Objective To analyze the respective abnormal brain regions and commonly altered brain regions of spontaneous brain ac-tivity in post-stroke aphasia(PSA)and post-stroke depression(PSD),and to explore the potential pathological mechanisms underlying single disease and comorbidity.Methods Literatures were retrieved from PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP and SinoMed,from establishment to April 19th,2025.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)studies were included if they focused on patients with PSA or PSD,with healthy controls(HC)serving as control group,and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctu-ation(fALFF)and regional homogeneity(ReHo)were adopted as outcome indicator.Data regarding differential brain regions were extracted from the original studies,and a neuroimaging meta-analysis was conducted using SDM-PSI V6.23 beta.Results A total of 17 articles on PSA(339 patients and 351 HC)and five articles on PSD(102 patients and 149 HC)were included.The spontaneous brain activity in the left cerebellar area 9,right middle temporal gyrus and right insula was significantly higher in PSA patients than in HC(P<0.05),while activity in the right cerebellar area 6,left medial superior frontal gyrus(SFGmed),left middle frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus was lower(P<0.05).For PSD,spontaneous brain activity was elevated in the right cuneus gyrus and right superior occipital gyrus compared to HC(P<0.05),while it was reduced in the left SFGmed and left inferior pa-rietal lobe(P<0.05).Additionally,spontaneous brain activity in the left medial superior frontal gyrus was lower in both diseases compared to HC(P<0.05).Conclusion The pathological mechanism of PSA may involve a pattern of right-sided compensatory hyperfunction and left-sided inhibitory damage within the language-related network,accompanied by cross-hemispheric synergistic activity of the cerebellum.The occurrence of PSD may be attributed to hyperactivity of the right occipital net-work,and functional inhibition involving the left inferior parietal lobe.The inhibition observed in the left SFG-med(MNI coordinates x=0,y=26,z=44)likely represents the language-emotion integration hub,mediating the co-occurrence of PSA and PSD.

Objective To study the influence of laser diffraction ultrasound parameters on the determination of particle size and particle size distribution of budesonide suspension for inhalation,and explore the rationality of ultrasound parameter settings of the laser diffraction method.Methods The Mastersizer 3000 was set to measure the particle size and particle size distribution of budesonide suspension for inhalation from 6 companies at different ultrasonic times,and the FlowCam was used to test the samples simultaneously.Results The ultrasound parameters have a significant impact on the particle size and particle size distribution of budesonide suspension for inhalation in some companies,and the FlowCam test results show that particles in some samples exhibit aggregation,which can be dispersed by ultrasound and affect the results.Conclusion It is necessary to optimize the ultrasound parameters of laser diffraction to determine the particle size and particle size distribution of suspension for inhalation,and verify the rationality of the ultrasound parameter settings through microscopic techniques.

Objective To analyze the respective abnormal brain regions and commonly altered brain regions of spontaneous brain ac-tivity in post-stroke aphasia(PSA)and post-stroke depression(PSD),and to explore the potential pathological mechanisms underlying single disease and comorbidity.Methods Literatures were retrieved from PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP and SinoMed,from establishment to April 19th,2025.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)studies were included if they focused on patients with PSA or PSD,with healthy controls(HC)serving as control group,and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctu-ation(fALFF)and regional homogeneity(ReHo)were adopted as outcome indicator.Data regarding differential brain regions were extracted from the original studies,and a neuroimaging meta-analysis was conducted using SDM-PSI V6.23 beta.Results A total of 17 articles on PSA(339 patients and 351 HC)and five articles on PSD(102 patients and 149 HC)were included.The spontaneous brain activity in the left cerebellar area 9,right middle temporal gyrus and right insula was significantly higher in PSA patients than in HC(P<0.05),while activity in the right cerebellar area 6,left medial superior frontal gyrus(SFGmed),left middle frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus was lower(P<0.05).For PSD,spontaneous brain activity was elevated in the right cuneus gyrus and right superior occipital gyrus compared to HC(P<0.05),while it was reduced in the left SFGmed and left inferior pa-rietal lobe(P<0.05).Additionally,spontaneous brain activity in the left medial superior frontal gyrus was lower in both diseases compared to HC(P<0.05).Conclusion The pathological mechanism of PSA may involve a pattern of right-sided compensatory hyperfunction and left-sided inhibitory damage within the language-related network,accompanied by cross-hemispheric synergistic activity of the cerebellum.The occurrence of PSD may be attributed to hyperactivity of the right occipital net-work,and functional inhibition involving the left inferior parietal lobe.The inhibition observed in the left SFG-med(MNI coordinates x=0,y=26,z=44)likely represents the language-emotion integration hub,mediating the co-occurrence of PSA and PSD.

Objective To study the influence of laser diffraction ultrasound parameters on the determination of particle size and particle size distribution of budesonide suspension for inhalation,and explore the rationality of ultrasound parameter settings of the laser diffraction method.Methods The Mastersizer 3000 was set to measure the particle size and particle size distribution of budesonide suspension for inhalation from 6 companies at different ultrasonic times,and the FlowCam was used to test the samples simultaneously.Results The ultrasound parameters have a significant impact on the particle size and particle size distribution of budesonide suspension for inhalation in some companies,and the FlowCam test results show that particles in some samples exhibit aggregation,which can be dispersed by ultrasound and affect the results.Conclusion It is necessary to optimize the ultrasound parameters of laser diffraction to determine the particle size and particle size distribution of suspension for inhalation,and verify the rationality of the ultrasound parameter settings through microscopic techniques.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels and excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 132 T2DM patients and 40 healthy people(NC group)who were treated in the outpatient department of Nanjing Meishan Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected.General clinical data of the subjects were collected,and their Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS)scores,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)were measured.Based on ESS scores,T2DM patients were divided into simple T2DM group(ESS score<9,n=99)and EDS group(ESS score≥9,n=33)according to ESS score.The baseline data were compared for each group.Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were used to evaluate the correlation between HbA1c levels and EDS.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the area under the curve(AUC)to evaluate the predictive value of HbA1c levels for EDS.Results HbA1c,fasting plasma glucose,AHI index and PSQI score in EDS group were higher than those in T2DM and NC group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that ESS score was positively correlated with HbA1c in T2DM patients(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated HbA1c levels emerged as a significant and independent risk factor for the onset of EDS.The ROC curve indicated that the AUC of HbA1c for predicting EDS was 0.736.Conclusions There is an independent positive correlation between HbA1c levels and EDS in T2DM patients,which provides clues for early identification and treatment of EDS in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels and excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 132 T2DM patients and 40 healthy people(NC group)who were treated in the outpatient department of Nanjing Meishan Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected.General clinical data of the subjects were collected,and their Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS)scores,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)were measured.Based on ESS scores,T2DM patients were divided into simple T2DM group(ESS score<9,n=99)and EDS group(ESS score≥9,n=33)according to ESS score.The baseline data were compared for each group.Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were used to evaluate the correlation between HbA1c levels and EDS.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the area under the curve(AUC)to evaluate the predictive value of HbA1c levels for EDS.Results HbA1c,fasting plasma glucose,AHI index and PSQI score in EDS group were higher than those in T2DM and NC group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that ESS score was positively correlated with HbA1c in T2DM patients(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated HbA1c levels emerged as a significant and independent risk factor for the onset of EDS.The ROC curve indicated that the AUC of HbA1c for predicting EDS was 0.736.Conclusions There is an independent positive correlation between HbA1c levels and EDS in T2DM patients,which provides clues for early identification and treatment of EDS in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xu's Shenqiyizhu （SQYZ） decoction combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue （CRF） of stagnated-toxin spleen deficiency type after gastric cancer surgery and explore its possible mechanism. MethodsFifty postoperative gastric cancer patients with CRF of stagnated-toxin spleen deficiency type were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group by using a random number table，with 25 cases in each group. The control group was treated with FLOT chemotherapy （50 mg·m^-2 docetaxel （iv drip on day 1） + 85 mg·m^-2 oxaliplatin （iv drip on day 1） + 200 mg·m^-2 calcium folinate （iv drip on day 1） + 2 600 mg·m^-2 fluorouracil （iv drip for 24 h on day 1），once every three weeks） and basic and symptomatic supportive treatment. The experimental group was treated with Xu's SQYZ decoction （decocted twice，200 mL taken orally twice a day） in addition to the treatment of the control group. One course of treatment lasted for three weeks，with a total of four courses conducted. Observation was performed on the piper fatigue scale （PFS） scores，karnofsky performance status （KPS） scores，European Organization for Research and Treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire （EORTC QLQ-C30） scores，traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α），interferon-γ （IFN-γ），and interleukin-6 （IL-6）detected via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） before and after treatment in the two groups. The safety test results before and after treatment for the two groups of patients，as well as the occurrence of adverse events during treatment， were recorded. Transcriptome sequencing data of peripheral blood samples from gastric adenocarcinoma patients and normal individuals were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus （GEO） database，and differentially expressed genes between the tumor and normal groups were identified. Differential gene enrichment analysis was made based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） and Gene Ontology （GO）. The CRF relevance scores of genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Results① Compared with that before treatment，the total PFS score in the experimental group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group showed significantly reduced total PFS score （P<0.05）. ② Compared with that before treatment，the KPS score in the experimental group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group exhibited a significantly decreased KPS score （P<0.05）. The experimental group demonstrated significantly increased functional scores （physical function，role function，emotional function，social function，and overall health） （P<0.05） and significantly reduced symptom scores （fatigue，shortness of breath，loss of appetite，constipation，and diarrhea） of the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale after treatment compared with before treatment. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group presented significantly increased functional scores （physical function，emotional function，social function，and overall health） （P<0.05） and significantly reduced symptom scores （fatigue，nausea and vomiting，shortness of breath，loss of appetite，and diarrhea） of the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale （P<0.05）. Compared with those before treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores （eating too little and poor digestion，fatigue and weakness，postprandial bloating，abnormal bowel movements，lassitude and weakness，and total score） in the experimental group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group had significantly reduced traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores （eating too little and poor digestion，fatigue and weakness，nausea and vomiting，and sallow complexion） （P<0.05）， which indicated better efficacy in the experimental group than in the control group （χ²=7.996，P<0.05）. The serum levels of TNF-α，IL-6，and IFN-γ were significantly correlated with each other （P<0.01）. Compared with those before treatment，the levels of serum cytokines TNF-α，IL-6，and IFN-γ in the experimental group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group showed significantly reduced serum levels of cytokines TNF-α，IL-6，and IFN-γ （P<0.05）. ③ There were no significant intra-group and inter-group differences in the safety test results of the two groups before and after treatment. During the treatment period，there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of patients. ④ Compared with the normal group，the tumor group exhibited a total of 328 significantly up-regulated genes in the peripheral blood （P<0.05），and KEGG and GO analyses showed that they were significantly enriched in signaling pathways such as TNF （P<0.05）. ⑤ TNF，IL6，IFNG， and other cytokine encoding genes may be key pathogenic genes for CRF. ConclusionXu's SQYZ decoction can alleviate symptoms such as fatigue in postoperative chemotherapy patients with gastric cancer and improve their functional status and quality of life. Its mechanism may be related to improving cytokine imbalance.

Objective:To investigate the long-term efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for narrow-margin (resection margin < 1 cm) hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during radical surgery.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The data of primary HCC patients undergoing radical surgery and narrow-margin hepatectomy IORT in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from November 2009 to February 2019 were collected. IORT applied 6 MeV or 9 MeV electron beams and a single irradiation was given to the margin. Kaplan-Meier method was used for the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analysis; log-rank test was used for survival comparison among subgroups. The recurrence patterns and adverse reactions were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the factors influencing the OS and DFS.Results:A total of 64 patients were enrolled, with the median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 57 years (49, 63) years. All patients included 55 males (85.9%) and 9 females (14.1%). The median dose of IORT was 15 Gy (range: 12-17 Gy). The median follow-up time was 83.3 (64.4, 91.9) months. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, 7-year, 10-year OS rates were 90.4%, 80.6%, 75.5%, 71.4% and 47.6%, respectively; the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, 7-year,10-year DFS rates were 77.8%, 68.1%, 59.6%, 57.6% and 38.4%, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 400 ng/ml was an independent risk factor for poor OS (> 400 ng/ml vs. ≤ 400 ng/ml: HR = 6.57, 95% CI: 2.16-19.96, P < 0.001), while not the independent influencing factor of poor DFS ( HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.65-4.52, P = 0.277). The age ≤ 60 years or not, gender, viral hepatitis or not, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, tumor diameter (> 5 cm or not), tumor number, degree of tumor differentiation, microvascular invasion or not, microsatellite nodules or not, anatomical liver resection or not, and the dose of IORT ≤15 Gy or not were not the independent influencing factors of poor OS and DFS (all P > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier method analysis showed that patients with preoperative serum AFP ≤ 400 ng/ml (48 cases) had better OS compared with those with preoperative serum AFP>400 ng/ml (16 cases) (5-year OS rate: 84.8% vs. 44.9%; 7-year OS rate: 79.9% vs.37.4%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the DFS between the 2 groups ( P = 0.134). During the follow-up, 28 patients (43.8%) relapsed, including 17 cases (26.6%) of early recurrence and 11 cases (17.2%) of late recurrence. No marginal recurrence was observed. There were 22 cases (34.4%) of intrahepatic recurrence alone, 2 cases (3.1%) of extrahepatic recurrence and 4 cases (6.3%) of stimutaneous recurrence inside and outside the liver. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-year cumulative recurrence rates inside the liver were 19.0%, 27.2%, 37.4% and 39.3% respectively, and the cumulative recurrence rates outside the liver were 6.4%, 8.0%, 9.6% and 9.6% respectively. There were no adverse reactions above grade 3 in the entire group. There were no surgery-related deaths within 30 d after the operation, and no radiation-induced liver disease occurred. Conclusions:Narrow-margin IORT helps HCC patients receiving hepatectomy to achieve favorable long-term survival and adverse reactions are tolerable. It can be used as a safe and effective adjuvant therapy alternative.

Objective:To investigate the additional prognostic value of coronary CT angiography (CCTA)-based flow reserve fraction (CT-FFR) over semi-quantitative CCTA risk scores in predicting the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods:A total of 231 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent CCTA at Lanzhou University from May 2020 to April 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical baseline data were collected, and patients were divided into a MACE-positive group (20 cases) and a MACE-negative group (211 cases) based on follow-up results. The CCTA images of all patients were analyzed by semi-quantitative CCTA risk score, which included coronary artery disease reporting and data system classification, segment involvement score, segmental stenosis score, Leaman score, and Leiden score. CT-FFR measurements of CCTA data of all patients were performed using Coronary Analysis software. t-test, U-test, and χ2 test were used to compare baseline parameters between MACE-positive and MACE-negative groups. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the relationship between semi-quantitative CCTA risk score and CT-FFR with the occurrence of MACE, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to calculate the efficacy of the prediction model established by the semi-quantitative CCTA risk score combined with CT-FFR. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between patients in the MACE-positive and MACE-negative groups ( P>0.05), and there were significant differences in semi-quantitative CCTA risk scores and CT-FFR ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis of CT-FFR≤0.80 ( HR=3.860, 95% CI 1.477-10.087, P=0.006) and Leaman score≥5 ( HR=5.210, 95% CI 1.136-23.908, P=0.029) were the best and independent predictors for the occurrence of MACE events. The combined CT-FFR and Leaman score prediction model (AUC=0.791, 95% CI 0.733-0.842, P<0.001) was a better predictor of MACE than CT-FFR alone (AUC=0.718, 95% CI 0.656-0.775, P<0.001) and Leaman score alone (AUC=0.711, 95% CI 0.648-0.768, P<0.001) both had better predictive efficacy ( Z=2.62, 1.98, P=0.009, 0.047). Conclusion:CT-FFR independently predict the occurrence of MACE in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and significantly improve the predictive capacity of semi-quantitative CCTA risk score for MACE.

Objective: To investigate the aberrant alterations of microRNAs ( miRNAs) in exosomes derived from bone marrow stromal cells ( BMSCs) in the bone marrow supernatants of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their impact on the prognosis of AML patients . Methods: Bone marrow supernatant samples were col- lected from three AML patients and three healthy donors . Exosomes were isolated using a commercial kit , identif- ying the morphology and marker expression , and subjected to miRNA sequencing to determine differentially ex- pressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) . The DE-miRNAs were then intersected with the exosomal miRNA expression pro- files of primary AML cells (GSE64029) to exclude AML cell - derived signals and to identify BMSC-derived DE - miRNAs . Subsequently , candidate miRNAs were identified through Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) . A prognostic risk model for AML was constructed , and pa- tients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median risk score . The prognostic value and clinical relevance of the model were further validated . Finally , the target genes of the candidate miRNAs were pre- dicted , followed by pathway enrichment analysis , construction of key regulatory networks , and correlation analysis between the expression levels of key miRNAs and their corresponding target genes . Results: Isolated exosomes ex- hibited a typical cup-shaped morphology with intact structures with particle size of 30 - 150 nm , and expressed exo- somal markers CD63 , ALIX , and TSG101 . miRNA sequencing identified 103 DE-miRNAs in AML patients com- pared with healthy donors; after intersection with the GSE64029 dataset , 83 BMSC-derived DE-miRNAs were re- tained . Among these , five candidate miRNAs ( miR-25-3p , miR-532-5p , miR-194-5p , miR-10a-5p , and miR- 20a-5p) were used to construct the prognostic model . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly lon- ger overall survival in the low-risk group compared with the high-risk group (P < 0. 05) . The areas under the ROC curve for the training/validation cohorts were 0. 80/0. 74 , 0. 80/0. 78 , and 0. 79/0. 64 at 1 , 2 , and 3 years , re- spectively . The prognostic model was significantly associated with risk stratification , patient age , and FAB classifi- cation (P < 0. 05) . KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that target genes of the candidate miRNAs were closely linked to cancer-related signaling pathways , including hepatocellular carcinoma , breast cancer , and non-small cell lung cancer. Correlation analysis indicated that the candidate miRNAs were significantly associated with key genes such as HIF1A , CREB1 , PIK3CA , IGF1R , PIK3R1 , TIAM1 , CRK , and PTEN (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion AML patients exhibit distinct miRNA expression profiles in BMSC-derived exosomes . A five-miRNA signature ( miR-25 - 3p , miR-532-5p , miR-194-5p , miR-10a-5p , and miR-20a-5p) demonstrates robust prognostic performance , sup- porting its potential clinical utility in risk stratification and outcome prediction for AML.