Objective: To examine the prevalence of e-cigarette use and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to explore the pathways linking harm perception of e-cigarettes, interpersonal social influence, and attitudes toward e-cigarette use with experimentation behavior, in order to provide scientific basis for further optimizing the prevention and control strategies of e-cigarette among adolescents. Methods: From September to October 2025, a multi stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 144 primary and secondary school students aged 8-19 years from 47 primary and secondary schools in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey. The questionnaire collected information on e-cigarette use, harm perception of e-cigarette, interpersonal social influence, and attitudes toward e-cigarette use. The Chi-square test was applied to analyze the differences in cigarette and e-cigarette use behavior among primary and secondary school students with different demographic characteristics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was constructed using Mplus 8.3 software, and the bootstrap method was utilized to test the mediating effects. Results: The reported rates of cigarette experimentation, e-cigarette experimentation, and current e-cigarette use among primary and secondary school students were 1.85%, 2.10%, and 0.70%, respectively. Higher reporting rates of e-cigarette experimentation were observed among boys (2.82%), secondary school students aged 16-19 (3.39%), senior high school students (3.05%), and those with weekly pocket money >100 yuan ( 6.11% ) ( χ 2=11.67, 8.61, 8.00, 54.18, all P <0.05). Structural pathway analysis results demonstrated that e-cigarette harm perception positively predicted interpersonal social influence ( β =0.61) and e-cigarette use attitude ( β = 0.53 ), and interpersonal social influence ( β =0.65) and e-cigarette use attitude ( β =0.25) further promoted e-cigarette experimentation behavior among primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01), with interpersonal social influence playing a major mediating role (indirect effect=0.40). Conclusions E-cigarette experimentation behavior among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area is jointly influenced by multiple psychosocial factors. Intervention strategies should strengthen interpersonal social factors such as family and peers on the basis of health education, thereby constructing a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for e-cigarette use among primary and secondary school students.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to provide reference for formulating obesity-related intervention strategies for school-age children. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area. The overweight and obesity rate was calculated according to the Chinese health industry standard, and the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents of different school age groups were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The overweight and obesity rate (25.3%) of primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area exceeded the national average level. In primary school group, male, sleep time ≥ 8h per day, water intake ≥ 1200 mL per day, and the presence of mobile food stalls around the school were the risk factors for overweight and obesity. Daily extracurricular exercise time of 30 minutes to 2 hours was a protective factor. In junior high school group, male and electronic product use time of ≥ 2h per day were the risk factors for overweight and obesity. The daily extracurricular exercise time of 1 to 2 hours was a protective factor. In high school group, drinking water ≥1200mL per day was a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Eating breakfast every day for the past week was a protective factor. Conclusion Group intervention targeting overweight and obese school-age children, while changing corresponding unhealthy habits according to different school age groups, is crucial for weight loss in school-age children.

Ferroptosis has been shown to mediate the development of fibrosis.Polyphyllin Ⅶ(PP7),a bioactive component of Paris polyphylla,exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity and can significantly alleviate liver fibrosis.In this study,treatment with PP7 significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),which could be suppressed by a ferroptosis inhibitor.In addition,it promoted HSC ferroptosis by suppressing glutathione(GSH)peroxidase 4(GPX4)and enhanced the expression of CX3C chemokine ligand 1(CX3CL1).Depletion of CX3CL1 attenuated the effects of PP7 on the activation and ferroptosis of HSCs and the expression of GPX4.Notably,CX3CL1 directly interacted with GPX4,triggering HSC ferroptosis.The transcription factor hypermethylated in cancer 1(Hic1),which binds to the Cx3cl1 promoter,increased the expression of CX3CL1.Its absence resulted in downregulation of CX3CL1,sup-pressing the GPX4-dependent ferroptosis of PP7-treated HSCs and promoting their activation.HIC1 was found to directly interact with PP7 at the GLY164 site.Co-culture experiments showed that PP7-induced HSC ferroptosis attenuated macrophage recruitment by regulating inflammation-related genes.HSC-specific inhibition of HIC1 counteracted PP7-induced collagen depletion and HSC ferroptosis in vivo.These findings suggest that PP7 induces HSC ferroptosis through the HIC1/CX3CL1/GPX4 axis.

Ferroptosis has been shown to mediate the development of fibrosis. Polyphyllin VII (PP7), a bioactive component of Paris polyphylla, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity and can significantly alleviate liver fibrosis. In this study, treatment with PP7 significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which could be suppressed by a ferroptosis inhibitor. In addition, it promoted HSC ferroptosis by suppressing glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and enhanced the expression of CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1). Depletion of CX3CL1 attenuated the effects of PP7 on the activation and ferroptosis of HSCs and the expression of GPX4. Notably, CX3CL1 directly interacted with GPX4, triggering HSC ferroptosis. The transcription factor hypermethylated in cancer 1 (Hic1), which binds to the Cx3cl1 promoter, increased the expression of CX3CL1. Its absence resulted in downregulation of CX3CL1, suppressing the GPX4-dependent ferroptosis of PP7-treated HSCs and promoting their activation. HIC1 was found to directly interact with PP7 at the GLY164 site. Co-culture experiments showed that PP7-induced HSC ferroptosis attenuated macrophage recruitment by regulating inflammation-related genes. HSC-specific inhibition of HIC1 counteracted PP7-induced collagen depletion and HSC ferroptosis in vivo. These findings suggest that PP7 induces HSC ferroptosis through the HIC1/CX3CL1/GPX4 axis.

Objective To explore the risk factors and incidence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)formation following scleral buckling(SB)for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD),and to construct a risk prediction model to facilitate screening of high-risk populations and prevent ERM formation.Methods RRD patients who underwent SB in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between February 2022 and April 2024 were included in the study.The pa-tients were divided into occurrence and non-occurrence groups according to whether they developed ERM.Patient data were analyzed,and univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to select variables,which were then incorporated into the multivariate Cox regression model for the identification of risk factors for ERM formation after SB in RRD patients.A predictive model for ERM risk in RRD patients was constructed based on this data,and nomograms,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and calibration curves were drawn to evaluate and validate the diagnostic performance of the model.Results A total of 126 RRD patients(126 eyes)who underwent SB were included.There were 27 cases develo-ping ERM(occurrence group)and 99 not developing ERM(non-occurrence group),with an ERM incidence of 21.4％.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a history of diabetes mellitus[Hazard ratio(HR)=3.52,95％CI:1.37-9.02,P=0.009],preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)(HR=13.00,95％CI:5.18-32.63,P＜0.001),and ≥4 retinal holes(HR=2.33,95％CI:1.04-5.23,P=0.041)were independent influence factors for ERM formation in RRD patients.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.840(95％CI:0.740-0.940)at 30 days and 0.904(95％CI:0.834-0.975)at 90 days.Conclusion A history of diabetes mellitus,preoperative PVR,and ≥4 retinal holes are factors influencing the development of ERM after SB in RRD patients.It is verified that the risk prediction model constructed based on these factors can accurately predict the risk of ERM formation within 6 months in RRD patients.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.

As a critical component of oral diseases,the management of pulp and periapical diseases is undergoing a transformation to-ward personalized,precise,and minimally invasive therapies,driven by advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies.These innovations have significantly improved the success rate of pulp preservation and tooth retention.The application of multimodal imaging,artificial intelligence,and molecular biology detection technologies has introduced new dimensions to the diagnosis and treatment of pulp diseases.The integration of dental microscopes with static/dynamic guided endodontics systems has enhanced root canal debride-ment efficiency.Breakthroughs in bioactive material development have achieved dual progress in infection control and tissue regeneration for pulp and periapical lesions.Furthermore,tissue engineering strategies combining stem cell delivery with biomimetic scaffold materials offer novel approaches for regenerating the pulp-dentin complex.This review summarizes recent technological advances to provide a scientific basis for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment.

As a critical component of oral diseases,the management of pulp and periapical diseases is undergoing a transformation to-ward personalized,precise,and minimally invasive therapies,driven by advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies.These innovations have significantly improved the success rate of pulp preservation and tooth retention.The application of multimodal imaging,artificial intelligence,and molecular biology detection technologies has introduced new dimensions to the diagnosis and treatment of pulp diseases.The integration of dental microscopes with static/dynamic guided endodontics systems has enhanced root canal debride-ment efficiency.Breakthroughs in bioactive material development have achieved dual progress in infection control and tissue regeneration for pulp and periapical lesions.Furthermore,tissue engineering strategies combining stem cell delivery with biomimetic scaffold materials offer novel approaches for regenerating the pulp-dentin complex.This review summarizes recent technological advances to provide a scientific basis for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the risk factors and incidence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)formation following scleral buckling(SB)for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD),and to construct a risk prediction model to facilitate screening of high-risk populations and prevent ERM formation.Methods RRD patients who underwent SB in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between February 2022 and April 2024 were included in the study.The pa-tients were divided into occurrence and non-occurrence groups according to whether they developed ERM.Patient data were analyzed,and univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to select variables,which were then incorporated into the multivariate Cox regression model for the identification of risk factors for ERM formation after SB in RRD patients.A predictive model for ERM risk in RRD patients was constructed based on this data,and nomograms,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and calibration curves were drawn to evaluate and validate the diagnostic performance of the model.Results A total of 126 RRD patients(126 eyes)who underwent SB were included.There were 27 cases develo-ping ERM(occurrence group)and 99 not developing ERM(non-occurrence group),with an ERM incidence of 21.4％.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a history of diabetes mellitus[Hazard ratio(HR)=3.52,95％CI:1.37-9.02,P=0.009],preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)(HR=13.00,95％CI:5.18-32.63,P＜0.001),and ≥4 retinal holes(HR=2.33,95％CI:1.04-5.23,P=0.041)were independent influence factors for ERM formation in RRD patients.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.840(95％CI:0.740-0.940)at 30 days and 0.904(95％CI:0.834-0.975)at 90 days.Conclusion A history of diabetes mellitus,preoperative PVR,and ≥4 retinal holes are factors influencing the development of ERM after SB in RRD patients.It is verified that the risk prediction model constructed based on these factors can accurately predict the risk of ERM formation within 6 months in RRD patients.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.