The hemodynamic characteristics of venous reflux are associated with infertility in patients with varicocele; however, an effective method for quantifying the structural distribution of the reflux is lacking. This study aimed to predict surgical outcomes using a new software for venous reflux quantification. This was a retrospective cohort study of a consecutive series of 105 patients (age range: 22-44 years) between July 2017 and September 2019. Venous reflux of the varicocele was obtained using the Valsalva maneuver during scrotal Doppler ultrasonography before microsurgical varicocelectomy. Using this software, the colored reflux signals were segmented, and the gray scale of the color pixels representing the reflux velocity was comprehensively quantified into the mean reflux velocity of the green layer (MRVG) and the reflux velocity standard deviation of the green layer (RVSDG). Spontaneous pregnancy and changes from baseline in the semen parameters were assessed during a 12-month follow-up period. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. An association of the high MRVG group with impaired progressive motility (odds ratio [OR] = 2.868, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.133-7.265) and impaired sperm concentration (OR = 2.943, 95% CI: 1.196-7.239) was found during multivariate analysis. High MRVG (OR = 2.680, 95% CI: 1.086-6.614) and high RVSDG (OR = 2.508, 95% CI: 1.030-6.111) were found to be independent predictors of failure to achieve pregnancy following microsurgical repair. In summary, intense venous reflux is an independent predictor of impaired progressive motility, sperm concentration, and pregnancy outcomes after microsurgical varicocelectomy.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Varicocele/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; Veins/surgery* ; Sperm Count ; Infertility, Male/surgery* ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Sperm Motility

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and the effect of peroral endoscopic-assisted laryngeal microsurgery for children with laryngeal neurofibroma, and to provide clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods:The clinical data of 4 children with laryngeal tumors admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Laryngeal tumors were removed by peroral endoscopic-assisted laryngeal microsurgery. One case underwent tracheotomy at the same time, and one case was simultaneously performed with laryngeal T tube placement and tracheotomy. Results:Surgical resection is the best treatment for laryngeal neurofibroma, and laryngeal microsurgery should be actively used for patients with surgical indications.This surgical method has the advantages of good efficacy, minimal invasion, aesthetics and preservation of laryngeal function, which not only ensures safety, but also improves the quality of life after surgery, and has the value of development and promotion.
Child ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Laryngoscopy/methods* ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Neurofibroma/diagnosis*

Many therapies are effective in treating varicoceles, including dilation of the pampiniform plexus in males. The most common method of treatment is varicocelectomy. We aimed to assess an alternative technique (microsurgical spermatic [distal end]-superficial or inferior epigastric vein anastomosis) that preserves the normal blood flow pattern for varicocele treatment. We retrospectively analyzed 27 men with varicocele between October 2019 and July 2020. All patients underwent microsurgical spermatic (distal end)-superficial or inferior epigastric vein anastomosis. The prognosis was reviewed retrospectively with an additional survey conducted 3 months after surgery. The mean ± standard deviation of the age was 26.1 ± 7.3 years in patients with microsurgical spermatic (distal end)-superficial or inferior epigastric vein anastomosis. The maximum diameter of the varicocele vein, perineal pain score, sperm density, and forward movement of sperm improved over 3 months after surgery. Microsurgical spermatic (distal end)-superficial or inferior epigastric vein anastomosis is a safe and efficient surgical treatment for varicoceles.
Humans ; Male ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Varicocele/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Semen ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods* ; Spermatozoa ; Pain/surgery*

Male ; Humans ; Varicocele/surgery* ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods* ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Spermatozoa ; Pain/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of microsurgery and endovascular embolization in the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) by meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic review was performed to retrieve all relevant literature about surgical treatment or endovascular embolization of SDAVF up to December 2019 through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Results, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed. The Chinese and English key words included: "SDAVF", "spinal dural arteriovenous fistula", "spinal AVM", "spinal vascular malformation and treatment". The included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The early failure rate, long-term recurrence, neurological recovery, and complications were evaluated and the clinical effects of the two methods in the treatment of SDAVF were compared by using RevMan 5.3 software. And a further subgroup analysis of the therapeutic effect of endovascular embolization with different embolic agents was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 46 studies involving 1 958 cases of SDAVF were included, in which 935 cases were treated by microsurgery and 1 023 cases were treated by endovascular embolization. The funnel plot demonstrated that there was no publication bias. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of early surgical failure was lower than that of endovascular embolization (OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.13-0.30, P < 0.05), and the long-term recurrence was also lower than that of endovascular embolization (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.22-0.58, P < 0.05). The improvement of neurological function in the surgical patients is significantly higher than that in the patients treated with endovascular embolization (OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.36-5.99, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications in these two groups (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 0.88-2.64, P=0.14). In the cases of endovascular embolization, the risk of treatment failure or recurrence was higher with Onyx glue than with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), and the difference was statistically significant (OR=4.70, 95%CI: 1.55-14.28, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas by intravascular embolization has been widely used, the clinical effect of microsurgery is still better than that of endovascular embolization. Large scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment in SDAVF patients.
Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/surgery* ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods* ; Enbucrilate/therapeutic use* ; Endovascular Procedures/methods* ; Humans ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia/complications* ; Azoospermia/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Oligospermia/complications* ; Orchiectomy ; Seminoma/surgery* ; Testicular Neoplasms/surgery* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methods* ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods* ; Varicocele/surgery*

We retrospectively reviewed data for 286 patients with varicocele who underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy from March 2015 to May 2017 in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China). In this surgical approach, the testis was delivered, and the gubernacular and external cremasteric veins were stripped. In addition, the spermatic cord was delivered downward with continuous double traction away from the external ring. The remaining procedure was similar to the conventional approach. We followed patients for at least 3 months and evaluated postoperative semen parameters, pain symptoms, and complications. We excluded data for 32 men due to inadequate follow-up (<3 months). Of the remaining 254 patients, 73 had oligoasthenospermia, 121 had nonobstructive azoospermia, and 60 had symptomatic varicoceles. Total progressive sperm counts increased in the oligoasthenospermic patients from a median preoperative value of 9.15 × 10⁶ ml^-1 to 25.33 × 10⁶ ml^-1 (n= 34), and 35.6% (26/73) initially oligoasthenospermic men contributed to unassisted pregnancies. Sperm returned to the ejaculate in 12.4% (15/121) azoospermia patients. In patients with scrotal pain (n = 60), 43 (71.7%) reported complete resolution of pain, 16 (26.7%) reported partial resolution, and 1 (1.7%) reported no change. No patients experienced varicocele recurrence. This double-traction strategy avoids opening the external oblique aponeurosis, and results in less damage and faster recovery. In addition, the stripping strategy eliminates potential damage to the testis caused by the varicose veins. Our results showed that microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy using spermatic cord double traction in conjunction with testicular delivery for vein stripping is a safe and effective approach for varicocele repair.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spermatic Cord/surgery* ; Testis/blood supply* ; Treatment Outcome ; Urogenital Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Varicocele/surgery* ; Veins/surgery* ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to validate the effectiveness of targeted microsurgical spermatic cord denervation (MSCD) of the trifecta nerve complex in comparison to traditional full MSCD with complete skeletonization of the spermatic cord in men with chronic orchialgia. Retrospective chart review was performed by a single fellowship-trained microsurgeon between 2011 and 2016. Patients had follow-ups at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Thirty-nine men with chronic orchialgia underwent full MSCD between 2011 and 2013. In July 2013, after the publication of an anatomic study with identification of Wallerian degeneration of the trifecta nerve complex in men with chronic orchialgia, the technique was changed to targeted MSCD. From July 2013 to March 2016, 43 men underwent targeted MSCD. When comparing the full MSCD group to the targeted MSCD group, there was no significant difference in resolution of pain (66.7% vs 69.8%, P = 0.88), no difference in partial relief of pain (17.9% vs 23.3%, P = 0.55), and no difference in failure to respond rates (15.4% vs 7.0%, P = 0.22) between the two groups. There was no difference in mean change of visual analog pain scale scores between the two groups (P = 0.27). Targeted MSCD had a shorter operative time (53 min vs 21 min, P = 0.0001). Targeted MSCD offers patients comparable outcomes to traditional full MSCD, with a shorter operative time, a less technically challenging surgery, and potentially less risk to cord structures which should be preserved.
Adult ; Aged ; Denervation/methods* ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Pain/surgery* ; Spermatic Cord/innervation* ; Testicular Diseases/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laryngeal contact granuloma is benign inflammatory disease induced by excessive mechanical contact of larynx such as endotracheal intubation, voice abuse, laryngeal microsurgery as well as laryngopharygeal reflux. Because it is caused by various risk factors, multiple treatment modalities are required. The purpose of study is to evaluate treatment effect of topical steroid through nasal cavity in contact granuloma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fifty-two patients were enrolled in this study with exception of intubation granuloma. Patients were classified with four groups (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Nasal steroid spray (SPR), PPI+SPR, Observation) according to treatment modality. RESULTS: Patients who treated with PPI (Odds ratio 2.45, p=0.03) and combination of PPI and SPR (Odds ratio 2.88, p<0.01) had significantly better response than patients who not treated with medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of nasal steroid spray and PPI is effective for contact granuloma of larynx and considered as a treatment of choice rather than PPI only treatment.
Granuloma ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Larynx ; Methods ; Microsurgery ; Nasal Cavity ; Risk Factors ; Voice

In the past two decades, with the rapid development of assisted reproductive technology and particularly the technological advances in male infertility microsurgery, many obstructive azoospermia-related infertile couples can now acquire the chances of natural pregnancy via reconstruction of the seminal tract. This article highlights the latest advances in surgical reconstruction of the seminal tract for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia, such as the application of laparoscopic and robotic techniques, with a discussion on microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and preservation, potential use of absorbable sutures or the bio-suture tape for microsurgical anastomosis in the management of obstructive azoospermia.
Azoospermia ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Seminal Vesicles ; surgery ; Sperm Retrieval ; Sutures