Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering significant advantages as high flexibility, hemodynamic stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, prolonged exposure to intra-abdominal dialysate may predispose to the mechanical complication of abdominal external hernia. Abdominal external hernia may lead to various adverse clinical outcomes. In severe cases, it can progress to incarceration or even rupture, ultimately necessitating discontinuation of the therapy. The authors systematically review PD-associated abdominal external hernias, including their clinical landscape, risk factors, surgical treatment strategies and prognostic determinants. They also assess the effects of hernia repair on residual renal function, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering significant advantages as high flexibility, hemodynamic stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, prolonged exposure to intra-abdominal dialysate may predispose to the mechanical complication of abdominal external hernia. Abdominal external hernia may lead to various adverse clinical outcomes. In severe cases, it can progress to incarceration or even rupture, ultimately necessitating discontinuation of the therapy. The authors systematically review PD-associated abdominal external hernias, including their clinical landscape, risk factors, surgical treatment strategies and prognostic determinants. They also assess the effects of hernia repair on residual renal function, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making.

Objective:To systematically analyze the basic characteristics and contents of the current health standards for infectious disease, environmental health, school health and disinfection in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control, and provide support for the further optimization of epidemic prevention and control guidelines and reference for the revision and improvement of related health standards.Methods:Public health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were selected for a systematic comparison with "The Plan of COVID19 Prevention and Control (the 6 th Edition)" and other epidemic prevention and control guidelines from the perspectives of application scope and technical elements. Results:The current standards of public health are with scientificity, timeliness and feasibility. The application scope and technical elements of the current public health standards basically meet the needs of the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, but the public health standardization system still needs improvement, and some public health standards need to be revised.Conclusions:The implementation of current public health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained from COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control might promote the further improvement of the health standardization system.

Objective:To compare the technical elements of health standards for nosocomial infection control, health protection, health information, and health emergency and biosafety in the context of the prevention and control of COVID-19, and provide support for the further optimization of the epidemic prevention and control guidelines.Methods:Above mentioned health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were collected for a systematic comparison with "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions" (the 1 st Edition) from the perspective of technical elements. Results:The application scope and technical elements of the current health standards basically meet the needs for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.Conclusions:The implementation of the current health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained in the epidemic prevention and control can also contribute to the further revision and improvement of the health standards.

Recent years, national laws and government policies were published as series to encourage the development of group standardizations. The updated Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China, implemented on January 1^st, 2018, stipulates that group standard is a part of the Chinese standard system. Under the current supportive circumstances, more institutes and organizations have joined in the writing and releasing procedures of group standards’. Despite the rapid development of group standardization to publish, we are still at the phase of exploring and regulating group standardizations. This review summarizes the development and practice on the development group standardization in the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and analyzes current condition and deficiency of the work in China, in order to develop suggestions and strategies to improve and regulate group standardization.

This paper reports a case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI)arising in the maxilla of a 3-month-old male infant.The treatment included surgical excision of the lesion with safe margin,curettage of the maxilla and removal of associated developing tooth bud.Microscopically,it proved to be a dual tumor with small,neuroblastic-like cells and larger epithelial cells.Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated epitheloid cells HMB45(+),EMA(+),CK(+);neuroblast-like cells NSE(+),GFAP(+),S-100(+),but both cells Vim(+),CD45(-),Myogenin(-).The 18-mouth follow-up showed no recurrence or metastasis.The related literature was re-viewed.