Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Consensus ; Immunoglobulin E ; Milk Proteins

This paper covers algorithms for the management of regurgitation, constipation and infantile colic in infants. Anti-regurgitation formula may be considered in infants with troublesome regurgitation, while diagnostic investigations or drug therapy are not indicated in the absence of warning signs. Although probiotics have shown some positive evidence for the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the evidence is not strong enough to make a recommendation. A partially hydrolyzed infant formula with prebiotics and β-palmitate may be considered as a dietary intervention for functional constipation in formula fed infants. Lactulose has been shown to be effective and safe in infants younger than 6 months that are constipated. Macrogol (polyethylene glycol, PEG) is not approved for use in infants less than 6 months of age. However, PEG is preferred over lactulose in infants >6 months of age. Limited data suggests that infant formula with a partial hydrolysate, galacto-oligosaccharides/fructo-oligosaccharides, added β-palmitate may be of benefit in reducing infantile colic in formula fed infants in cases where cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is not suspected. Evidence suggests that the use of extensively hydrolyzed infant formula for a formula-fed baby and a cow's milk free diet for a breastfeeding mother may be beneficial to decrease infantile colic if CMPA is suspected. None of the FGIDs is a reason to stop breastfeeding.
Breast Feeding ; Colic ; Consensus* ; Constipation ; Diagnosis* ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Drug Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Infant Formula ; Infant* ; Lactulose ; Middle East* ; Milk ; Milk Proteins ; Mothers ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Prebiotics ; Probiotics

Food allergy is defined as abnormal immune response elicited by food intake, in which a variety of clinical symptoms will appear as a result of physiological dysfunction and/or tissue damage. Possible mechanisms for food allergy include gastrointestinal tract barrier damage, failure to induce oral immune tolerance, intrauterine sensitization, and allergen transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Hereditary and environmental factors can also contribute to the disease. Gastrointestinal disorders are the main clinical manifestations of the disease. However, hypoalbuminemia, growth retardation, and even acute circulatory failure or shock may occur in severe cases. Oral food challenges are the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of food allergy. Avoidance and replacement of the responsible food are the only effective treatment options for neonatal food allergy. The use of probiotics can offer protection against the disease.
Food Hypersensitivity ; classification ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Milk Proteins ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Skin Tests ; methods

Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; analysis ; Infant ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Skin Tests

PURPOSE: Recently, allergic disorders in children have increased. The cause of allergic disorders made not clear. Therefore study in aspect of food and nutrition was required to prevent allergic disorders in children, show guide of dietary management. METHODS: This study was done in 78 children with allergy from July, 1997 to September, 1997, investigated family history of allergy and general environment with questionnaire, besides growth levels of children with allergic symptoms, nutrient intakes, eating behavior, and allergy-inducing foods. RESULTS: The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Allergic symptoms with a age 2-3 years old were asthma (46%), dermatitis (39%), hypersensitivity skin (7%), urticaria (5%) and rhinitis (5%). At age 4-6 years, asthma was 54%, dermatitis 44%, rhinitis 28%, hypersensitivity skin 10%, and urticaria 3%. Most of the dermatits was caused by unknown etiology, temperature change and house dust mite. Asthma was caused by house dust mite and temperature change. Urticaria was caused by foods and rhinitis was caused by house dust mite. 2) Tomato was the most common food as a cause of allergic disease and peach, mackerel, yoghurt, cheese, and egg were included. Urticaria was provoked mainly by tomato and peach, diarrhea was induced by milk, yoghurt and cheese, vomiting by quail eggs, and swelling lip was induced by tomato. 3) The average daily calory intake was 80% of the RDA at the age of 2-3 years old, 66% at the age of 4-6 year old. Protein and fat intake were similar as RDA. The other nutrients intake at the age of 2-3 and 4-6 years old were 106% and 71% for calcuim, 49% and 52% for iron, 30% and 31% for zinc, respectively. The amount of vitamin intake also lower than RDA for both age groups. CONCLUSION: The average calory intake and other nutrients intake for the children with allergic symptoms were lower than RDA. But they showed relatively normal growth pattern compared with the Korean growth standard. It is necessary to findout the food that provoke the allergic symptoms and make guideline for diet therapy for the children with a various allergic symptoms.
Asthma ; Cheese ; Child* ; Dermatitis ; Diarrhea ; Diet Therapy ; Eggs ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Iron ; Lip ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Milk ; Ovum ; Perciformes ; Prunus persica ; Pyroglyphidae ; Quail ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rhinitis ; Skin ; Urticaria ; Vitamins ; Vomiting ; Yogurt ; Zinc