Middle compartment defects,a common subtype of pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD),are primarily characterized by the prolapse of the uterus or vaginal vault.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for PFD,offering superior soft tissue resolution while eliminating exposure to ionizing radiation.This review comprehensive summarizes current applications of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of PFD,covering measurement methods,manifestations of three-level structural defects,postoperative efficacy evaluation,vaginal axial assessment,and evaluation of the mesh status.The authors suggest that MRI enables precise preoperative evaluation of three-level defects,thereby facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans.Additionally,MRI provides an accurate postoperative assessment of surgical outcomes and mesh status,offering a new basis for postoperative assessment.MRI demonstrates unique value in the diagnosis and treatment of middle compartment defects.

Osteoporosis is common in elderly population.The risk of falls and bone fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis are closely related to the elderly syndrome[1].This article introduces the coexistence of osteoporosis and geriatric syndrome,which will limit the functional independence of patients and lead to more complex medical man-agement.Osteoporosis has some association with common geriatric syndromes,and patients with osteoporosis are more likely to suffer from more geriatric syndromes,and their quality of life and prognosis are worse.This article re-views epidemiological status,influencing factors and management strategies of osteoporosis comorbid with geriatric syndrome,aiming to provide a basis for the integrated management of osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which artesunate(ART)attenuates intestinal mucosal barrier damage in acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)and the synergistic effect of ART in combination with dexamethasone(DXM)in the treatment of aGVHD mice.Methods The aGVHD mouse model was established by bone marrow haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.The mice were divided into 9 groups,including normal mice control(Ctrl),aGVHD mice(aGVHD),normal mice receiving ART[30 mg/(kg·d)],aGVHD mice receiving low-dose ART[10 mg/(kg·d)],aGVHD mice receiving medium-dose ART[30 mg/(kg·d)],aGVHD mice receiving high-dose ART[50 mg/(kg·d)],aGVHD mice receiving DXM[20 mg/(kg·d)],aGVHD mice receiving ART[30 mg/(kg·d)]and DXM[20 mg/(kg·d)],and aGVHD mice receiving ART[30 mg/(kg·d)]and halved DXM[10 mg/(kg·d)].Survival rate and clinical parameters were assessed.HE staining and Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff(AB-PAS)staining were used to observe the histopathological changes in the intestinal mucosa of the mice;Real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the structure of the intestinal mucosal barrier,the T cell differentiation related transcription factors and cytokines,and the key enzymes of energy metabolism.Flow cytometry was used to detect the T helper cell 17(Th17)and regulatory T cells(Treg).Results After 30 days of ART treatment,aGVHD mice showed significant relief of systemic symptoms and increase in survival rate.In aGVHD mice treated with ART,the intestinal mucosal barrier structure was restored,and the intestinal mucosal permeability was reduced.The activity of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mTOR pathway was inhibited,and the energy metabolism pattern of T cells was dominated by fatty acid synthesis.The balance of Th17/Treg was restored due to the decrease of Th 17 and the increase of Treg.The effect of ART+DXM treatment on aGVHD mice was comparable to that of DXM treatment alone,and the survival rate of mice was higher.In particular,the recovery of the intestinal mucosal barrier function was most obvious in the mice treated with ART+half-dose DXM.Conclusion ART reduces the immune injury of allo-T cells to the intestinal mucosal barrier by recovering the Th17/Treg balance,thus maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier function.The synergistic effect of ART and DXM combination treatment in aGVHD mice can reduce the incidence of DXM side effects by decreasing the dosage of DXM.

Cancer represents a major worldwide disease burden marked by escalating incidence and mortality. While therapeutic advances persist, developing safer and precisely targeted modalities remains imperative. Nanomedicines emerges as a transformative paradigm leveraging distinctive physicochemical properties to achieve tumor-specific drug delivery, controlled release, and tumor microenvironment modulation. By synergizing passive enhanced permeation and retention effect-driven accumulation and active ligand-mediated targeting, nanoplatforms enhance pharmacokinetics, promote tumor microenvironment enrichment, and improve cellular internalization while mitigating systemic toxicity. Despite revolutionizing cancer therapy through enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced adverse effects, translational challenges persist in manufacturing scalability, longterm biosafety, and cost-efficiency. This review systematically analyzes cutting-edge nanoplatforms, including polymeric, lipidic, biomimetic, albumin-based, peptide engineered, DNA origami, and inorganic nanocarriers, while evaluating their strategic advantages and technical limitations across three therapeutic domains: immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. By assessing structure-function correlations and clinical translation barriers, this work establishes mechanistic and translational references to advance oncological nanomedicine development.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Animals ; Nanomedicine/methods* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Radiotherapy/methods*

The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including gene expression, metabolic regulation, immune response, and the sleep-wake cycle in living organisms. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms to maintain the precise oscillation of the circadian clock. By modulating the stability, activity, cell localization and protein-protein interactions of core clock proteins, PTMs enable these proteins to respond dynamically to environmental and intracellular changes, thereby sustaining the periodic oscillations of the circadian clock. Different types of PTMs exert their effects through distincting molecular mechanisms, collectively ensuring the proper function of the circadian system. This review systematically summarized several major types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidative modification, and overviewed their roles in regulating the core clock proteins and the associated pathways, with the goals of providing a theoretical foundation for the deeper understanding of clock mechanisms and the treatment of diseases associated with circadian disruption.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/physiology* ; Circadian Clocks/physiology* ; Phosphorylation ; Acetylation ; Ubiquitination ; Sumoylation

Objective: To explore the active components, key targets, and mechanism of action of turnip in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis(PF) based on network pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods: The active components and targets of Brassica rapa L. were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform database, and PF-related targets were obtained from disease databases such as online mendelian inheritance of man(OMIM) and DrugBank. The intersection targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network to identify core targets, followed by gene oncology(GO)/Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. In the animal experiments, a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model was established. Pathological changes in lung tissue were evaluated using HE and Masson staining. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), and akstrain transforming 1(AKT1), and immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the protein expression of TNF-α, PI3K, and AKT1. Results: The 68 active components identified in Brassica rapa L. may regulate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by acting on 89 potential targets such as TNF-α and AKT1. The results of animal experiments showed that polysaccharide of Brassica rapa L.(BRPs) could significantly reduce the degree of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice; HE and Masson staining of lung tissue showed that compared with the model group, the damage of alveolar structure, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the deposition of collagen fibers in the BRPs treatment group were significantly reduced. Further mechanism studies showed that BRPs could significantly down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, PI3K and AKT1 in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis mice. Conclusion Brassica rapa L. can synergistically alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through “multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel” approach; BRPs is one of the main active components, and plays an anti-fibrosis role by inhibiting TNF-α/PI3K Akt signaling pathway.