Objective: To explore the causal link of cumulative ecological risk and future orientation with health risk behaviors among higher vocational college students, so as to provide reference for reducing and preventing health risk behaviors among higher vocational college students. Methods: A longitudinal follow up study was conducted on 612 students using convenience sampling from 2 vocational colleges in Hunan Province. The Cumulative Ecological Risk Scale, Future Orientation Scale, and Health Risk Behavior Scale were used during three follow up visits (T1: September 2022, T2: June 2023, T3: March 2024), and a cross lagged panel model was constructed to examine the longitudinal causal relationship of cumulative ecological risk, future orientation and health risk behaviors. Analysis of longitudinal intermediary effect between variables by Bootstrap. Results: The cumulative ecological risk scores of T1, T2 and T3 among higher vocational college students were (2.94±1.44,2.99±1.63,3.02±1.54), future orientation scores (40.49±4.71,41.51±5.72,41.06±4.35) and health risk behavior scores (3.73±2.01,3.49±2.00,3.23±2.00). The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the future orientation score of T2 was higher than that of T1, and the main effect of measurement time was statistically significant ( F=5.09，P＜0.01,η 2=0.02). The health risk behavior score of T1 was higher than that of T2, and the health risk behavior score of T2 was higher than that of T3, and the main effect of measurement time was statistically significant ( F=10.12，P＜0.01,η 2=0.03).The cross lagged model showed good adaptability, with χ 2/df =7.20 ( P <0.01), relative fitting indicators GFI=0.98, CFI=0.99, TLI=0.96, IFI=0.99, NFI =0.99, and absolute fitting indicator RMSEA =0.06. Among them, the T1, T2 cumulative ecological risk showed negatively predictive effects on T2, T3 future orientation ( β =-0.24, -0.47 ), and T1, T2 cumulative ecological risk positively predicted T2, T3 health risk behavior ( β =0.20, 0.24), while T1, T2 future orientation negatively predicted T2, T3 health risk behavior ( β =-0.25, -0.18) ( P ＜0.01). Bootstrap test analysis found that T2 future orientation had a longitudinal mediating effect ( β=0.04, P ＜0.01) on the T1 cumulative ecological risk and T3 health risk behavior. Conclusions The accumulation of ecological risk among higher vocational college students can positively predict health risk behaviors, while future orientation can negatively predict healthrisk behaviors. Moreover, future orientation plays a longitudinal mediating role between accumulated ecological risks and health risk behaviors.

BACKGROUND: The effect of the interval between previous Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and rescue treatment on therapeutic outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between eradication rates and treatment interval durations in H. pylori infections. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2023 at six tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. We recruited patients who were positive for H. pylori infection and required rescue treatment. Demographic information, previous times of eradication therapy, last eradication therapy date, and history of antibiotic use data were collected. The patients were divided into four groups based on the rescue treatment interval length: Group A, ≥4 weeks and ≤3 months; Group B, >3 and ≤6 months; Group C, >6 and ≤12 months; and Group D, >12 months. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori . Drug compliance and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed. Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare eradication rates between groups. RESULTS: A total of 670 patients were enrolled in this study. The intention-to-treat (ITT) eradication rates were 88.3% (158/179) in Group A, 89.6% (120/134) in Group B, 89.1% (123/138) in Group C, and 87.7% (192/219) in Group D. The per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 92.9% (156/168) in Group A, 94.5% (120/127) in Group B, 94.5% (121/128) in Group C, and 93.6% (190/203) in Group D. There was no statistically significant difference in the eradication rates between groups in either the ITT ( P = 0.949) or PP analysis ( P = 0.921). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of AEs ( P = 0.934) or drug compliance ( P = 0.849) between groups. CONCLUSION: The interval duration of rescue treatment had no significant effect on H. pylori eradication rates or the incidence of AEs. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05173493.
Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy* ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity* ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects* ; Adult ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

BACKGROUND: Early control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial for reducing the progress of cardiovascular disease. However, its additional role to the risk of primary osteoporosis in men with coronary heart disease was inconclusive. Our study aims to determine the association of LDL-C and its trajectories for osteoporosis risk in the middle-aged and aged men of China. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study of 1546 men aged 69.74 ± 11.30 years conducted in Beijing, China from 2015 to 2022. And the incidence of primary osteoporosis was annually recorded. LDL-C trajectories were further identified by latent class growth model using repeated measurements of LDL-C. The association of baseline LDL-C for osteoporosis was estimated using hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI in Cox proportional hazard model, while mean level and trajectories of LDL-C for osteoporosis were evaluated using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI in logistic regression model. RESULTS: During the median 6.2-year follow-up period, 70 men developed primary osteoporosis. The higher level of baseline LDL-C (HR = 1.539, 95% CI: 1.012-2.342) and mean LDL-C (OR = 2.190, 95% CI: 1.443-3.324) were associated with higher risk of osteoporosis in men with coronary heart disease after adjusted for covariates. Compared with those in the LDL-C trajectory of low-stable decrease, participants with medium-fluctuant trajectory, whose longitudinal LDL-C started with a medium LDL-C level and appeared an increase and then decrease, were negatively associated with osteoporosis risk (OR = 2.451, 95% CI: 1.152-5.216). And participants with initially high LDL-C level and then a rapid decrease demonstrated a tendency towards reduced risk (OR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.212-2.437). CONCLUSIONS Elevated LDL-C level and its long-term fluctuation may increase the risk of primary osteoporosis in men. Early controlling a stable level of LDL-C is also essential for bone health.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) encompasses damage to nerves located outside the central nervous system, adversely affecting both motor and sensory functions. Although peripheral nerves possess an intrinsic capacity for self-repair, severe injuries frequently result in significant tissue loss and erroneous axonal junctions, thereby impeding complete recovery and potentially causing neuropathic pain. Various therapeutic strategies, including surgical interventions, biomaterials, and pharmacological agents, have been developed to enhance nerve repair processes. While preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated the efficacy of certain pharmacological agents in promoting nerve regeneration and mitigating inflammation, only a limited number of these agents have been translated into clinical practice to expedite nerve regeneration. Chinese herb medicine (CHM) possesses a longstanding history in the treatment of various ailments and demonstrates potential efficacy in addressing PNI through its distinctive, cost-effective, and multifaceted methodologies. This review critically examines the advancements in the application of CHM for PNI treatment and nerve regeneration. In particular, we have summarized the most commonly employed and rigorously investigated CHM prescriptions, individual herbs, and natural products, elucidating their respective functions and underlying mechanisms in the context of PNI treatment. Furthermore, we have deliberated on the prospective development of CHM in both clinical practice and fundamental research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Nerve Regeneration/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical experience of kidney transplantation from donors with Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods Clinical data of 2 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS patient were retrospectively analyzed and literature review of 2 cases was conducted. Characteristics and clinical diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplantation from MFS patients were summarized. Results The Remuzzi scores of the left and right donor kidneys of the MFS patient during time-zero biopsy were 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed in the renal arteriole wall compared with other donors of brain death and cardiac death. Two recipients who received kidney transplantation from the MFS patient suffered from postoperative delayed graft function. After short-term hemodialysis, the graft function of the recipients received the left and right kidney began to gradually recover at postoperative 10 d and 20 d. After discharge, serum creatinine level of the recipient received the left kidney was ranged from 80 to 90 μmol/L, whereas that of the recipient received the right kidney kept declining, and the lowest serum creatinine level was 232 μmol/L before the submission date (at postoperative 43 d). Through literature review, two cases successfully undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS donor were reported. Both two recipients experienced delayed graft function, and then renal function was restored to normal. Until the publication date, 1 recipient has survived for 6 years, and the other recipient died of de novo cerebrovascular disease at postoperative 2 years. Conclusions MFS patients may serve as an acceptable source of kidney donors. However, the willingness and general conditions of the recipients should be carefully evaluated before kidney transplantation. Intraoperatively, potential risk of tear of renal arterial media should be properly treated. Extensive attention should be paid to the incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To evaluate the effect of irregular follow-up during normalized prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic on BK virus (BKV) reactivation and clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 363 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into the pre-epidemic follow-up group and during-epidemic follow-up group according to the follow-up time. All patients were followed up for 1 year. The follow-up interval was compared between two groups. The infection of BKV and the correlation between the infection process of BKV and renal graft function were analyzed in two groups. Results A total of 1 790 preson-times were followed up before COVID-19 epidemic and 2 680 during COVID-19 epidemic. Compared with the during-epidemic follow-up group, the follow-up intervals within 3, 3-6 and 7-12 months after kidney transplantation were shorter in the pre-epidemic follow-up group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Within 1 year after kidney transplantation, 35 cases（32%） were diagnosed with BKV viruria, 3 cases（3%） of BKV viremia and 1 case（1%） of BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in the pre-epidemic follow-up group, and 53（25%）, 3（1%） and 1（1%） in the during-epidemic follow-up group, with no statistical significance (all P>0.05). In the pre-epidemic follow-up group, the time for the initial diagnosis of BKV viruria was longer and the viral load of the first urinary BKV reactivation was smaller than those in the during-epidemic follow-up group, with statistical significance (both P<0.05). The load of the first urinary BKV reactivation was positively correlated with the peak load of urinary BKV, and the differences between the baseline and serum creatinine levels at 1 and 3 months after BKV reactivation (all P<0.05). Conclusions Irregular follow-up after kidney transplantation may lead to early BKV reactivation and higher detection value of the first viral load of urinary BKV, delay diagnosis and interventions, and lead to poor prognosis. It is urgent to establish a remote follow-up system to meet the follow-up requirements of kidney transplant recipients when public health incidents occur.

Objective To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus outbreaks and the genome evolution of Norovirus epidemic strains in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022.Methods The information and samples have been collected from the norovirus outbreaks from 2020 to 2022.Norovirus was detected by using the real-time PCR in these samples,then the detected sequences were amplified the analyzed.The Norovirus se-quences of 8 strains had been amplified and analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2022,39 gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported,and 25 outbreaks caused by Norovirus which mainly occurred in childcare institutions and schools(20/25,80％).The Norovirus outbreaks were mainly concentrated in counties around Haikou(northeast),which including Ding'an(5 cases),Wenchang(4 cases),Chengmai(4 cases),and Lingao(3 cases);following by western regions which included Baisha(2 cases),Ledong(2 cases),and Dongfang(3 cases).1 case was in Wanning in the southeast.Among individuals aged 2-17,the positive proportion of Norovirus in males was higher than that in females.Among individuals aged over 55,the proportion of Norovirus positive in females was higher than that in males.The gender of positive samples among individuals aged 18-40 was related to their profession.According to RT-PCR typing and sequencing,GⅡ group Norovirus were classified in13 outbreaks.There were 4 genotypes detected.GⅡ.2[P1 6]was the main epidemic strain with 60％(9/13),and the other three genotypes were GⅡ.4 Sydney[P31](15.4％,2/13)GⅡ.4 Sydney[P16](7.7％,1/13)and GⅡ.3[P12](7.7％,1/13).Further genic analysis of 8 Norovirus strains showed that all of them were still in the same branch as the previ-ous strain,and all exhibited a certain amount of amino acid variation.Conclusion Norovirus is the main pathogen of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hainan province,and the main epidemic strain is GⅡ.2[P16].It is necessary to continue to strengthen the monitoring that provides scientific evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus out-breaks in Hainan region.

Objective To investigate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSPs)on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant system and mitochondrial biosynthesis in testes of arsenic-exposed mice.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group,model group,GSPs group and experimental group.The mice in the model group and the experimental group drank sodium arsenite solution(10 mg·L-1 arsenic)to induce testicular injury.GSPs group and experimental group were given 100 mg·kg-1 GSPs by gavage,control group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage once a day for 8 weeks.The histological parameters of testes were measured by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in testicular tissue were determined by kit method.The expression levels of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQ01)were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of Nrf2 protein in testicular tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of mitochondrial synthesis-related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The diameters of seminiferous tubules in control group,model group,GSPs group and experimental group were(184.32±14.14),(170.41±10.70),(186.87±8.03)and(181.70±9.15)μm;the contents of MDA were(2.30±0.26),(3.28±0.64),(2.32±0.40)and(2.74±0.31)nmol·mg-1;the proportions of Nrf2 positive cells were(46.50±11.98)％,(22.33±8.82)％,(51.67±12.44)％and(39.83±8.35)％;the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 were 1.00±0.21,0.51±0.10,1.00±0.28 and 0.80±0.06;the mRNA expression levels of NQO1 were 1.00±0.18,0.59±0.11,1.09±0.28 and 0.81±0.08;the contents of ATP were(491.83±67.16),(368.81±69.93),(512.44±70.96)and(472.20±68.24)μmol·g-1;the relative expression levels of PGC-1α protein were 1.00±0.06,0.22±0.03,0.94±0.05 and 0.48±0.05;the relative expression levels of TFAM were 1.00±0.07,0.32±0.05,0.80±0.05 and 0.67±0.06.The above indexes in the experimental group were statistically significant compared with the model group(all P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion GSPs has a protective effect against arsenic-induced testicular injury in mice by activating the Nfr2 antioxidant system and promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Methamphetamine(METH)is highly addictive and neurotoxic,which causes cognitive and memory dysfunction in abusers.The harm of METH lies not only in its own toxicity,but also in the high physical and mental dependence of drug addicts,often causing mental disorders and violent behavior,bringing great safety risks to society.Non-coding RNA(ncRNA)does not encode proteins and is an important factor in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.Studies have shown that ncRNA plays an important regulatory role in methamphetamine-induced addiction and neurotoxicity,but the specific mechanism is unclear.This article reviews the current research progress of ncRNA in regulating METH-induced addiction and neurotoxicity to provide a reference for ncRNA as a forensic identification index and potential therapeutic target for METH abusers.

BACKGROUND:Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people.It is a kind of disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even has the risk of disability.Therefore,the pathogenesis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis have become the focus of research.In Chinese medicine,knee osteoarthritis is often treated as"biness,"which is closely related to"biness"caused by blood stasis and blood vessels blocking collaterals in the theory of"blood stasis"in traditional Chinese medicine.Iron overload is a kind of pathological state caused by iron metabolism disorder,which highly coincides with the pathogenic characteristics and clinical manifestations of the"blood stasis"theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and is a risk factor that promotes the development of knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:Based on the"blood stasis"theory,to summarize the effects of iron overload on cartilage metabolism and subchondral bone reconstruction,to lay a new theoretical foundation for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with traditional Chinese medicine,and to explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation after interfering with bone tissue. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang database,PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature.The Chinese search terms were"ferroptosis,iron,iron overload,osteoarthritis,blood stasis"and the English search terms were"ferroptosis,iron,iron overload,osteoarthritis,TCM."In the end,76 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:First of all,we explored the potential of the"blood stasis"theory in treating knee osteoarthritis,and found that"blood stasis"is a crucial part in the progress of knee osteoarthritis,indicating that the"blood stasis"theory is the key to the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in traditional Chinese medicine.Secondly,"blood stasis"and iron overload have a high degree of similarity in pathogenic factors,clinical manifestations,and pathogenic characteristics,suggesting the possibility of"blood stasis"theory in treating iron overload.This finding reminds us that iron overload may be an important mechanistic basis for the"blood stasis"theory in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.The extracts of blood-activating drugs can relieve iron overload and treat knee osteoarthritis,but the specific mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,we believe that the relationship between"blood stasis"theory and iron overload and related mechanisms are important research directions for knee osteoarthritis in the future.The related mechanism of"blood stasis"theory to alleviate iron overload and then treat knee osteoarthritis also provides a theoretical basis for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine,such as the development of new drugs and innovative usage,and has certain guiding significance for clinical practice.