalization to the ICU increased (2.90; 2.29-3.69), while there was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality (1.31; 0.77-2.25). Conclusion After the introduction of PSC, overall hospitalization and return visit decreased, while hospitalization to the ICU increased without a difference in the in-hospital mortality. Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to continue providing the pediatric specialist-centered emergency practice.