H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

Objective To identify a strain screen which utilize dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the sole carbon source and to explore the optimal conditions for the degradation of DBP. Methods The solid leachate was inoculated in minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with DBP as the sole carbon and energy source to isolate the targeted strain. The strain was identified through colony phenotype, transmission electron microscope and 16SrDNA gene sequence analysis. The targeted strain was inoculated to the above medium with different pH and temperature. The optimal temperature and pH of the microbial degradation of DBP were studied with determination of the DBP residue and bacterial biomass. Results One bacterial strain named L6 was isolated from the solid with adding DBP as the sole carbon source. Based on its morphology, physiochemical characteristics, and 16SrDNA sequence, the strain was identified as Methylobacterium sp. The optimal pH and temperature for its biodegradation activities were 7 and 30℃, respectively. The targeted strain could degrade 85% of 800 mg/L DBP within 120 hours. Conclusion Based on the high removal rate, the isolated Methylobacterium sp. L6 has a potential for bioremediation technology of DBP pollution.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on the apoptosis of thymic and splenic lymphocytes in rats with sepsis.

METHODSA total of 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7-8 weeks were randomly divided into model group, conventional lipid emulsion group (0.1 g/kg daily), low-dose ω-3 PUFAs group (0.1 g/kg daily), middle-dose ω-3 PUFAs group (0.2 g/kg daily), and high-dose ω-3 PUFAs group (0.3 g/kg daily). Cecal ligation and puncture were used to establish a rat model of sepsis. The treatment groups were then given tail vein injection of lipid emulsion or glucose diluents of ω-3 PUFAs at different doses, and the model group was given glucose injection via the tail vein at the same dose. According to the time of sacrifice, each group was further divided into 24-hour and 72-hour subgroups, with 8 rats in each subgroup. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the thymus and spleen. TUNEL was used to measure the apoptosis rates of thymic and splenic lymphocytes.

RESULTSIn the three ω-3 PUFAs groups, the rats had a complete thymic lobular structure and clear structures of the cortex and medulla. In the model and the conventional lipid emulsion groups, the boundaries of the cortex and medulla were unclear and the number of lymphocytes was significantly reduced. In the ω-3 PUFAs groups, the structure of the red and white pulp of the spleen was maintained with the presence of splenic follicles, while in the model and the conventional lipid emulsion groups, the structure of the red and white pulp of the spleen was disordered and splenic follicles were significantly reduced or disappeared. Compared with the model and the conventional lipid emulsion groups, the ω-3 PUFAs groups showed significant reductions in the apoptosis rates of thymic and splenic lymphocytes at 24 and 72 hours (P<0.01). Compared with the low-dose ω-3 PUFAs group, the high-dose ω-3 PUFAs group had significantly reduced apoptosis rates of splenic lymphocytes at 24 and 72 hours (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSω-3 PUFAs can reduce the apoptosis of thymic and splenic lymphocytes in rats with sepsis in a dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sepsis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Thymus Gland ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin label (3D pCASL) non-contrast enhanced perfusion imaging applied to head and neck tumors in high-field MR and detect the effects of different postlabeling delay (PLD) time on image quality and the reliability of repeated measurements of tumor blood flow (BF) in different 3D pCASL groups.

METHODSIn this prospective study,all the 25 patients received neck 3D pCASL non-contrast enhanced perfusion examinations in a 3.0 T MR system by using an 8-channel head and neck joint coil. Conventional T1-weighted (TIWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were performed firstly. Finally,three 3D pCASL with different PLD time [ASL1(PLD1=1525 ms),ASL2 (PLD2=2025 ms), ASL3(PLD3=2525 ms)] were acquired. Patients' perfusion-weighted images acquired from different 3D pCASL sequences underwent the analysis of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) for tumors. Two observers performed the qualitative assessments on spiral artifacts and vascular artifacts of perfusion-weighted images from different 3D pCASL sequences. Blood flow (BF) of tumors from different 3D pCASL sequences were measured by the two observers respectively for the first time and by observer 2 for the second time.

RESULTSSeventeen enrolled patients (age:50.1 ± 12.7 years,M/F=10:7) with histopathologic.

RESULTSunderwent the evaluation of image quality and measurements of BF values. The SNRs and CNRs of ASL1,ASL2, and ASL3 showed a descending trendency. SNRs (P=0.011) and CNRs (P=0.009) of ASL1 were significant higher than those of ASL3. There was no significant difference of scores of spiral artifacts among the three ASL groups (P=0.932). The scores of vascular artifacts of ASL1,ASL2,and ASL3 showed a descending trendency,also. And scores of ASL1 was significant higher than that of ASL3(P=0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of intre-and intraobserver were high (ICC>0.9). Although the BF values of ASL1,ASL2, and ASL3 showed an ascending trendency,there was no significant difference among the three groups (P=0.977).

CONCLUSIONSThe 3D pCASL no-contrast enhanced perfusion MR imaging can be used for head and neck tumor. The image quality of perfusion weighted images and reliability of BF measurements were satisfied. The 3D pCASL series with PLD of 1525 ms and 2025 ms have better image quality than PLD of 2525 ms. And BF values do not show significant statistic difference among the three groups. Therefore, 3D pCASL series with PLD of 1525 ms and 2025 ms are more suitable for the perfusion imaging of head and neck tumors

Artifacts ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Spin Labels

Abstract?AlM:To compare the effects of different adjustable suture in glaucoma trabeculectomy on early tear film function.?METHODS:Sixty-eight cases of primary glaucoma ( 76 eyes) during January 2012 to June 2014 in our hospital were selected and divided into exposure conjunctival suture group ( 34 cases, 36 eyes ) and embedded conjunctival suture group ( 34 cases, 40 eyes ) according to treatment. Adjustable suture exposed conjunctival suture and embedding conjunctival suture was given to two groups, respectively. lntraocular pressure ( lOP ) before and after treatment 7, 14, 30d were observed and Schirmer test, tear break-up time, No Hikaru sensitivity and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment 1, 30d were recorded.?RESULTS: After the treatment, the mean lOP of two groups were decreased significantly ( P < 0. 05 ). The average lOP after treatment of 1d in the two groups were not statistically different (P>0. 05), after treatment 7, 14, 30d embedded conjunctival suture group was significantly higher than that of exposure conjunctival suture group ( P<0. 05). After 1d of treatment, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, No Hikaru sensitivity of two groups compared no significant difference (P<0. 05). After treatment 7, 14, 30d embedded conjunctival suture group Schirmer test, tear break- up time, was significantly superior to expose conjunctiva suture group (P<0. 05). The 30d package after treatment of conjunctival suture group buried adverse reaction rate was significantly lower than that of exposed conjunctival suture group (P<0. 05).? CONCLUSlON: Trabeculectomy operation with adjustable thread embedding conjunctival suture has few effects on the tear film function in patients with early postoperative complications, lower, and operation effect is better than that of exposed conjunctival suture.

Aged ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Muscle Rigidity ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Sufentanil ; adverse effects

BACKGROUNDPneumonia is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, etiology, risk factors and prognosis of pneumonia in LT recipients.

METHODSThe LT cohort consisted of 28 recipients receiving LT in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from August 2005 to April 2011. Data collected included demographic data, underlying disorders, time and type of transplant, follow-up information, date of last follow-up, and patient status. A retrospective analysis was made of observational data that were prospectively collected.

RESULTSTwenty-two patients of 28 LT recipients had 47 episodes of pneumonia throughout the study period. Thirtyeight episodes of pneumonia in 19 recipients occurred post-LT with a median follow-up of 257.5 days (1-2104 days), the incidence of pneumonia was 192.4 episodes per 100 LT/year and its median time of onset was 100.5 days (0-946 days) post-transplantation. Bacteria, virus and fungi accounted for 62%, 16% and 15% of the microbial pathogens, respectively. The most frequent were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (15%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (10%). A total of 29% (11/38) of pneumonias occurred in the first month post-LT, and then the incidence decreased gradually. The incidence of CMV pneumonia was 25% (7/28) with a median time of 97 days (10-971 days). More than one bacterial infection and CMV infection were independent risk factors for aspergillus infection. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was 18% (5/28), and the history of TB was a risk factor for TB relapse. There were 58% (7/12) of recipients who died of infection, and 71% (5/7) of these died in the first year after LT.

CONCLUSIONSPneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in LT recipients. The most frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CMV, and Aspergillus fumigates. The incidence of CMV pneumonia decreases with a delayed median time of onset. More than one incidence of bacterial infection and CMV infection are independent risk factors for aspergillus infection. LT recipients are at high risk for TB, and the history of TB is a risk factor for TB relapse.

Aspergillus fumigatus ; pathogenicity ; Cytomegalovirus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; microbiology ; virology ; Prospective Studies ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; pathogenicity

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP &ge; 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &ge; 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications

Objective To evaluate the chemopreventive effects of boswellic acid and curcumin on 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch model.Methods Male Syrian golden hamsters(6-8 weeks old,80-130 g in weight) were randomly divided into seven groups,with group A serving as the untreated negative control.The left cheek pouch of the remaining hamsters was topically treated with 0.5％ DMBA in mineral oil three times a week for 6 weeks.They were then randomized to six groups with group B serving as a positive control and receiving no further treatment.Groups C-G were treated topically with 5,10 mg/L boswellic acid,5,10 μ moL/L curcumin,or the combination of 5 mg/L boswellic acid and 5 μmnol/L curcumin three times per week for 18 weeks.The animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg 2 h prior to killing.At the 25 th week all the hamsters were sacrificed and cheek pouch tissue was harvested.One half of the tissue was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites,and the other half was fixed in 10％ phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)-buffered formalin for histopathological examination.Results Six-weeks of DMBA followed by 18-weeks of topical application of boswellic acid and curcumin,both boswellic acid (5,10 mg/L) and curcumin (5,10 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the incidence from 93.8％ to 73.9％ (P＞0.05),numbers from 2.19 ± 0.98 to 1.13 ± 0.81 (P ＜ 0.01) and size of visible tumors.Microscopically the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and BrdU index were also significantly suppressed by boswellic acid and curcumin.Conclusions Both boswellic acid and curcumin were effective in preventing oral carcinogenesis in DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch model.

BACKGROUND:As a kind of undifferentiated precursor cells,the phenotypic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains immaturity,thus it presents weak rejection following transplantation.However,the in vitro directional differentiation of BMSCs into neuronal cells is easy affected by various factors.OBJECTIVE:To observe the immunomodulatory effect and the potential of BMSCs differentiate into neuronal-like cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A contrast observation was conducted at the Department of Cytology,Third People's Hospital of Wuxi from January 2008 to March 2009.MATERIALS:Bone marrow was harvested from chips of cancellous or ilium bone dudng hip joint surgery.METHODS:Firstly,the BMSCs were separated and cultured to establish mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) system.Secondly,2 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1×10~5/well) were added into 96-well plate,and then BMSCs treated by mitomycin were added according to different ratios (BMSCs/peripheral blood monouclear cells).At the end,the cells were cultured as follows:Method 1:DMEM+10% fetal calf serum+1 μmol/L RA +20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor+20 μg/L epidermal growth factor.Method 2:DMEM+2% dimethyl sulfoxide +100 μmol/L butylated hydroxyanisole.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The growth rate of lymphocyte was measured by ~3H-Thymidine,and the effect of BMSCs on lymphocyte proliferation was observed.Additionally,the differentiation potential of BMSCs into neuronel cells was determined by immunofluorescenca and immunohistochemistrical staining.RESULTS:①The BMSCs inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in MLR system and the influence on proliferation of lymphocyte was direct related to ratio of BMSCs.②Under a light microscope,cytoplasm of BMScs were shrinkd,which presented typical perikaryon morphology at hour 2 after culture with method 1.The majority of BMSCs were formed neuronal-like cells without number changes at hours 3-5,which turned to be dipolar or multipolar neuronal shapes at day 3.There were 60%-70% neuronspecific enolase,45%-50% glial fibrillary acidic protein were positive expressed.However,the positive rate of nidogen was decreased 3.4%.Cells cultured with method 2 became smaller after 2 hours,formed dipolar or multipolar body cells,and most of cells were died after 48 hours.The 40%-50% neuronspecific enolase,35%-40% glial fibrillary acidic protein was found to be positive.The positive rate of nidogen was temporary increased to 63% at hour 2 after culture；however,it was decreased to 1.6% after 48 hours.CONCLUSION:BMSCs can differentiate into neuronal-like cells,as well as inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in MLR system,which possess down regulation effect on alloimmunity-reaction.