ObjectiveRetinal vein occlusion （RVO） is the second most common vascular disease leading to vision loss. Since its pathogenesis remains unclear， current Western medical treatments primarily target complications such as macular edema and neovascularization. The main therapeutic approaches include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） agents or corticosteroids， laser photocoagulation， and pars plana vitrectomy. However， these treatments cannot fully reverse disease progression or structural damage. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RVO， and integrated Chinese and Western medicine approaches may offer better clinical outcomes. This study， based on the clinical manifestations of RVO， systematically reviews the existing literature and evaluates the alignment of current RVO animal models with clinical manifestations. The aim is to identify the characteristics and limitations of existing models and provide recommendations and prospects for developing RVO animal models featuring the combination of disease and syndrome. MethodsDatabases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， PubMed， and Web of Science were searched with the keywords of "retinal vein occlusion" and "animal model". Model characteristics were assessed based on the diagnostic criteria for diseases and syndromes in both TCM and Western medicine. The alignment of each model with clinical manifestations was analyzed and evaluated. ResultsThe available RVO models were primarily established via methods such as laser photocoagulation， photodynamic therapy， diathermy， intravitreal drug injection， and mechanical modeling. These models demonstrated moderate overall alignment with clinical manifestations， mainly reflecting disease characteristics. However， they generally lack representation of TCM syndrome features. ConclusionExisting RVO models are predominantly based on Western medicine and lack TCM syndrome features. Western medical treatments for RVO have certain limitations， while syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM offer potential advantages. Future research should focus on developing disease-syndrome integrated animal models that incorporate both pathological features and TCM syndrome characteristics. This approach will enhance the design of RVO models and facilitate both basic and clinical research， which make it a scientifically valuable and necessary endeavor.

ObjectiveRetinal vein occlusion （RVO） is the second most common vascular disease leading to vision loss. Since its pathogenesis remains unclear， current Western medical treatments primarily target complications such as macular edema and neovascularization. The main therapeutic approaches include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） agents or corticosteroids， laser photocoagulation， and pars plana vitrectomy. However， these treatments cannot fully reverse disease progression or structural damage. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RVO， and integrated Chinese and Western medicine approaches may offer better clinical outcomes. This study， based on the clinical manifestations of RVO， systematically reviews the existing literature and evaluates the alignment of current RVO animal models with clinical manifestations. The aim is to identify the characteristics and limitations of existing models and provide recommendations and prospects for developing RVO animal models featuring the combination of disease and syndrome. MethodsDatabases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， PubMed， and Web of Science were searched with the keywords of "retinal vein occlusion" and "animal model". Model characteristics were assessed based on the diagnostic criteria for diseases and syndromes in both TCM and Western medicine. The alignment of each model with clinical manifestations was analyzed and evaluated. ResultsThe available RVO models were primarily established via methods such as laser photocoagulation， photodynamic therapy， diathermy， intravitreal drug injection， and mechanical modeling. These models demonstrated moderate overall alignment with clinical manifestations， mainly reflecting disease characteristics. However， they generally lack representation of TCM syndrome features. ConclusionExisting RVO models are predominantly based on Western medicine and lack TCM syndrome features. Western medical treatments for RVO have certain limitations， while syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM offer potential advantages. Future research should focus on developing disease-syndrome integrated animal models that incorporate both pathological features and TCM syndrome characteristics. This approach will enhance the design of RVO models and facilitate both basic and clinical research， which make it a scientifically valuable and necessary endeavor.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of sodium pyruvate (SP) on RBC storage lesions using an oxidative damage model. Methods: Six units of leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs (discarded for non-infectious reasons within three days post-collection) were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (NS), positive control (PS), experimental group 1 (SP1), and experimental group 2 (SP2). Oxidative stress was induced in the PS group by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H O ), while SP1 and SP2 received SP supplementation at different concentrations (25 mM and 50 mM, respectively) in the presence of H O . After 1 hour of incubation, RBC morphology was assessed microscopically, and biochemical indicators including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), methemoglobin (MetHb), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and Na /K -ATPase activity were measured. Results: RBCs in the PS group exhibited pronounced morphological damage, including cell shrinkage and echinocyte formation, whereas both SP-treated groups showed significantly reduced structural injury. SP treatment led to elevated GSH levels and decreased concentrations of MDA and MetHb, suggesting attenuation of oxidative stress. Additionally, SP enhanced intracellular ATP levels and Na /K -ATPase activity, thereby contributing to membrane stability. Notably, the SP2 group (50 mM) demonstrated superior protective effects compared to SP1 (25 mM). Conclusion: Sodium pyruvate effectively attenuates oxidative storage lesions in RBCs, primarily through its antioxidant properties, energy metabolism supporting ability, and celluar membrane stabilizing function. These findings suggest SP as a promising additive for enhancing the quality and safety of stored RBCs.

BACKGROUND: Early control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial for reducing the progress of cardiovascular disease. However, its additional role to the risk of primary osteoporosis in men with coronary heart disease was inconclusive. Our study aims to determine the association of LDL-C and its trajectories for osteoporosis risk in the middle-aged and aged men of China. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study of 1546 men aged 69.74 ± 11.30 years conducted in Beijing, China from 2015 to 2022. And the incidence of primary osteoporosis was annually recorded. LDL-C trajectories were further identified by latent class growth model using repeated measurements of LDL-C. The association of baseline LDL-C for osteoporosis was estimated using hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI in Cox proportional hazard model, while mean level and trajectories of LDL-C for osteoporosis were evaluated using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI in logistic regression model. RESULTS: During the median 6.2-year follow-up period, 70 men developed primary osteoporosis. The higher level of baseline LDL-C (HR = 1.539, 95% CI: 1.012-2.342) and mean LDL-C (OR = 2.190, 95% CI: 1.443-3.324) were associated with higher risk of osteoporosis in men with coronary heart disease after adjusted for covariates. Compared with those in the LDL-C trajectory of low-stable decrease, participants with medium-fluctuant trajectory, whose longitudinal LDL-C started with a medium LDL-C level and appeared an increase and then decrease, were negatively associated with osteoporosis risk (OR = 2.451, 95% CI: 1.152-5.216). And participants with initially high LDL-C level and then a rapid decrease demonstrated a tendency towards reduced risk (OR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.212-2.437). CONCLUSIONS Elevated LDL-C level and its long-term fluctuation may increase the risk of primary osteoporosis in men. Early controlling a stable level of LDL-C is also essential for bone health.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) encompasses damage to nerves located outside the central nervous system, adversely affecting both motor and sensory functions. Although peripheral nerves possess an intrinsic capacity for self-repair, severe injuries frequently result in significant tissue loss and erroneous axonal junctions, thereby impeding complete recovery and potentially causing neuropathic pain. Various therapeutic strategies, including surgical interventions, biomaterials, and pharmacological agents, have been developed to enhance nerve repair processes. While preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated the efficacy of certain pharmacological agents in promoting nerve regeneration and mitigating inflammation, only a limited number of these agents have been translated into clinical practice to expedite nerve regeneration. Chinese herb medicine (CHM) possesses a longstanding history in the treatment of various ailments and demonstrates potential efficacy in addressing PNI through its distinctive, cost-effective, and multifaceted methodologies. This review critically examines the advancements in the application of CHM for PNI treatment and nerve regeneration. In particular, we have summarized the most commonly employed and rigorously investigated CHM prescriptions, individual herbs, and natural products, elucidating their respective functions and underlying mechanisms in the context of PNI treatment. Furthermore, we have deliberated on the prospective development of CHM in both clinical practice and fundamental research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Nerve Regeneration/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To explore the related factors and independent risk factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy, and to guide the optimization of treatment plan for BC and reduce the incidence of RP.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 770 female breast cancer patients who received postoperative radiotherapy at Deyang People's Hospital between July 2021 and September 2024. The occurrence of RP was observed, and potential clinical and dosimetric factors were analyzed. Continuous variables were assessed using the t-test, categorical variables with the chi-square test, and univariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with RP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find out the independent risk factors of RP, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of each factor. Results:Among 770 patients, 46 developed RP (34 grade 1, 12 grade 2). Univariate analysis showed that surgical method, chemotherapy regimen, interval between chemotherapy and radiotherapy, age, planning target volume, and maximum dose of the ipsilateral lung were not associated with RP (all P>0.05). Clinical stage ( χ2=7.84, P=0.020), chest wall + supraclavicular + internal mammary lymph node irradiation ( χ2=104.50, P<0.001), supraclavicular + internal mammary lymph node irradiation ( χ2=8.90, P=0.003), number of chemotherapy cycles ( t=9.88, P<0.001), and ipsilateral lung V 5 Gy( t=16.47, P<0.001), V 10 Gy( t=18.70, P<0.001), V 15 Gy( t=20.23, P<0.001), V 20 Gy( t=23.39, P<0.001), V 25 Gy( t=21.68, P<0.001), V 30 Gy( t=21.67, P<0.001), V 35 Gy( t=20.67, P<0.001), V 40 Gy( t=19.96, P<0.001), V 45 Gy( t=18.59, P<0.001), V 50 Gy( t=11.69, P<0.001), D mean( t=30.76, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of RP. Multivariate analysis revealed that ipsilateral lung V 5 Gy ( OR=1.258, 95% CI: 1.143-1.384, P<0.001), number of chemotherapy cycles ( OR=2.767, 95% CI: 1.781-4.299, P<0.001), and chest wall + supraclavicular + internal mammary lymph node irradiation ( OR=7.926, 95% CI: 2.943-21.349, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for RP. Using V 5 Gy=51.65% as the diagnostic cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting RP were 0.870 and 0.804, respectively. Taking the number of chemotherapy cycles=6.50 as the cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting RP were 0.891 and 0.586, respectively. Taking 0.50 as the diagnostic cutoff point, the sensitivity and specificity of chest wall + supraclavicular + internal mammary lymph node irradiation for RP were 0.870 and 0.797, respectively. Conclusions:The number of chemotherapy cycles, ipsilateral lung V 5 Gy, and chest wall + supraclavicular + internal mammary lymph node irradiation are independent risk factors for RP in postoperative female breast cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Omaha system interventional management on therapeutic effect and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during follow-up in patients with heart failure(HF).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 HF patients treated in Second Affiliated Hospital of Chi-nese PLA Air Force Military Medical University between January 2021 and January 2023.They were divided into control group(n=55,routine nursing)and intervention group(n=55,interventional management based on Omaha system).Both groups received intervention for 1 month and were followed up for 6 months.The heart function,negative emotion,self-care capacity,quality of life,and cumulative incidence of MACE during the 6-month fol-low-up were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with patients in the control group,those in the in-tervention group had significant higher left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(60.32±4.79)％vs.(50.11±4.58)％],scores of exercise of self-care agency(ESCA)[(142.33±6.58)points vs.(89.26±7.19)points]and General Quality of Life Inventory 74(GQOLI-74)[(88.61±4.15)points vs.(70.59±7.85)points](P＜0.001 all),and significant lower left atrial diameter(LAD)[(36.18±2.98)mm vs.(40.25±3.05)mm],left ventricu-lar end-systolic diameter(LVESd)[(42.11±3.46)mm vs.(48.49±3.78)mm],scores of hospital anxiety and depression scale[HADS(A)][(10.05±2.11)points vs.(14.33±2.05)points]and HADS(D)[(9.15±1.31)points vs.(13.37±2.18)points](P＜0.001 all).The incidence rate of MACE in intervention group(9.09％vs.29.09％)was significantly lower than that of control group(P=0.004).Conclusion:Omaha system interventional management could significantly improve cardiac function and negative emotions,improve self-care capacity and quality of life,and reduce the incidence of MACE during follow-up in patients with heart failure.

Objective To compare the fifth-generation total-etch adhesive system,the sixth-generation self-etching adhesive system and the eighth-generation universal adhesive system in terms of the bonding effectiveness for sclerotic dentin.Methods A total of 150 patients with caries in the occlusal surface of the mandibular right first molar who were examined between January 2022 and June 2022 at the dental department of some hospital were selected prospectively,and then enrolled into an ASB group,a SEB group and a SBU group and underwent Class Ⅰ cavity restorations on the mandibular right first molar,with 50 affected teeth in each group.The adhesives involved in included 3MTM AdperTM Single Bond 2(the fifth-generation total-etch adhesive system)for the ASB group,ClearfilTM SE Bond(the sixth-generation self-etching adhesive system)for the SEB group and 3MTM Single Bond Universal(the eighth-generation universal adhesive system)for the SBU group.Postoperative sensitivity was evaluated using a visual analog scale(VAS)1 week,6 months,1 year and 2 years after the operation in the three groups,and clinical performance—including color match,anatomic form,surface texture,marginal adaptation,marginal discoloration and secondary caries—was assessed based on the modified United States Public Health Service(USPHS)criteria at the same follow-up intervals.SPSS 27.0 software was used for data analysis.Results All the three groups showed a 100％restoration retention rate over the 2-year follow-up period.At 1 week postoperatively,2 cases of mild allergic reactions occurred in both the ASB group and the SEB group;these reactions resolved by 6 months postoperatively.No allergic reactions were observed in the SBU group.The three groups showed no statistically significant differences in sensitivity(P>0.05)and color match,anatomic form,surface texture,marginal adaptation,marginal discoloration and secondary caries(P>0.05).Conclusion The eighth-generation universal adhesive 3MTM Single Bond Universal demonstrates comparable clinical effectiveness to the fifth-and sixth-generation adhesives in Class Ⅰ cavity restorations,and can be used for dental restorations with high requirements for operational efficiency and universal adaptability.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):72-78]