Glioma serves as a highly complex and lethal brain tumor,its treatment has been a major challenge in neurosurgery and oncology.In recent years,the in-depth studies of glioma microenvironment have provided new perspectives for understanding its pathogenesis and developing new therapeutic strategies.This article introduces the major components of glioma microenvironment,regulation signaling pathways and possi-ble therapeutic targets,aiming to provide a comprehensive perspective to understand and treat this complex tumor and emphasizing the importance of the glioma microenvironment in glioma research and treatment.