BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of depression has increased globally, and depressive symptoms have been reported to lead to undesirable lifestyle choices, including poor eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the severity of depressive symptoms in young adults and to investigate the differences in eating habits and dietary quality by the degree of these symptoms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 497 young adults aged 19–39 yrs living in Chungcheong, Korea. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and eating habits and dietary quality were surveyed using questionnaires and nutrition quotient (NQ) for Korean adults. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in the participants was approximately 31.4%, based on a depressive symptom score of 16 on the CES-D scale, and the proportion of women was significantly higher than men. The depressed group considered food combinations and consumed snacks more frequently than the nondepressed group. No statistically significant differences were found in the total NQ score between the depressed and nondepressed groups; however, the moderation score was significantly lower in the depressed group for all participants and female participants. CONCLUSION We found that dietary quality, including snacking and moderation-related eating habits, varied with the degree of depressive symptoms in young adults. Further intervention studies are needed to clarify the association between dietary factors and depressive symptom.

Background: The oxygen reserve index (ORi) noninvasively measures oxygen levels within the mild hyperoxia range. To evaluate whether a degree of increase in the ORi during preoxygenation for general anesthesia is associated with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Methods: We enrolled 154 patients who underwent preoperative pulmonary function tests and were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. We aimed to measure the increase in ORi during preoxygenation before general anesthesia and analyze its association with PPCs. Results: PPCs occurred in 76 (49%) participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the three-minute preoxygenation ORi was significantly associated with PPCs (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.02, 95% CI [0.00–0.16], P < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUC [95% CI]) in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the three-minute preoxygenation ORi for PPCs were 0.64 (0.55–0.73). After a subgroup analysis, multivariate logistic regression showed that the three-minute preoxygenation ORi was significantly associated with PPCs among patients who underwent thoracic surgery (OR: 0.01, 95% CI [0.00–0.19], P = 0.006). The AUC of the three-minute preoxygenation ORi for PPCs was 0.72 (0.57–0.86) in patients who underwent thoracic surgery. Conclusions A low ORi measured after 3 min of preoxygenation for general anesthesia was associated with an increased risk of PPCs, including those undergoing thoracic surgery. This study demonstrated the potential of ORi, measured after oxygen administration, as a tool for evaluating lung function that complements traditional lung function tests and scoring systems.

This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and dietary quality of 863 young adults living in one-person households (OH, n=338) and multi-person households (MH, n=525), using the Korean Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for adults. The total NQ score for women in OH was significantly lower than for those in MH. For both men and women, the NQ score for the balance domain was significantly lower in OH than in MH, and the practice domain was significantly lower for women in OH. Regarding the dietary quality in the balance domain, both men and women participants in OH had a significantly lower intake frequency of vegetables, fruits, fish, beans, nuts, and whole or mixed grains than their counterparts in MH, with respect to the moderation domain, the men in OH consumed spicy and salty broth-based foods more frequently than those in MH, while women in OH consumed red meat less frequently than those in MH. With regard to the practice domain, the frequency of heavy drinking was significantly higher among women in OH, while men in OH were more likely to wash their hands before eating than those in MH. These results suggest that young adults living alone are likely to have lower overall NQ scores and exhibit less desirable dietary behaviors. This underscores the need for nutrition support to improve the dietary quality of young adults living alone.

The need to implement vegetarian meal plans in school meals to promote sustainable eating among adolescents is increasing. This study examined students’ perceptions of a vegetarian day, and its association with dietary quality. This study surveyed 372 adolescents (230 males, 142 females) in Daejeon, Korea, assessing their perceptions of a vegetarian day and their nutrition quotient for adolescents (NQ-A). The perception of a vegetarian day was 3.21 out of 5, showing no significant gender difference. Among all participants, the item “I think a vegetarian day will help students’ health” received the highest score (3.67). The item “I think a vegetarian day is about respecting the diversity of students” scored significantly higher among females than males, whereas the item “It is better to include meat substitutes as well as mixed grains, beans, vegetables and fruits on a vegetarian day” scored lower among females than males. Correlation analysis showed that the perceptions of a vegetarian day were significantly positively associated with the total NQ-A score and the moderation domain score in all participants. Based on these findings, efforts should be made to enhance the positive perceptions of a vegetarian day among adolescents while exploring various approaches to its effective implementation.

Purpose: This study was conducted to update the practice guidelines for intravenous infusion therapy published in 2017, focusing on the most recent evidence for peripheral intravenous infusion therapy. Methods: The guideline update was conducted using the 22-step methodology. Results: The updated guidelines consist of 17 domains and 235 recommendations (including 284 sub-recommendations). The domains are as follows: general instructions (5 items), peripheral catheter selection (7), catheter insertion site selection (11), management during peripheral catheter insertion (10), post-insertion management (30), perfusion and locking (17), blood sampling via peripheral catheters(6), exchange and removal of peripheral catheters (6), infusion set management (14), add-on devices (32), complications (25), chemotherapy infusions (10), PCA infusions (7), parenteral nutrition (20), transfusion therapy (23), education (5), and documentation and reporting (7). The evidence levels for these recommendations are as follows: 27(9.5%) at level I, 3 (1.1%) at level I A/P, 118 (41.5%) at level II, and 136 (47.9%) at level III.Recommendation grades are categorized as follows: 30 (10.6%) at level A, 118 (41.5%) at level B, and 136(47.9%) at level C. Of these, 73 (25.7%) recommendations were newly developed, 49 (17.3%) underwent major revisions, and 147 (51.7%) underwent minor revisions. Conclusion The updated practice guideline, based on the latest evidence, is anticipated to enhance nursing practice related to peripheral intravenous infusion therapy.

Purpose: This study was conducted to update the practice guidelines for intravenous infusion therapy published in 2017, focusing on the most recent evidence for peripheral intravenous infusion therapy. Methods: The guideline update was conducted using the 22-step methodology. Results: The updated guidelines consist of 17 domains and 235 recommendations (including 284 sub-recommendations). The domains are as follows: general instructions (5 items), peripheral catheter selection (7), catheter insertion site selection (11), management during peripheral catheter insertion (10), post-insertion management (30), perfusion and locking (17), blood sampling via peripheral catheters(6), exchange and removal of peripheral catheters (6), infusion set management (14), add-on devices (32), complications (25), chemotherapy infusions (10), PCA infusions (7), parenteral nutrition (20), transfusion therapy (23), education (5), and documentation and reporting (7). The evidence levels for these recommendations are as follows: 27(9.5%) at level I, 3 (1.1%) at level I A/P, 118 (41.5%) at level II, and 136 (47.9%) at level III.Recommendation grades are categorized as follows: 30 (10.6%) at level A, 118 (41.5%) at level B, and 136(47.9%) at level C. Of these, 73 (25.7%) recommendations were newly developed, 49 (17.3%) underwent major revisions, and 147 (51.7%) underwent minor revisions. Conclusion The updated practice guideline, based on the latest evidence, is anticipated to enhance nursing practice related to peripheral intravenous infusion therapy.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of depression has increased globally, and depressive symptoms have been reported to lead to undesirable lifestyle choices, including poor eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the severity of depressive symptoms in young adults and to investigate the differences in eating habits and dietary quality by the degree of these symptoms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 497 young adults aged 19–39 yrs living in Chungcheong, Korea. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and eating habits and dietary quality were surveyed using questionnaires and nutrition quotient (NQ) for Korean adults. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in the participants was approximately 31.4%, based on a depressive symptom score of 16 on the CES-D scale, and the proportion of women was significantly higher than men. The depressed group considered food combinations and consumed snacks more frequently than the nondepressed group. No statistically significant differences were found in the total NQ score between the depressed and nondepressed groups; however, the moderation score was significantly lower in the depressed group for all participants and female participants. CONCLUSION We found that dietary quality, including snacking and moderation-related eating habits, varied with the degree of depressive symptoms in young adults. Further intervention studies are needed to clarify the association between dietary factors and depressive symptom.

This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and dietary quality of 863 young adults living in one-person households (OH, n=338) and multi-person households (MH, n=525), using the Korean Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for adults. The total NQ score for women in OH was significantly lower than for those in MH. For both men and women, the NQ score for the balance domain was significantly lower in OH than in MH, and the practice domain was significantly lower for women in OH. Regarding the dietary quality in the balance domain, both men and women participants in OH had a significantly lower intake frequency of vegetables, fruits, fish, beans, nuts, and whole or mixed grains than their counterparts in MH, with respect to the moderation domain, the men in OH consumed spicy and salty broth-based foods more frequently than those in MH, while women in OH consumed red meat less frequently than those in MH. With regard to the practice domain, the frequency of heavy drinking was significantly higher among women in OH, while men in OH were more likely to wash their hands before eating than those in MH. These results suggest that young adults living alone are likely to have lower overall NQ scores and exhibit less desirable dietary behaviors. This underscores the need for nutrition support to improve the dietary quality of young adults living alone.

The need to implement vegetarian meal plans in school meals to promote sustainable eating among adolescents is increasing. This study examined students’ perceptions of a vegetarian day, and its association with dietary quality. This study surveyed 372 adolescents (230 males, 142 females) in Daejeon, Korea, assessing their perceptions of a vegetarian day and their nutrition quotient for adolescents (NQ-A). The perception of a vegetarian day was 3.21 out of 5, showing no significant gender difference. Among all participants, the item “I think a vegetarian day will help students’ health” received the highest score (3.67). The item “I think a vegetarian day is about respecting the diversity of students” scored significantly higher among females than males, whereas the item “It is better to include meat substitutes as well as mixed grains, beans, vegetables and fruits on a vegetarian day” scored lower among females than males. Correlation analysis showed that the perceptions of a vegetarian day were significantly positively associated with the total NQ-A score and the moderation domain score in all participants. Based on these findings, efforts should be made to enhance the positive perceptions of a vegetarian day among adolescents while exploring various approaches to its effective implementation.

Background: The oxygen reserve index (ORi) noninvasively measures oxygen levels within the mild hyperoxia range. To evaluate whether a degree of increase in the ORi during preoxygenation for general anesthesia is associated with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Methods: We enrolled 154 patients who underwent preoperative pulmonary function tests and were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. We aimed to measure the increase in ORi during preoxygenation before general anesthesia and analyze its association with PPCs. Results: PPCs occurred in 76 (49%) participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the three-minute preoxygenation ORi was significantly associated with PPCs (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.02, 95% CI [0.00–0.16], P < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUC [95% CI]) in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the three-minute preoxygenation ORi for PPCs were 0.64 (0.55–0.73). After a subgroup analysis, multivariate logistic regression showed that the three-minute preoxygenation ORi was significantly associated with PPCs among patients who underwent thoracic surgery (OR: 0.01, 95% CI [0.00–0.19], P = 0.006). The AUC of the three-minute preoxygenation ORi for PPCs was 0.72 (0.57–0.86) in patients who underwent thoracic surgery. Conclusions A low ORi measured after 3 min of preoxygenation for general anesthesia was associated with an increased risk of PPCs, including those undergoing thoracic surgery. This study demonstrated the potential of ORi, measured after oxygen administration, as a tool for evaluating lung function that complements traditional lung function tests and scoring systems.