Objective To investigate the trends in the global burden due to cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021, and to predict the global burden of cystic echinococcosis from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into formulation of the cystic echinococcosis control strategy. Methods The global age-standardized prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) of cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021 were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database, and the trends in the global burden of cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. The associations between the global burden of cystic echinococcosis and socio-demographic index (SDI) were examined using a smoothing spline model and frontier analysis, and the global burden of cystic echinococcosis was projected from 2022 to 2035 using the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. Results The global agestandardized prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis were 7.69/10⁵ [95% UI: (6.27/10⁵, 9.51/10⁵)], 0.02/10⁵ [95% UI: (0.01/10⁵, 0.02/10⁵)], and 1.32/10⁵ [95% UI: (0.99/10⁵, 1.69/10⁵)] in 2021. The global age-standardized prevalence of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a rise by 0.14% per year from 1990 to 2021, and the global age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline by 4.68% and 4.01% per year from 1990 to 2021, respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that global age-standardized prevalence of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2000 [annual percent change (APC) = −0.66%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (−0.70%, −0.61%)] and from 2005 to 2015 [APC = −0.88%, 95% CI: (−0.93%, −0.82%)], and towards a rise from 2000 to 2005 [APC = 3.68%, 95% CI: (3.49%, 3.87%)] and from 2015 to 2021 [APC=0.30%, 95%CI: (0.19%, 0.40%)].Theagestandardized prevalence (r = −0.17, P < 0.05), mortality (r = −0.67, P < 0.05) and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis (r = −0.60, P < 0.05) all correlated negatively with SDI across 21 geographical regions from 1990 to 2021, and the age-standardized mortality (r = −0.61, P < 0.05) and DALYs rates (r = −0.44, P < 0.05) both correlated negatively with SDI across 204 countries and territories in 2021. Frontier analysis revealed that the age-standardized DALYs rate of cystic echinococcosis was still not in line with the frontier in some high-SDI countries or territories. In addition, the global age-standardized prevalence was projected with the BAPC model to appear a tendency towards a rise among both men [estimated annual percent change (EAPC) = 0.18%, 95% CI: (0.13%, 0.23%)] and women [EAPC = 0.29%, 95% CI: (0.24%, 0.34%)] from 2022 to 2035, and the global age-standardized mortality [men: EAPC = −4.71%, 95% CI: (−4.71%, −4.37%); women: EAPC = −4.74%, 95% CI: (−4.74%, −4.74%)] and DALYs rates [men: EAPC = −3.35%, 95% CI: (−3.36%, −3.34%); women: EAPC = −3.17%, 95% CI: (−3.18%, −3.16%)] were projected to appear a tendency towards a decline among both men and women. Conclusions The global burden of cystic echinococcosis appeared an overall tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2021; however, the global prevalence of cystic echinococcosis is projected to appear a tendency towards a rise from 2022 to 2035. Intensified cystic echinococcosis control programmes are recommended.

SPF chickens were immunized with HN-mRNA vaccine by intramuscular injection.He-magglutination inhibition(HI)test,lymphocyte proliferation test,RT-qPCR and pathological sec-tions were used to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity and protection against challenge in-duced by the candidate HN-mRNA vaccine.The results showed that 2.5,5.0,and 7.5 μg HN-mR-NA induced HI antibody antibodies in a dose-dependent manner.Among them,the Hi antibody in-duced by 7.5 μg HN-mRNA was slightly higher than that of the weak toxic vaccine(La Sota strain).In addition,in response to the stimulation of inactivated NDV virus,the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes in 2.5,5.0 and 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunization groups and commercial vaccine group were observed.To further evaluate the antiviral protection provided by HN mRNA immunization,the 105 ELD50 NDV strong strain NA-1 was used to attack the 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunised group and the commercial weakened vaccine(La Sota strain)and PBS groups using na-sal and ocular drops.The results showed that the survival rate of 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunization group and commercial vaccine group was 100％,and these vaccines could protect tissues and or-gans from the damage caused by virus infection.At the same time,7.5 μg HN-mRNA and commer-cial vaccine could shorten the time of virus shedding in vitro and the viral load in vivo.This study provides a foundational framework for the clinical application of NDV HN mRNA candidate vac-cines and offers insights for the development of novel mRNA vaccines for poultry.

Objective:To develop evaluation indicators for care ability of caregivers in home-based palliative care based on the Farran caregiver skills model.Methods:Based on the Farran caregiver skills model, a preliminary evaluation index system was constructed through theoretical analysis, literature review, and semi-structured interviews. From July to October 2024, experts in the field were selected to conduct expert consultations, revise and improve the index system, and determine the weight of the indicators through the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A total of two rounds of expert consultations were conducted. The effective response rates for the first and second rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 90.00% (18/20) and 100.00% (18/18), respectively. In the two rounds of expert consultations, 15 experts (83.33%) and 3 experts (16.67%) respectively proposed revision suggestions. In the two rounds of consultation, the expert authority coefficients were 0.931 and 0.936, respectively, and the Kendall coefficient of concordance were 0.152~0.283、0.183~0.269 ( P<0.05). The final evaluation indicators for care ability of caregivers in home-based palliative care included four first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 45 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation indicators for care ability of caregivers in home-based palliative care developed are highly scientific and reliable, and can provide a reference for the evaluation of family caregiver care ability and the formulation of training programs.

Objective:To summarize the best available evidence for donor and recipient site flap management in head and neck cancer patients undergoing free flap reconstruction.Method:Following the 6S evidence hierarchy model, a comprehensive search was conducted in databases and websites including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Healthcare Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. The search period covered all publications up to May 1, 2024.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, comprising two clinical decisions, two guidelines, two systematic reviews, five expert consensuses, two randomized controlled trials, and one prospective cohort study.A total of 28 pieces of evidence were summarized from six aspects: establishing multidisciplinary collaboration, standardized assessment, prehabilitation training, donor site management strategies, recipient site management strategies, and risk identification and management.Conclusions:This study provides a comprehensive summary of evidence regarding donor and recipient site flap management in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing free flap reconstruction, offering an evidence-based foundation for guiding clinical nursing practice.

Objective To simulate modern social stress using a pre-pregnancy chronic mild stress(CMS)model and to explore the mechanisms of emotional,behavioral,and neurodevelopmental changes in male offspring of pre-pregnancy liver qi stagnation female mice through corticosterone(CORT)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 signaling cascade-mediated hippocampal injury.This study aimed to elucidate the impact of negative life events on offspring and the interventional mechanism of Shuyu Capsules.Methods CMS stress was used to induce pre-pregnancy depression in female rats(liver qi stagnation state),followed by intervention with Shuyu and fluoxetine capsules.After screening,male rats were mated and 12 male offspring from each group were selected for behavioral testing and detection of serum CORT levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.BDNF,ERK1/2,phospho(p)-ERK1/2,cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),and p-CREB protein levels in the hippocampus were detected by Western Blot,and BDNF,ERK1,ERK2,and CREB mRNA levels in the hippocampus were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),to verify the effects of pre-pregnancy CMS on the BDNF-ERK1/2-CREB signaling pathway and to investigate the key micro-mechanisms of Shuyu Capsules on emotional and learning memory-related behaviors of male offspring of females with pre-pregnancy liver qi stagnation syndrome.Results The distance,number of entries,and duration of stay in the central area in open-field experiments were significantly reduced in offspring in the model group(all P＜0.05).The escape latency during the exploration period of the water-maze experiment was significantly prolonged(P＜0.05)and the swimming distance,duration of the target quadrant,and number of platform crossings were significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01),the suspension time and frequency in the forced-swimming experiment were increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the incubation period was shortened(P＜0.05)in offspring in the model group.Prophylactic treatment with Shuyu Capsules and fluoxetine improved the depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment in the offspring in the model group.Biochemical tests showed that CORT levels were increased in the CMS model group(P＜0.05),BDNF,p-ERK1/2,and p-CREB protein levels in the hippocampus were decreased(all P＜0.05),and BDNF,ERK1,ERK2,and CREB mRNA levels were significantly reduced(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Treatment with Shuyu Capsules and fluoxetine increased the CORT content and BDNF,ERK1/2,and CREB protein and mRNA levels in male offspring to varying degrees.Conclusions High levels of CORT in offspring act selectively on the hippocampus,exerting adverse effects on the emotional and learning memory functions of rats by downregulating the BDNF-ERK1/2 signaling cascade.The Chinese medicine Shuyu Capsules can reduce the impact of an adverse intrauterine environment on offspring development by correcting abnormal levels and pathways of glucocorticoids.

Background and purpose:Intrathecal chemotherapy is one of the mainstay treatment options for leptomeningeal metastases(LM)from solid tumors.A previous phase Ⅰ study demonstrated the safety and potential efficacy of intrathecal anti-programmed death receptor 1(anti-PD-1)for LM from melanoma.The synergistic efficacy of systemic chemotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 has been widely known.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intrathecal chemotherapy(pemetrexed)and anti-PD-1(toripalimab)for LM patients from solid tumors.Methods:The subjects were patients with LM from solid tumors who were treated at Affiliated Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/Third People's Hospital of Huizhou City.A 3+3 dose de-escalation strategy was implemented to determine the recommended dose with an initial dose of PD-1 inhibitor(toripalimab)40 mg and pemetrexed 15 mg.Pemetrexed was administered twice weekly for the initial 2 weeks of induction therapy,once weekly for the subsequent 4 weeks of consolidation therapy,and once monthly during maintenance therapy.PD-1 inhibitor was initiated at the 4th administration of pemetrexed,administered every 2 weeks for 6 weeks;subsequently,responders continued monthly maintenance therapy alongside pemetrexed.The primary objective was to assess safety based on adverse events and the recommended dose.All participants were observed to investigate the clinical response rate(CRR),disease control rate(DCR)and overall survival(OS).This study was approved by the ethics committee of Affiliated Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/Third People's Hospital of Huizhou City(ethics number:2024-KY-029-01).Results:Seven patients(male:3,female:4,median age:57 years)were enrolled between June and September 2024,including non-small cell lung cancer(6)and breast cancer(1).All patients presented with positive cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)cytology.Six patients presented LM-related neurological dysfunction.Five patients showed LM-related neuroimaging findings.Six patients completed the induction and consolidation therapy,and subsequently received maintenance therapy.One patient,due to bacterial meningitis,did not complete the final administration of toripalimab during consolidation therapy,and maintenance therapy was administered after infection control.Adverse events rate was 100%(7/7),including myelosuppression(100.00%,n=7),elevation of hepatic aminotransferases(42.86%,n=3),fatigue(28.57%,n=2)and hypothyroidism(14.29%,n=1).Three(42.86%)patients had grade 3 adverse events(myelosuppression).The immune-related adverse event(irAE)rate was 14.29%,manifested as hypothyroidism(Grade 2).No dose-limiting toxicity(DLT)was observed.Thus,no de-escalation was applied.The recommended dose was determined to be PD-1 inhibitor 40 mg in combination with pemetrexed 15 mg.Three patients showed improved neurological dysfunction,1 with CSF cytological response,and 2 with neuroimaging improvement.CRR was 57.14%(4/7)by response assessment in neuro-oncology(RANO)proposal criteria.DCR was 100%(7/7).Three patients exhibited abscopal effects with regression of brain metastasis lesions,primary lung lesion and mediastinal lymph nodes,respectively.As of April 10,2025,1 patient died.The median follow-up time was 7.7(5.9-9.3)months.The median OS was not reached with a 6-month OS rate of 85.71%.Conclusion:The combination therapy of intrathecal pemetrexed and a PD-1 inhibitor was well-tolerated and feasible,while also exhibiting potential clinical efficacy in treating LM from solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective Based on the transcriptome data of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch,SSR primers were designed and developed to evaluate the genetic diversity and analyze the population structure of the germplasm resources of S.mutilans,which can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the germplasm resources of S.mutilans.Methods We collected 301 samples of S.mutilans from major production areas,and analyzed the population genetic diversity and population structure of the germplasm resources of S.mutilans using 18 pairs of highly polymorphic SSR primers after screening.Results A total of 142 alleles were amplified by 18 primer pairs across all samples,with an average of 7.89 alleles amplified per locus.The mean of observed heterozygosity(HO)of the 18 populations was 0.39,the mean of expected heterozygosity(HE)was 0.46,the mean of polymorphism information content(PIC)was 0.41,the mean of Nei's gene diversity index(H)was 0.46,and the mean of Shannon information index(I)was 0.81.The results showed that the wild resources of S.mutilans collected in this study had a high level of genetic diversity,Four populations in Anhui and Zhejiang had higher genetic diversity than populations in Hubei.Molecular analysis of variance(AMOVA)of the population showed that most of the genetic variation in the materials of this study mainly occurred within populations.The STRUCTURE analysis of germplasm resources showed that all germplasm could be divided into four populations.Conclusion This study showed that the natural population of S.mutilans possesses high genetic diversity with high genetic variation and is better adapted to changes in the environment.Our results provided a research basis for the rational utilization of the germplasm resources of S.mutilans and the selection and breeding of superior varieties.

Objective To explore the potential profile of body image and its influencing factors among head and neck cancer patients.Methods Convenience sampling was employed to investigate 335 head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province from October 2023 to May 2024.Data was collected using the patient's general information questionnaire,Body Image Scale,Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale,Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity based on the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.Latent profile analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore distinct profiles and influencing factor of body image in head and neck patients.Results A total of 335 valid questionnaires were collected in this study,and 95.4％of the valid questionnaires were included.Body image of patients with head and neck cancer could be divided into 3 latent profiles:body emotional stability(41.5％),body cognitive dissatisfaction(33.7％)and social behavior avoidance(24.8％).Age,location of cancer onset,stage of cancer,surgical treatment,medical coping style(facing coping,yielding coping),social support and economic toxicity were the factors influencing the latent profiles of body image in patients with head and neck cancer(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is heterogeneity in body image of patients with head and neck cancer.Medical staff should implement targeted management strategies based on the influencing factors of different profiles to reduce the body image disorders in patients with head and neck cancer,and to promote patients to better return to society.

Objective To investigate the relationship between extracranial carotid artery tortuosity-related indicators and extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm(ICAA)in elderly patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 124 elderly patients with suspected cerebrovascular diseases undergoing head CT angiography(CTA)in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.According to the diagnostic results,they were divided into ICAA group(68 cases)and control group(56 cases).The extracranial carotid artery tortuosity-related indicators were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors for ICAA.ROC curve analysis was employed to analyze the diagnostic value of head CTA parameters for extracranial ICAA,and the area under curve(AUC)was calculated.Results There were no statistical differences in the pro-portions of extracranial internal carotid artery(EICA)without kinking,tortuosity,and coiling be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).The ICAA group had significantly higher proportion of EICA(32.4％vs 14.3％,P＜0.05),and obviously greater common carotid artery kinking index,EICA kinking index,and internal carotid artery angle than the control group(P＜0.01).Multivariate lo-gistic regression analysis showed that kinking,common carotid artery kinking index,EICA kin-king index,and internal carotid artery angle were influencing factors for ICAA(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis indicated that in diagnosing ICAA,the sensitivity and the specificity was 70.59％and 82.14％,respectively,for common carotid artery kinking index,was 83.82％and 87.50％,respectively,for EICA kinking index,and was 80.88％and 83.93％,respectively,for in-ternal carotid artery angle.Conclusion The degree of EICA kinking is correlated with extracranial ICAA,and EICA kinking is more likely to cause ICAA.Head CTA parameters can reflect the morphological features of internal carotid artery kinking and had high adjuvant diagnostic value for diagnosing ICAA.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the molecular mechanism by which lncRNA SNHG15 regulates proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS: The lncRNA microarray chip dataset GSE196584 and LncBase were used to predict the lncRNAs that interact with miR-30b-3p, and their association with patient prognosis were investigated using online databases, after which lncRNA nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) was selected for further analysis. The subcellular localization of lncRNA SNHG15 and its expression levels in normal human lung epithelial cells and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. In cultured A549 cells, the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion following transfection with a SNHG15 knockdown plasmid (sh-SNHG15), a miR-30b-3p inhibitor, or their co-transfection were assessed with EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analyses were used to predict the regulatory relationship between lncRNA SNHG15 and COX6B1, and the results were verified using Western blotting and rescue experiments in A549 cells transfected with sh-SNHG15, a COX6B1-overexpressing plasmid, or both. RESULTS: LncRNA SNHG15 was shown to target miR-30b-3p, and the former was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and associated with a poor patient prognosis. LncRNA SNHG15 was localized in the cytoplasm and expressed at higher levels in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells than in BEAS-2B cells. In A549 cells, lncRNA SNHG15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion and proliferation, and these changes were reversed by miR-30b-3p inhibitor. A regulatory relationship was found between lncRNA SNHG15 and COX6B1, and their expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.128, P=0.003). MiR-30b-3p knockdown obviously decreased COX6B1 expression in A549 cells, and COX6B1 overexpression rescued the cells from the inhibitory effects of lncRNA-SNHG15 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA SNHG15 may compete with COX6B1 to bind miR-30b-3p through a ceRNA mechanism to affect proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Movement ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; A549 Cells ; Adenocarcinoma/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Line, Tumor