To summarize the clinical experience of Professor WANG Jie in treating palpitation using the method of tonifying the kidneys and invigorating blood. It is believed that kidney yang deficiency and heart vessel stasis are the key pathogenesis of palpitation， and it is advocated to treat palpitation by tonifying the kidney and invigorating the blood. Meanwhile，the methods of draining water， dissolving phlegm， and fortifying the spleen to supplement the blood should be applied. For palpitation with kidney yang deficiency and heart vessel stasis with upward water， the treatment could use self-prescribed Bushen Huoxue Lishui Formula （补肾活血利水方）； for palpitation with phlegm obstruction in blood vessel， the treatment could use self-prescribed Bushen Huoxue Huatan Formula （补肾活血化痰方）； for palpitation with spleen yang deficiency， the treatment could use self-prescribed Bushen Huoxue Jianpi Formula （补肾活血健脾方）.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the trends in research keywords and topics in the field of urology based on text mining over the recent decades. The investigation looked into changes in frequent subject keywords and the trends in prevailing research topics, as reflected in representative urology journals over recent decades. Materials and Methods: A total of 27,129 bibliographic documents were collected from four urology journals, including European Urology, Journal of Urology, BJU International, and World Journal of Urology. The study then examined the changes in the most frequent author keywords over the decades. Moreover, structured topic modeling was employed to identify twenty prevailing research topics in urology and to examine their trends across different periods. Results: The study observed consistently increasing patterns in author keywords and topics related to the prostate and oncology.Conversely, research fields such as pediatrics, male infertility, voiding dysfunction, and cancer biology exhibited a downward trend in urology. Potential factors or reasons underlying these trends were further discussed in this study. Conclusions This exploratory study uncovered major research topics in the discipline of urology. The findings of this study depict the domain of urology research in recent decades, providing insights for both researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand the research trends in the discipline.

Objective To analyze the trend of influenza epidemic intensity in Urumqi City, Xinjiang, in early 2023, and to provide a reference basis for influenza surveillance, prevention and control. Methods Based on the daily number of influenza cases in Urumqi from January 1, 2023 to March 26, 2023, a generalized linear model was established to correlate the cumulative number of cases with the number of days of illness, and the corresponding doubling time was calculated. Results A total of 9 243 influenza cases were included in this study, including 7733 confirmed cases and 1510 suspected cases. The peak incidence of influenza occurred in March, and 6039 positive cases were detected, with a positivity rate of 78.09%. The age group of 3-6 years old had the highest proportion of influenza positive cases, accounting for 32.20%. The longest doubling time among confirmed cases was 13.49 (95% CI:11.95-15.47) in stage 2 (January 22 to February 13), and the shortest was in stage 3 (February 14 to March 26), which was 9.41 (95% CI:8.24-10.91). Conclusion The shorter the doubling time, the faster the speed of influenza transmission, and it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of influenza in winter and spring.

Based on the principle of molecular hybridization, fifteen compounds were designed and synthesized through the combination of aminothiazoloxime and phosphonate fragment. The results showed that these compounds had better inhibitory effects on the tested bacteria. In particular, the activities of compounds Ⅲf and Ⅲi against S. aureus, E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (FREC) were the most significant, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ⅲf was 1, 8, 4, 16 μg·mL^-1 respectively, and the MIC of Ⅲi was 4, 4, 16, 8 μg·mL^-1 respectively, which were slightly lower than that of the control drug oxacillin, and their anti-E. coli, MRSA and FREC activities were superior to that of the control drug oxacillin. Their activities to S. aureus were close to that of oxacillin, and to E. coli, MRSA and FREC were superior to that of oxacillin, which is worthy of further study.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)in measurement of appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM)of adults.Methods A total of 836 adults aged 18-42 years were recruited in Guangzhou using a convenient sampling method from April 2021 to September 2022.ASM was measured using BIA and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).Using DXA as the standard method,the consistency between the BIA and DXA measurements was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficients(ICCs)and Bland-Altman analysis in logarithmically transformed data,in order to evaluate the accuracy of BIA in ASM measurement.Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of BIA for screening low muscle mass.Results A total of 774 individuals were included for analysis finally.ICCs for ASM measured by BIA and DXA were 0.774 and 0.667 in males and females,respectively.Mean ratios(limits of Agreement)of ASM were 0.94(0.80-1.10)and 0.91(0.78-1.05)in males and females,respectively.Area under curve of BIA for screening low muscle mass were 0.91 and 0.94 in males and females,respectively.The optimal cut-off values of Z-score by BIA for males and females were-0.57 and-0.66,respectively.Sensitivity and specificity for males were 82.5%and 86.0%,while being 86.8%and 93.8%,for females.Conclusion BIA shows a moderate consistency with DXA for measuring ASM in adults.Furthermore,BIA yields a good diagnostic value in identifying low muscle mass in adults aged 18-42 years.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Xiaoke drink on insulin resistance in ob/ob mice and explore the mechanism. MethodEighteen ob/ob mice were randomly assigned into model， Xiaoke drink （17.68 g·kg^-1）， and atorvastatin （0.01 g·kg^-1） groups （n=6）， and six C57BL/6 mice were selected as the normal group. Mice in the normal and model groups were administrated with the same amount of distilled water. Fasting body weight， weekly food intake， and weekly water intake were measured at a fixed time. Fasting plasma glucose （FPG） and 2-hour post-load plasma glucose （2 hPG） were measured before and after 8-week intervention. After intervention， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance （HOMA-IR）， blood routine， and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were measured. Western blot was employed to determine the expression levels of ubiquitin-specific protease 20 （USP20） and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGCR） in the liver. The pancreas was stained with hematoxylin-eosin for observation. ResultCompared with the model group， the Xiaoke drink group showed decreased body weight of ob/ob mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）， declined growth trend of body weight （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced weekly average water intake， lowered levels of FPG， 2 hPG， TC， and HOMA-IR （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated expression level of USP20 in the liver （P<0.05）. HMGCR content was positively correlated with USP20 expression. In addition， Xiaoke drink promoted the recovery of islet tissue morphology and function in ob/ob mice. ConclusionXiaoke drink can ameliorate insulin resistance in ob/ob mice by inhibiting USP20/HMGCR expression， reversing cholesterol biosynthesis process， and reducing cholesterol level.

Brasilicardin A, a diterpene glycoside isolated from pathogenic actinomycete Nocardia brasiliensis IFM 0406, has become a novel immunosuppressant candidate due to its significant immunosuppressive activity, low toxicity and unique mechanism of action. However, brasilicardin A and its analogues have become a research hotspot to the development of this promising immunosuppressant because of the low-yield production in the natural pathogenic producer and the synthetically challenging skeleton. According to the reported biosynthetic pathway of brasilicardin A, the function of involved diterpene synthase was analyzed by bioinformatics. Then the genes bra1-5 that synthesize the brasilicardin A skeleton were directionally amplified from the pathogenic strain N. brasiliensis IFM 0406, and heterologous expression was achieved successfully in Streptomyces albus R1. The compounds were isolated and purified by using various column chromatographies including silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Six new brasilicardins were established and named brasilicardin H-M. The activity of brasilicardins was screened using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse primary macrophage inflammation model. Brasilicardin H-M exhibited good inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) release with IC₅₀ values of 28.24 ± 3.70, 37.44 ± 2.00, 39.85 ± 4.02, 26.77 ± 4.40, 65.25 ± 1.48 and 15.24 ± 2.72 μmol·L^-1, respectively (indomethacin as the positive control with IC₅₀ value of 34.28 ± 4.10 μmol·L^-1). The results indicated that six compounds had potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study laid a foundation for the elucidation of the brasilicardin A biosynthetic pathway and evaluation of the structure-activity relationship as well as new drug developments.

Background Cooking oil fumes are closely related to immune response, and adipose tissue also plays an important role in immune regulation. At present, the biological effect and mechanism of inflammation of adipose tissue induced by oil fume exposure are not clear yet. Objective To investigate the inflammatory effect of different exposure duration of cooking fumes on adipose tissue in mice and explore the role of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1)/interleukin (IL)-1β signaling pathway. Methods Forty 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3-day control group (CON₃ group), 7-day control group (CON₇ group), 3-day oil fume exposure group (COF₃ group), and 7-day oil fume exposure group (COF₇ group), with 10 mice in each group. The mice were exposed to oil fumes in a cooking oil fume formation and exposure equipment (COFFEE) for 20 min, followed by a 10-min pause, 1 h a day for consecutive 3 d or 7 d. General condition of mice was observed and body weight was measured every day. After exposure, blood was sampled from the eyeball. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adipose tissue of mice was collected and observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells in adipose tissue were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose. Results Compared with the corresponding control group, serum IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β contents in the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were significantly increased (P<0.05) except IL-6 in the COF₃ group, and the levels in the COF₇ group were significantly higher than those in the COF₃ group (P<0.05). Vacuolar lipid droplets in adipocytes decreased, cytoplasm shrank, and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the COF₇ group after HE staining. The flow cytometry results showed that the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells in adipocytes of the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were increased compared to the corresponding control group, with a significant increase in the COF₇ group (P<0.05), and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺T ratio also significantly increased progressively in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue of mice in the COF₃ group and the COF₇ group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of mice in each exposure group gradually increased over time. The Western blot results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase 1 in the COF₃ group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expression of IL-1β protein also increased but without statistical significance. The protein expressions of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in the COF₇ group were significantly higher than those in the CON₇ group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Acute exposure to cooking oil fumes can induce significant inflammatory response in adipose tissue, and the effect gradually increases with the extension of exposure time. The mechanism of action may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Objective : To investigate the phenotype of amoxicillin ( AMX) unstable resistant Helicobacter pylori (Hp) evolving into AMX stable high level resistance and the detection of its mutated genes． Methods : Using the frozen Hp strain H390 as the starting strain，the clones resistant to AMX were continuously cultured on the medium with increasing AMX concentration，and the minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) of the resistant clones was detected．After frozen at －80 ℃ for 3 months，the drug resistance was stable according to whether the MIC de- creased after frozen storage． Genome sequencing analysis and efflux pump inhibition assay were performed on cloned H390r and parental strain H390 with the highest AMX MIC value，and gene mutations associated with the high level AMX resistance obtained by H390r were detected and identified. Results : Four AMX high level resistant clones were obtained by AMX screening with MICs of 12，32，64 and ≥ 256 mg / L ，respectively，and none of the MICs were altered after freezing at －80 ℃ . Compared to the parental strain H390，the AMX stable resistant clone H390r had mutations in several genes，including hefC encoding the RND efflux system，hopB and hopC encoding the pore proteins and ftsI encoding the penicillin binding protein ，which were associated with AMX resistance. H390r was substantially reduced in MIC to AMX in the presence of efflux pump inhibitors． Conclusion AMX can screen stable resistant clones from unstable resistant Hp．H390r had mutations in hefC，hopB，hopC，and ftsI asso- ciated with AMX resistance．These mutations may be the main reason why H390r acquired a stable high level of re- sistance to AMX.

Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of artificial hydronephrosis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the Eighth Hospital of Wuhan from May 2020 to April 2022 were selected and divided equally into three groups according to different methods of artificial hydronephrosis.Patients in group A were received preoperative indwelling ureteral catheter and injection of normal saline through ureteral catheter to dilate renal pelvis and form artificial hydronephrosis.Patients in Group B were placed with double J catheters before surgery,and the bladder was filled with physiological saline through the catheter.The renal pelvis was dilated through the double J catheters,resulting in artificial hydronephrosis.Patients in Group C were received intravenous injection of furosemide and stimulated diuretic method to actively dilate renal pelvis to form hydronephrosis.The one-time puncture success rate,channel establishment time,overall operation time,stone clearance rate and incidence of surgical complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy after hydronephrosis were compared among the three groups.Results The operation was successfully completed in the three groups.There was no significant difference in the one-time puncture success rate and channel establishment time between group A and group B(P>0.05),which were all higher than group C(P<0.05).The overall operation time of group B was shorter than that of group A and group C(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in stone clearance rate and surgical complications among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Preoperative indwelling of double J tubes to create artificial kidney hydronephrosis has advantages such as high success rate of one-time puncture,short channel establishment time,and surgical time.