The anatomical structure of the gingival papilla around the implant is special, and it is difficult to recover after injury. The reduction of its height will have a negative impact on function and esthetics, and it is one of the many problems in implant treatment at present. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of implant gingival papilla height from three aspects: anatomical factors, implant surgical design and implant restorative design, including the classical influencing factors such as the shape of natural teeth, interproximal distance between the implant and the adjacent tooth, soft tissue grafting, and contour of implant restorations, as well as the hot and controversial influencing factors in recent years such as the thickness of soft tissues around the implant, the implant surgical timing, the flap design, and the surgical incision, in order to provide reference for clinicians in the process of implant treatment for gingival papilla preservation and reconstruction.

Vertical bone augmentation (VBA) in the anterior maxilla is a technically and biologically challenging technique with high complication rates and unpredictable outcomes. Selecting appropriate soft tissue management strategies is crucial to avoid short-term and long-term complications. This article aims to assist clinicians in making treatment decisions based on different soft tissue conditions during VBA. It is divided into two parts. Incision and flap design based on the quality and quantity of different soft tissues during VBA. For mucosa of good quality and quantity, a trapezoidal flap incision design is adopted, and the periosteum extension technique is applied for tension reduction. For a shallow vestibular sulcus, a larger trapezoidal flap is used, and the tension reduction method of mucosa-oralis muscle separation is applied, along with papilla transposition suture to ensure primary wound closure. For thin mucosa or with perforating defects, a pedicled periosteal flap is used for repair. Selection of appropriate soft tissue augmentation techniques during the second-stage surgery based on the soft tissue status to improve esthetic outcomes. For horizontal soft tissue defects, free connective tissue graft (CTG) or palatal pedicled flap can be used for treatment; for vertical soft tissue defects, techniques such as the iceberg technique or customized CTG with bowtie-like shape can be used for vertical augmentation; for combined horizontal and vertical defects, the connective tissue platform technique can be used for three-dimensional soft tissue reconstruction.

Objective:To preliminarily evaluate the accuracy of a segmented rotational motion-based osteotomy module for autonomous dental implant robots in immediate implant placement in the anterior region through an in vitro model experiment, providing references for clinical practice. Methods:Twenty-three identical commercial maxillary resin models with dentition defects for immediate implant placement were divided into three groups: a fully guided static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) group ( n=5), a robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (rCAIS) group based on conventional coronal-apical linear motion osteotomy (rCAIS-C, n=9) and a rCAIS group based on segmented rotational motion osteotomy (rCAIS-S, n=9). Two implants were placed in each model using the corresponding surgical protocols. Intraoral scan data of pre-and post-operative models were imported into software to evaluate deviations between the actual and planned implant positions. Results:In the rCAIS-S group, the global deviations at the implant platform and apex were 0.50 (0.32) mm and 0.52 (0.22) mm, respectively, with an angular deviation of 1.08° (0.49°). These values were significantly smaller than those in the sCAIS group [platform: 0.88 (0.50) mm, apex: 1.44 (0.50) mm, angular deviation: 2.86° (1.76°), P<0.05]. rCAIS-S group also showed significantly smaller platform and apex deviations compared to rCAIS-C group [platform: 0.69 (0.12) mm, apex: 0.94 (0.16) mm, P<0.05], though angular deviations of rCAIS-S group did not differ significantly from rCAIS-C group [1.27° (0.56°), P>0.05]. Conclusions:Within the limitation of this study, the segmented rotational motion-based osteotomy module for dental implant robots demonstrates superior accuracy in immediate implant placement in the anterior area compared to sCAIS and rCAIS based on conventional coronal-apical linear motion osteotomy.

The anatomical structure of the gingival papilla around the implant is special, and it is difficult to recover after injury. The reduction of its height will have a negative impact on function and esthetics, and it is one of the many problems in implant treatment at present. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of implant gingival papilla height from three aspects: anatomical factors, implant surgical design and implant restorative design, including the classical influencing factors such as the shape of natural teeth, interproximal distance between the implant and the adjacent tooth, soft tissue grafting, and contour of implant restorations, as well as the hot and controversial influencing factors in recent years such as the thickness of soft tissues around the implant, the implant surgical timing, the flap design, and the surgical incision, in order to provide reference for clinicians in the process of implant treatment for gingival papilla preservation and reconstruction.

Vertical bone augmentation (VBA) in the anterior maxilla is a technically and biologically challenging technique with high complication rates and unpredictable outcomes. Selecting appropriate soft tissue management strategies is crucial to avoid short-term and long-term complications. This article aims to assist clinicians in making treatment decisions based on different soft tissue conditions during VBA. It is divided into two parts. Incision and flap design based on the quality and quantity of different soft tissues during VBA. For mucosa of good quality and quantity, a trapezoidal flap incision design is adopted, and the periosteum extension technique is applied for tension reduction. For a shallow vestibular sulcus, a larger trapezoidal flap is used, and the tension reduction method of mucosa-oralis muscle separation is applied, along with papilla transposition suture to ensure primary wound closure. For thin mucosa or with perforating defects, a pedicled periosteal flap is used for repair. Selection of appropriate soft tissue augmentation techniques during the second-stage surgery based on the soft tissue status to improve esthetic outcomes. For horizontal soft tissue defects, free connective tissue graft (CTG) or palatal pedicled flap can be used for treatment; for vertical soft tissue defects, techniques such as the iceberg technique or customized CTG with bowtie-like shape can be used for vertical augmentation; for combined horizontal and vertical defects, the connective tissue platform technique can be used for three-dimensional soft tissue reconstruction.

Objective:To preliminarily evaluate the accuracy of a segmented rotational motion-based osteotomy module for autonomous dental implant robots in immediate implant placement in the anterior region through an in vitro model experiment, providing references for clinical practice. Methods:Twenty-three identical commercial maxillary resin models with dentition defects for immediate implant placement were divided into three groups: a fully guided static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) group ( n=5), a robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (rCAIS) group based on conventional coronal-apical linear motion osteotomy (rCAIS-C, n=9) and a rCAIS group based on segmented rotational motion osteotomy (rCAIS-S, n=9). Two implants were placed in each model using the corresponding surgical protocols. Intraoral scan data of pre-and post-operative models were imported into software to evaluate deviations between the actual and planned implant positions. Results:In the rCAIS-S group, the global deviations at the implant platform and apex were 0.50 (0.32) mm and 0.52 (0.22) mm, respectively, with an angular deviation of 1.08° (0.49°). These values were significantly smaller than those in the sCAIS group [platform: 0.88 (0.50) mm, apex: 1.44 (0.50) mm, angular deviation: 2.86° (1.76°), P<0.05]. rCAIS-S group also showed significantly smaller platform and apex deviations compared to rCAIS-C group [platform: 0.69 (0.12) mm, apex: 0.94 (0.16) mm, P<0.05], though angular deviations of rCAIS-S group did not differ significantly from rCAIS-C group [1.27° (0.56°), P>0.05]. Conclusions:Within the limitation of this study, the segmented rotational motion-based osteotomy module for dental implant robots demonstrates superior accuracy in immediate implant placement in the anterior area compared to sCAIS and rCAIS based on conventional coronal-apical linear motion osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of active components of Nostoc commune in anti-triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) by the network pharmacology method and molecular biology experiment. METHODS The active components of Nostoc commune were collected by consulting the literature and combined with the preliminary research in the laboratory, the Swiss Target Prediction database was used for target prediction, and the disease targets were obtained in the TTD, Genecards and OMIM databases. The STRING online platform was used for protein-protein interaction, and the KEGG signaling pathway and GO gene function enrichment analysis were performed using the Metascape database. Molecular docking of N-acetyltryptamine, a component of Nostoc commune, and target AKT1 by AutoDock software. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was performed to analyze the apoptotic rate of cells. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mechanism of action of the active components of Nostoc commune on anti-TNBC. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that there were 8 effective components, such as N-acetyltryptamine, Scytonemin and Nostocionone, involved 75 key targets such as signal transduction and AKT1, STAT3 and CCND1. The KEGG signaling pathway and GO gene function enrichment analysis results involved cancer-related signaling pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that N-acetyltryptamine had better affinity with AKT1. N-acetyltryptamine could not significantly promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Western blotting showed that N-acetyltryptamine could down-regulate the protein expressions of AKT1. The results of RT-qPCR showed that N-acetyltryptamine could effectively reduce the mRNA expression of AKT1 in cells. CONCLUSION N-acetyltryptamine may inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells by inhibiting the AKT1 signaling pathway, thereby exerting anti-TNBC effects.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system of experimental animals. METHODS Kunming mice were given a single dose of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate of 20, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 by oral gavage, the effects of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate on the central nervous system were observed by mice tail-flick experiment, mice autonomic activity experiment, pole-climbing experiment, coordinating hypnosis test and Morris water maze experiment. SD rats were given a single dose of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate of 14, 35 and 70 mg·kg-1 and Beagle dogs were given a single dose of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate of 4.2, 10.5 and 21 mg·kg-1 by oral gavage, the effects of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate on cardiovascular system and body temperature were observed by measuring blood pressure and body temperature in Beagle dogs, and measuring electrocardiogram in SD rats. RESULTS There was no significant influence of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate on sensory-motor reflex, autonomic activity, coordinated movements, sleep rate of mice with the sub-threshold sleep dose of pentobarbital sodium and learning-memory ability. Similarly, there were no significant effects on electrocardiogram of SD rats and there were no significant effects on blood pressure and body temperature of Beagle dogs. CONCLUSION Single oral gavage of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate has no significant effects on the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system of experimental animal under the condition.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein- 1 (MCP- 1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low- density lipoprotein (Ox- LDL).METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory κBα (IκBα) and MCP- 1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA.Activities of transcriptional factors NF- κB were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF - κB DNA - binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox - LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox - LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50 ± 1.14, P ＜ 0.01vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 10, 25 and 100 mg/L Ox - LDL). The most optimal stimulation time was 60 min ( 11.0 ± 2.11, P ＜0.01 vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 30 min or 240 min). IκBα protein level in MC dropped down most obviously after 60 min incubation with 50 mg/L Ox - LDL (0.050 ± 0.006, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control), while MCP- 1 expression level was the highest (0.331± 0.016, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control). The translocation of Rel p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus was detected too. NF - κB inhibitor pyrroledithiocarbomate (PDTC) could inhibit these effects induced by Ox- DL. CONCLUSION: Activation of NF- κB regulate the expression of MCP- 1 in HMCs induced by Ox - LDL.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory ?B? (I?B?) and MCP-1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA. Activities of transcriptional factors NF-?B were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF-?B DNA-binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox-LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox-LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50?1.14, P