This study investigated the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on prostate volume (PV) in the general Chinese population. In total, 43 455 participants in The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China) from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, undergoing health examinations were included in the study. Participants were categorized into four groups according to PV quartiles: Q1 (PV ≤24.94 ml), Q2 (PV >24.94 ml and ≤28.78 ml), Q3 (PV >28.78 ml and ≤34.07 ml), and Q4 (PV >34.07 ml), with Q1 serving as the reference group. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between MetS and PV, with subgroup analyses conducted by age. Among the participants, 18 787 (43.2%) were diagnosed with MetS. In the multivariate analysis model, a significant correlation between MetS and PV was observed, with odds ratios (ORs) increasing as PV increased (Q2, OR = 1.203, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.139-1.271; Q3, OR = 1.300, 95% CI: 1.230-1.373; and Q4, OR = 1.556, 95% CI: 1.469-1.648). Analysis of MetS components revealed that all components were positively associated with PV, with abdominal obesity showing the most significant effect. The number of MetS components was identified as a dose-dependent risk factor for elevated PV. The impact of MetS, its components, and component count on PV exhibited a decreasing trend with advancing age. Overall, the influence of MetS, its components, and component count on PV was predominantly observed in the age groups of 40-49 years and 50-59 years. Early intervention targeting MetS can significantly alleviate the increase in PV, particularly benefiting individuals aged 40-59 years who have abdominal obesity.
Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications* ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Organ Size ; China/epidemiology* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Risk Factors

Non-obstructive azoospermia is a common condition associated with significant health risks, including increased mortality, cancer, and chronic diseases such as metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This review aims to highlight the potential health challenges faced by men with this condition compared to fertile counterparts. Through a comprehensive bibliographic search on PubMed, using the following algorithm: ("infertility, male" [MeSH Terms] OR "azoospermia" [MeSH Terms]) AND ("mortality" [MeSH Terms] OR "neoplasms" [MeSH Terms] OR "chronic disease" [MeSH Terms] OR "diabetes mellitus" [MeSH Terms] OR "heart diseases" [MeSH Terms]), we analyzed existing literature to explore the associations between infertility, specifically azoospermia, and adverse health outcomes. Findings indicate that infertile men are at a higher risk of death, various cancers (particularly testicular cancer), metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypogonadism, and cardiovascular disease. Although research specifically addressing azoospermia is limited, available studies support the notion that men with this condition may experience heightened health vulnerabilities. Given these risks, it is imperative for healthcare professionals, especially urologists, to conduct thorough health assessments for men diagnosed with azoospermia. Informing patients of these potential health issues and integrating comprehensive evaluations into their care can facilitate early detection and intervention for life-threatening conditions. Ultimately, men with azoospermia should receive ongoing monitoring to address their specific health concerns, thus improving their long-term health outcomes.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/epidemiology* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology* ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Infertility, Male/complications* ; Testicular Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Hypogonadism/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Neoplasms/epidemiology*

Periodontitis has become one of the most widespread chronic inflammatory diseases worldwide, affecting roughly 11% of the adult population. In China, periodontal health is notably poor, with less than 10% of individuals over the age of 35 maintaining periodontal health, while the prevalence of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly populations reaches as high as 82.6%. From a public health perspective, periodontitis not only seriously compromises oral health but is also closely linked to multiple chronic systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cognitive impairment. A substantial body of cohort studies and meta-analyses consistently demonstrate that patients with periodontitis are at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events. Moreover, periodontitis tends to progress more rapidly in individuals with diabetes, highlighting a bidirectional causal relationship between these two conditions. Our research team has maintained a long-term focus on elucidating the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases within Chinese community populations. In this review, we comprehensively summarize epidemiological findings on the associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive decline, specifically drawing on data from Chinese cohorts. Complementing these observations, animal experiments provide evidence that experimental periodontitis can induce glucose intolerance and accelerate the development of atherosclerotic lesions. At the mechanistic level, we preliminarily validate that mitochondrial DNA efflux and the hematogenous spread of periodontal pathogens may act as biological conduits bridging local periodontal inflammation with systemic pathologies. We also address current challenges in the field, including difficulties in disentangling causal relationships due to confounding comorbidities like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which often coexist and influence each other. To advance understanding, there is an urgent need for well-designed longitudinal and interventional studies employing advanced causal inference methods. Ultimately, this work aims to deepen the current knowledge of periodontitis ' systemic effects and to support the development of evidence-based public health strategies for integrating oral health into chronic disease prevention efforts in China.
Humans ; Periodontitis/complications* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: Because of the limited number of studies and small sample sizes, whether metabolic syndrome (MS) leads to the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis and the possible underlying mechanisms require further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the association between MS and osteoporosis, along with its influencing factors. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study included 139,470 individuals aged ≥ 18 years who underwent health examinations from September 2014 to March 2022. Based on bone mineral density (BMD) screening results, the participants were categorized into a suspected osteoporosis or non-osteoporosis group (control). Participants were further divided into those who met 0 MS criteria, 1 MS criterion, 2 MS criteria, and ≥ 3 MS criteria (MS group). Participants who had undergone health examinations at least twice formed the follow-up cohort; a self-matched analysis was performed on those with follow-up periods ≥ 5 years and unchanged MS grouping. RESULTS: Several examination indicators in the suspected osteoporosis group showed statistically significant differences compared with the control group. The proportion of suspected osteoporosis in the MS group was significantly increased compared with that in the 0 MS criteria group (odds ratio [ OR]: 1.215, Z = 29.11, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.199-1.231). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the 2 MS criteria group and MS group still had OR values > 1 ( P < 0.001). In the follow-up cohort, the proportion of suspected osteoporosis increased gradually with an increase in the number of MS criteria met at baseline and during each follow-up visit ( P < 0.05), with the highest proportion observed in the MS group. However, the proportion of suspected osteoporosis did not increase significantly over time in the different MS groups ( P > 0.05). In the follow-up cohort, the proportion of individuals transitioning from normal BMD to suspected osteoporosis was higher in the MS group after ≥ 5 years of follow-up compared with the group meeting 0 MS criteria (0.08% versus 1.15%, χ ² = 10.76, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in BMD values for the 0 MS criteria group after 5 years ( P > 0.05), whereas the other three groups experienced a significant decrease in BMD values after 5 years ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MS is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis, and the effect of risk factors related to MS on osteoporosis may exceed that of aging alone. The specific mechanisms warrant further investigation.
Humans ; Osteoporosis/etiology* ; Female ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications* ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Aged ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Risk Factors

Peri-implant disease, an important group of diseases that cause implant failure, are associated with metabolic abnormality. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder comprising abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, systemic hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Previous studies had reported that MetS and its diversified clinical manifestations might be associated with peri-implant diseases, but the relationship and underlying mechanisms were unclear. This review aims to explore the relationship between MetS and peri-implant disease, in order to provide beneficial reference for the prevention and treatment of peri-implant disease in patients with MetS.
Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications* ; Peri-Implantitis ; Dental Implants/adverse effects* ; Hypertension/complications* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of MetS on the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS: Clinical and pathological data and the laboratory test of ccRCC 342 patients with diverticular stones who underwent ccRCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were retrospectively collected and analyzed.The patients were divided into MetS group and non-MetS group, and the subgroups were defined according to the tumor size. The overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) of the two groups were analyzed by univariate Cox analysis, and the subgroup analyses were also performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and survival analysis for OS, CSS, and PFS of the two groups and the subgroups were conducted. RESULTS: Univariate Cox analysis showed that MetS was a protective factor of postoperative OS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.551, 95%CI: 0.321-0.949, P=0.031], CSS (HR=0.460, 95%CI: 0.234-0.905, P=0.025), and PFS (HR 0.585, 95%CI: 0.343-0.998, P=0.049) in the patients with ccRCC. In the subgroup with tumor size≤4 cm, MetS was not associated with postoperative OS (HR=0.857, 95%CI: 0.389-1.890, P=0.702), CSS (HR=1.129, 95%CI: 0.364-3.502, P=0.833), and PFS (HR=1.554, 95%CI: 0.625-3.864, P=0.343). In the subgroup with tumor size>4 cm, Mets was a protective factor of postoperative OS (HR=0.377, 95%CI: 0.175-0.812, P=0.013), CSS (HR=0.280, 95%CI: 0.113-0.690, P=0.006), and PFS (HR=0.332, 95%CI: 0.157-0.659, P=0.002); Obesity was a protective factor of postoperative CSS (HR=0.464, 95%CI: 0.219-0.981, P=0.044), and PFS (HR=0.445, 95%CI: 0.238-0.833, P=0.011). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the long-term survival of patients with MetS was better than those without MetS in OS (P=0.029), CSS (P=0.021), and PFS (P=0.046); for the subgroup with tumor size≤4 cm, there was no significant difference in postoperative OS (P=0.702), CSS (P=0.833), and PFS (P=0.339) between patients with and without MetS; For the subgroup with tumor size>4 cm, the OS (P=0.010), CSS (P=0.003), and PFS (P=0.001) of patients with MetS were better than those without MetS. CONCLUSION MetS was a protective factor of postoperative OS, CSS, and PFS in the patients with ccRCC, which was more obvious in subgroup with tumor size>4 cm. And obesity, the component of MetS, was correlated with postoperative OS and CSS.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery* ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology* ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications* ; Obesity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of metabolic syndrome on 15 days postoperative adverse events of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with internal fixation. METHODS: From January 2011 to June 2019, 986 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated with internal fixation, including 312 males and 674 females, with an average age of(77.71± 7.58) years old. And there were 97 patients with metabolic syndrome and 889 patients without metabolic syndrome. Through the electronic medical record system, the patient's age, gender, fracture type, cause of trauma, body mass index, smoking history, preoperative comorbidities, preoperative bloodtransfusion, operation timing, ASA classification, anesthesia method, internal fixation type, operation duration, and 15 days postoperative adverse events, which include surgical site infection, acute heart failure, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary infection, acute renal failure, DVT, embolism in important organs, urinary tract infection, death, and blood transfusion after surgery were collected. The differences of preoperative and intraoperative baseline datas and 15 days postoperative adverse events between the two groups were compared and analyzed by t text or univariate RESULTS: There were statistical differences in age, body mass index, history of cardiac insufficiency, history of COPD, history of renal insufficiency, operation timing, ASA classification, operation duration, surgical site infection, acute heart failure, DVT, urinary tract infection and blood transfusion between two groups ( CONCLUSION Elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture with metabolic syndrome had higher postoperative surgical site infection rate, DVT incidence rate, urinary tract infection rate, and postoperative blood transfusion rate. Therefore, the orthopedic treatment team should give more attentionand optimize the treatment plan during the perioperative period with the cooperation of internal physician and anesthesiologist.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/adverse effects* ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Insulin resistance refers to a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond sufficiently to insulin,leading to impaired glucose uptake and utilization. In recent years,some skin diseases have been found to be associated with metabolic syndrome,and insulin resistance is considered to be the most important pathophysiological feature of the metabolic syndrome. Recent literatures have described the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of these skin diseases. This article elucidates the mechanisms of insulin resistance involved in skin diseases.
Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Skin Diseases ; complications

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with a spectrum of conditions resulting from androgen excess, anovulation and metabolic syndrome. Patients with PCOS may see their primary care physicians for various presentations, including hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularities, infertility, obesity, and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Management of these patients should include screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Treatment should be targeted to each patient's phenotype and personal expectations such as desire for pregnancy. Psychological well-being due to the effects on physical appearance is also an important consideration. Diet and exercise are major components in the management of patients with PCOS and obesity. The first-line therapy for fertility and metabolic syndrome in PCOS is lifestyle modification with diet and exercise, followed by pharmacological therapy.
Acne Vulgaris ; complications ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Hirsutism ; complications ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; Obesity ; complications ; therapy ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; complications ; therapy ; Primary Health Care ; methods ; Self Care ; Treatment Outcome

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is recognized as a public health concern. One of the pathophysiologies in the development of DES is inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is highly prevalent in the general population, is a well-known chronic and systemic inflammatory condition. Despite the increasing interest regarding a relationship between DES and MetS, information is lacking on the association between DES and MetS and its individual components. We investigated the association between DES symptoms and MetS and its components among adults aged ≥ 19 years using population-based data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V. A sample group of 15,294 adults (42.67% men and 57.33% women) completed household interviews in which they provided blood (for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose) and anthropometric measurements (including waist circumference, weight, and height) to define MetS. We also collected information regarding sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. The survey results showed that 11.50% of men and 22.35% of women experienced DES and 5.30% of patients had both DES and diagnosis of MetS, including 204 men and 606 women. Thus, no significant difference was observed between DES and the diagnosis of MetS according to sex (P = 0.4008 in men; P = 0.0804 in women); however, a significant association was observed between DES and hypertriglyceridemia in women (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29). Therefore, hypertriglyceridemia might be an important factor in the association between DES and MetS. Further longitudinal research is needed to evaluate this relationship.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dry Eye Syndromes/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia/complications/diagnosis ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Triglycerides/blood ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult