Objectives: This study aims to seek positive measures for students in a dental hygiene program to adapt well to college life by analyzing the effects of their adult attachment styles and social support on their adaptation to college life. Methods: Data were collected from June 1 to August 30, 2021. It was conducted with a self administered questionnaire. In consideration of the dropout rate, the study recruited 200 participants. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Results: Regarding correlations with adaptation to college life, the analysis revealed positive correlations for adult attachment styles and social support. Significant correlations were seen in the following factors affecting adaptation to college life: satisfaction with college life_dummy 2, satisfaction with major_dummy 1, and adult attachment styles. The factor with the strongest effect (35.7%) on adaptation to college life was adult attachment styles. Conclusions Factors affecting college life adaptation were found to affect college life adaptation as college life satisfaction, major satisfaction, and adult attachment type increased. System support is needed to develop a counseling program tailored to college life by adult attachment type to increase college life satisfaction and major satisfaction.

Purpose: We used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to assess the retinal and choroidal thicknesses of the rabbit, a commonly used animal model of ophthalmic disease. We report normative datasets. Methods: Semi-automated measurements were made on 15 normal right eyes of New Zealand white rabbits. Total retinal, inner retinal layer, outer retinal layer, choroidal, ganglion cell layer, ganglion cell complex, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer thicknesses were measured at fixed distances (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm) below the optic nerve head. Results: Total retinal layer (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [CC] = -0.778, p < 0.05), inner retinal layer (CC = -0.710, p < 0.05), outer retinal layer (CC = -0.495, p < 0.05), ganglion cell complex (CC = -0.292, p < 0.05), ganglion cell layer (CC = -0.284, p < 0.05), and outer nuclear layer thicknesses (CC = -0.760, p < 0.05) decreased with the distance from the optic nerve head. Inner nuclear layer thickness correlated negatively with the distance from the optic nerve head, but the correlation coefficient was low (CC = -0.263, p < 0.05). Choroidal thickness increased with the distance from the optic nerve head (CC = 0.511, p < 0.05). Conclusions Rabbit retinal thicknesses were measured and analyzed by the distance from the optic nerve head. The datasets will serve as standards when using rabbits.

Purpose: We used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to assess the retinal and choroidal thicknesses of the rabbit, a commonly used animal model of ophthalmic disease. We report normative datasets. Methods: Semi-automated measurements were made on 15 normal right eyes of New Zealand white rabbits. Total retinal, inner retinal layer, outer retinal layer, choroidal, ganglion cell layer, ganglion cell complex, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer thicknesses were measured at fixed distances (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm) below the optic nerve head. Results: Total retinal layer (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [CC] = -0.778, p < 0.05), inner retinal layer (CC = -0.710, p < 0.05), outer retinal layer (CC = -0.495, p < 0.05), ganglion cell complex (CC = -0.292, p < 0.05), ganglion cell layer (CC = -0.284, p < 0.05), and outer nuclear layer thicknesses (CC = -0.760, p < 0.05) decreased with the distance from the optic nerve head. Inner nuclear layer thickness correlated negatively with the distance from the optic nerve head, but the correlation coefficient was low (CC = -0.263, p < 0.05). Choroidal thickness increased with the distance from the optic nerve head (CC = 0.511, p < 0.05). Conclusions Rabbit retinal thicknesses were measured and analyzed by the distance from the optic nerve head. The datasets will serve as standards when using rabbits.

OBJECTIVES: This study developed an information and communication technology (ICT)-based comprehensive health and social-needs assessment (CHSNA) system based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) with the aim of enhancing person-centered community care for community residents and supporting healthcare professionals and social workers who provide healthcare and social services in the community. METHODS: Items related to a CHSNA tool were developed and mapped with ICF codes. Experts validated the CHSNA system design and process using the Delphi method, and a pilot test of the initial version of the system was conducted. RESULTS: The following three steps of CHSNA were embedded in the system, which had a user-friendly screen and images: basic health assessment, life and activity assessment, and in-depth health assessment. The assessment results for the community residents were presented with visualized health profiles, including images, graphs, and an ICF model. CONCLUSIONS: The developed CHSNA system can be used by healthcare professionals, social workers, and community residents to evaluate the reasoning underlying health and social needs, to facilitate the identification of more appropriate healthcare plans, and to guide community residents to receive the best healthcare services. A CHSNA system can improve the implementation of standardized terminology utilizing the ICF and the accuracy of needs assessments of community residents.
Classification ; Community Health Services ; Decision Support Techniques ; Delivery of Health Care ; Methods ; Needs Assessment ; Patient-Centered Care ; Social Work ; Social Workers

Evaluation of mandibular lymph nodes in a patient with head and neck cancer is important for stage determination and prognosis development, and, in human medicine, the use of sonoelastography for differentiating between non-metastatic and metastatic lymph nodes has been reported. Our prospective, cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of strain elastography and to determine elastographic cut-off values for predicting malignancy. Sixty-six mandibular lymph nodes were included (clinical healthy, n = 45; non-metastatic, n = 8; and metastatic, n = 13). Elastographic images were evaluated qualitatively (elastographic pattern) and semi-quantitatively (mean hue histogram and stiffness area ratios). Elastographic patterns were classified as grades 1 to 4, according to the percentage of high elasticity determined by visualization. The mean hue histogram was defined based on as the mean pixel color values within the lymph node. Stiffness area ratios were determined by computer program analysis of the stiff area. Among the criteria, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed cut-off values for the prediction of malignancy of 92.26 for mean hue histogram (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 92%), and 0.17 for stiffness area ratios (sensitivity: 86%, specificity of 100%). Reproducibility and repeatability were excellent. In conclusion, semi-quantitative evaluation via strain elastography holds potential for predicting lymph node malignancy.
Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dogs ; Elasticity ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional, case-control study. PURPOSE: To investigate associations between physical fitness measures and disabilities related to back pain and quality of life (QOL) by the presence of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in elderly Korean women. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: LSS leads to decreased functioning and reduced QOL. However, correlations among physical fitness, disability, and QOL have not been investigated in elderly women with LSS. METHODS: Participants included women aged 65 years and older (n=192), divided into a study group (n=38) and a control group (n=154) based on the presence/absence of LSS. All participants underwent physical function and fitness tests. Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores and EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) scores were used to assess disability and health-related QOL. RESULTS: The results for the handgrip strength, sit-and-reach, functional reach, and timed up and go (TUG) tests were significantly higher in the control group than the LSS group. ODI scores were significantly higher and EQ-5D-5L scores significantly lower in the LSS group. TUG and functional reach test scores were significantly correlated with ODI scores, and handgrip strength was strongly interrelated with ODI and EQ-5D-5L scores in the LSS group. No other physical fitness measures showed statistically significant relationships with ODI or EQ-5D-5L scores. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly Korean women with LSS, back pain-related disability and QOL are significantly associated with some physical fitness parameters such as handgrip strength. Handgrip strength reflects general muscle strength, which is significantly interrelated with the level of disability and QOL. Our results suggest that enhancing generalized muscle strength helps to reduce disability due to back pain and improve QOL in patients with LSS.
Aged* ; Back Pain ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness* ; Quality of Life* ; Spinal Stenosis*

PURPOSE: To compare neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy rates between hydrophobic and hydrophilic intraocular lenses. METHODS: The present retrospective study enrolled patients who received cataract surgery from a single surgeon between July 2006 to December 2009. Patients included in the study were implanted with SA60AT hydrophobic spherical intraocular lenses (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 268 eyes) or I-FLEX hydrophilic spheric intraocular lenses (i-Medical®, Ophthalmic International Heidelberg GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, 331 eyes). The Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between the two groups for 2 years after the operation. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 23.5 months and 22.6 months and the mean age was 68.6 years and 70.3 years in the SA60AT and I-FLEX groups, respectively. Follow-up periods were longer in the SA60AT group (p = 0.035), but ages were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.367). Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were 6.3% in the SA60AT group and 11.2% in the I-FLEX group. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were significantly higher in the I-FLEX group (p = 0.020). BCVA before and after the Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were higher in the I-FLEX hydrophilic spheric intraocular lens group than in the SA60AT hydrophilic spheric intraocular lens group. Adhesion between capsular bag and intraocular lens by bioadhesive character of hydrophobic acryl intraocular lens may contribute to the prevention of lens epithelial migration and posterior capsule opacification.
Aluminum ; Capsule Opacification ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germany ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Yttrium

PURPOSE: To compare neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy rates between hydrophobic and hydrophilic intraocular lenses. METHODS: The present retrospective study enrolled patients who received cataract surgery from a single surgeon between July 2006 to December 2009. Patients included in the study were implanted with SA60AT hydrophobic spherical intraocular lenses (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 268 eyes) or I-FLEX hydrophilic spheric intraocular lenses (i-Medical®, Ophthalmic International Heidelberg GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, 331 eyes). The Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between the two groups for 2 years after the operation. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 23.5 months and 22.6 months and the mean age was 68.6 years and 70.3 years in the SA60AT and I-FLEX groups, respectively. Follow-up periods were longer in the SA60AT group (p = 0.035), but ages were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.367). Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were 6.3% in the SA60AT group and 11.2% in the I-FLEX group. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were significantly higher in the I-FLEX group (p = 0.020). BCVA before and after the Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were higher in the I-FLEX hydrophilic spheric intraocular lens group than in the SA60AT hydrophilic spheric intraocular lens group. Adhesion between capsular bag and intraocular lens by bioadhesive character of hydrophobic acryl intraocular lens may contribute to the prevention of lens epithelial migration and posterior capsule opacification.
Aluminum ; Capsule Opacification ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germany ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Yttrium

Stent fracture is a complication following implantation of drug eluting stents and is recognized as one of the risk factors for in-stent restenosis. We present the first case of successfully managing a stent fracture and subsequent migration of the fractured stent into the ascending aorta that occurred during repeat revascularization for in-stent restenosis of an ostium of saphenous vein graft after implantation of a zotarolimus-eluting stent. Although the fractured stent segment had migrated into the ascending aorta with a pulled balloon catheter, it was successfully repositioned in the saphenous vein graft using an inflated balloon catheter. Then, the fractured stent segment was successfully connected to the residual segment of the zotarolimus-eluting stent by covering it with an additional sirolimuseluting stent.
Aorta ; Catheters ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Risk Factors ; Saphenous Vein ; Stents ; Transplants

The study of pigs as a human disease model has been conducted in neuroscience. But the morphological development of pig brain by using MRI is rare. The purpose of this study is to determine whether cerebellum maintains consistent proportion to other brain regions in aging. Clinically healthy sixteen micropigs, 1, 2, 4, and 8 months were studied. The micropigs were anesthetized with isoflorane. MRI was acquired using a 0.3T system. To figure out development of ratio that allowed identification of normal cerebellum size, we measured the area of the cerebellum, brainstem, and forebrain from the mid-sagittal brain images on T1W. Mid-sagittal cross-sectional area (CSA) of total brain, forebrain, brainstem, and cerebellum were expressed as absolute values and also as percentages which were compared between the four age groups of micropigs for the purpose to define the effect of age on brain morphometry. It was found that there was not a significant difference in the percentage of the brain occupied by an individual region between groups although the absolute CSA differed significantly among age groups. There was no effect of age on the ratio between the cerebellum and total brain in 4 age groups. The normal size of cerebellum changes during brain development maintained a consistent ratio to other brain regions in normal micropigs. The ratio of CSA quantified on the mid-sagittal MR images offers a suitable method to detect presence of cerebellar anomalies in micropigs.
Aging ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Neurosciences ; Prosencephalon ; Swine