Objective:To investigate the diversity, temporal dynamics and influencing factors of serotypes of Salmonella among asymptomatic workers in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and provide reference for controlling the hidden transmission of Salmonella and for disease prevention among healthy populations. Methods:Anal rectal swabs were collected from asymptomatic workers in Yulin from 2013 to 2023 for the isolation and identification of Salmonella. The diversity of serotypes of Salmonella was evaluated by using Shannon index, while the isolation rates and composition ratio of different serotypes were compared with χ2 test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of natural and social factors with serotype isolation rates for more than eight years, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of social factors on the serotype isolation rates for more than 8 years. Results:A total of 8 073 strains of Salmonella were isolated from 2013 to 2023, with an overall isolation rate of 18.88‰ During the 11-year period, 135 serotypes of Salmonella were identified, and the serotype diversity increased first and then decreased. The serotype with the highest isolation rate was Salmonella Typhimurium (3.04‰), followed by Salmonella Rissen (1.70‰), Salmonella Corvallis (1.41‰), Salmonella Agona (1.36‰), Salmonella Derby (1.22‰), and Salmonella London (1.02‰), accounting for 51.67% of the total Salmonella serotypes isolated. There was no significant trend in isolation rate of Salmonella over the years ( χ2=0.67, P=0.415); however, season significantly influenced the isolation rate, with lower rate being observed in winter and higher rate in summer ( χ2=615.91, P<0.001). The isolation rate of different serotypes of Salmonella was influenced by social and natural factors, showing a positive correlation with temperature, precipitation, and poultry consumption and production levels. Conclusions:The serotypes of Salmonella carried by asymptomatic workers were complex and diverse in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and the isolation rates of multi-serotypes increased from 2013 to 2023. Higher isolation rate was observed in summer and the isolation rate was widely influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation, as well as social factors such as economic conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the Salmonella serotype carriage in healthy population, and strengthen monitoring of both healthy individuals and pathogenic bacteria.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and injury patterns of eye trauma in children and adolescents in China.Methods:A multicenter cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. Based on the Chinese Eye Trauma Registry database, 189 patients (189 eyes) aged 0-18 years (13.4%, 189/1 412) of 1 412 patients (1 435 eyes) with eye trauma who were hospitalized from January to December 2023 were included in the study. Patients were recruited from 23 tertiary general hospitals or ophthalmology specialty hospitals located in 17 provincial-level administrative regions across six major geographical areas in China (North China, East China, South China, Central China, Northwest China, and Southwest China). The analysis focused on population characteristics, epidemiological features, injury patterns, and visual outcomes of children from different geographical regions and age groups. Among the 189 eyes, 95 eyes underwent secondary surgery. A total of 23 eyes were excluded due to non-cooperation during examination, no light perception, or only light perception. Ultimately, 72 eyes were included in the statistical analysis. Of these, 36 eyes had follow-up data and were used to observe postoperative visual outcomes.Results:Among 189 patients, 143 were males (75.7%, 143/189) and 46 were females (24.3%, 46/189). Age 8.73 (1-18) years old. The gender composition of all age groups was mainly male. The geographical distribution showed that East China had the largest number of cases, 55 (29.1%, 55/189). There were 70 cases (37.0%, 70/189) in 7-10 years old. The type analysis of eye trauma showed that in 189 eyes, mechanical ocular trauma accounted for 130 eyes, of which 105 (80.8%, 105/130) eyes had open globe injuries and 25 (19.2%, 25/130) eyes had closed globe injuries. 122 eyes received emergency surgery within 24 h after injury (accounts for 83.6% of emergency surgical cases, 122/146). In 36 eyes with complete follow-up data, the initial visual acuity distribution was: blind 23 eyes (63.9%), low visual acuity 6 eyes (16.7%), visual acuity ≥0.3 in 7 eyes (19.4%). At the last follow-up, visual acuity improved in 12 eyes (33.3%) with blindness, 8 eyes (22.2%) with low visual acuity, and 16 eyes (44.4%) with visual acuity ≥ 0.3. The final visual outcome showed that the disability rate was 22.2% (8/36) and the blindness rate was 33.3% (12/36).Conclusions:Children and adolescents account for 13.4% of the hospitalized patients with eye trauma in the same period, and there is a significant gender difference (male accounted for 75.7%). There are obvious age-specific distribution rules in the causes, locations and clinical features of eye trauma in children and adolescents of different ages.

Objective:To investigate the diversity, temporal dynamics and influencing factors of serotypes of Salmonella among asymptomatic workers in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and provide reference for controlling the hidden transmission of Salmonella and for disease prevention among healthy populations. Methods:Anal rectal swabs were collected from asymptomatic workers in Yulin from 2013 to 2023 for the isolation and identification of Salmonella. The diversity of serotypes of Salmonella was evaluated by using Shannon index, while the isolation rates and composition ratio of different serotypes were compared with χ2 test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of natural and social factors with serotype isolation rates for more than eight years, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of social factors on the serotype isolation rates for more than 8 years. Results:A total of 8 073 strains of Salmonella were isolated from 2013 to 2023, with an overall isolation rate of 18.88‰ During the 11-year period, 135 serotypes of Salmonella were identified, and the serotype diversity increased first and then decreased. The serotype with the highest isolation rate was Salmonella Typhimurium (3.04‰), followed by Salmonella Rissen (1.70‰), Salmonella Corvallis (1.41‰), Salmonella Agona (1.36‰), Salmonella Derby (1.22‰), and Salmonella London (1.02‰), accounting for 51.67% of the total Salmonella serotypes isolated. There was no significant trend in isolation rate of Salmonella over the years ( χ2=0.67, P=0.415); however, season significantly influenced the isolation rate, with lower rate being observed in winter and higher rate in summer ( χ2=615.91, P<0.001). The isolation rate of different serotypes of Salmonella was influenced by social and natural factors, showing a positive correlation with temperature, precipitation, and poultry consumption and production levels. Conclusions:The serotypes of Salmonella carried by asymptomatic workers were complex and diverse in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and the isolation rates of multi-serotypes increased from 2013 to 2023. Higher isolation rate was observed in summer and the isolation rate was widely influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation, as well as social factors such as economic conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the Salmonella serotype carriage in healthy population, and strengthen monitoring of both healthy individuals and pathogenic bacteria.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and injury patterns of eye trauma in children and adolescents in China.Methods:A multicenter cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. Based on the Chinese Eye Trauma Registry database, 189 patients (189 eyes) aged 0-18 years (13.4%, 189/1 412) of 1 412 patients (1 435 eyes) with eye trauma who were hospitalized from January to December 2023 were included in the study. Patients were recruited from 23 tertiary general hospitals or ophthalmology specialty hospitals located in 17 provincial-level administrative regions across six major geographical areas in China (North China, East China, South China, Central China, Northwest China, and Southwest China). The analysis focused on population characteristics, epidemiological features, injury patterns, and visual outcomes of children from different geographical regions and age groups. Among the 189 eyes, 95 eyes underwent secondary surgery. A total of 23 eyes were excluded due to non-cooperation during examination, no light perception, or only light perception. Ultimately, 72 eyes were included in the statistical analysis. Of these, 36 eyes had follow-up data and were used to observe postoperative visual outcomes.Results:Among 189 patients, 143 were males (75.7%, 143/189) and 46 were females (24.3%, 46/189). Age 8.73 (1-18) years old. The gender composition of all age groups was mainly male. The geographical distribution showed that East China had the largest number of cases, 55 (29.1%, 55/189). There were 70 cases (37.0%, 70/189) in 7-10 years old. The type analysis of eye trauma showed that in 189 eyes, mechanical ocular trauma accounted for 130 eyes, of which 105 (80.8%, 105/130) eyes had open globe injuries and 25 (19.2%, 25/130) eyes had closed globe injuries. 122 eyes received emergency surgery within 24 h after injury (accounts for 83.6% of emergency surgical cases, 122/146). In 36 eyes with complete follow-up data, the initial visual acuity distribution was: blind 23 eyes (63.9%), low visual acuity 6 eyes (16.7%), visual acuity ≥0.3 in 7 eyes (19.4%). At the last follow-up, visual acuity improved in 12 eyes (33.3%) with blindness, 8 eyes (22.2%) with low visual acuity, and 16 eyes (44.4%) with visual acuity ≥ 0.3. The final visual outcome showed that the disability rate was 22.2% (8/36) and the blindness rate was 33.3% (12/36).Conclusions:Children and adolescents account for 13.4% of the hospitalized patients with eye trauma in the same period, and there is a significant gender difference (male accounted for 75.7%). There are obvious age-specific distribution rules in the causes, locations and clinical features of eye trauma in children and adolescents of different ages.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of Salmonella strains carrying the bla _NDM-1 gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals. The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations, and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes. METHODS: We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and employed second- and third-generation sequencing techniques to analyze Salmonella strains harboring the bla _NDM-1 gene, to surveil drug-resistant bacteria in the intestines of healthy subjects. Sequence comparison was conducted using both core- and pan-genome approaches. Concurrently, conjugation experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of plasmid transfer. RESULTS: We isolated a carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain from a healthy food worker in China. This strain harbored an IncHI2/IncHI2A plasmid carrying bla _NDM-1 along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings highlight the potential for asymptomatic carriers to facilitate the transmission of ARGs. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that bla _NDM-1-positive plasmids could traverse bacterial species barriers, facilitating cross-host transmission. CONCLUSION This study marks the first detection of bla _NDM-1 in Salmonella strains isolated from healthy individuals. We underscore the risk associated with the transmission of conjugative hybrid plasmids carrying bla _NDM-1, which have the potential to be harbored and transmitted among healthy individuals. Enhanced surveillance of drug-resistant pathogens and plasmids in the intestinal microbiota of healthy individuals could provide insights into the risk of ARG transmission and pathways for population-wide dissemination via ARG transfer factors.
beta-Lactamases/genetics* ; Plasmids/genetics* ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; China ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification* ; Salmonella/isolation & purification* ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology*

Abstract As dietary issues of children and adolescents become increasingly complex, the assessment of food literacy (FL) is increasingly importance. FL involves a comprehensive cognition and practical ability concerning food among children, playing a key role in fostering healthy eating habits and improving health levels. The article explores the definition and connotations of FL, and introduces eight FL assessment tools in terms of theoretical foundations, dimensions, assessment methods, and their reliability and validity. Moreover, it provides a comparative analysis of these tools by examining their dimensional design, evaluation indicators, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their applicable subjects and scenarios, aiming to offer references for implementing relevant policies and developing more comprehensive and effective FL assessment tools.

Objective Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of Salmonella strains carrying the b/aNDM-1 gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals.The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations,and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes.Methods We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and employed second-and third-generation sequencing techniques to analyze Salmonella strains harboring the b/aNDM-1 gene,to surveil drug-resistant bacteria in the intestines of healthy subjects.Sequence comparison was conducted using both core-and pan-genome approaches.Concurrently,conjugation experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of plasmid transfer.Results We isolated a carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain from a healthy food worker in China.This strain harbored an lncHI2/lncHI2A plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).Our findings highlight the potential for asymptomatic carriers to facilitate the transmission of ARGs.Pan-genomic analysis revealed that b/aNDM-1-positive plasmids could traverse bacterial species barriers,facilitating cross-host transmission.Conclusion This study marks the first detection of b/aNDM-1 in Salmonella strains isolated from healthy individuals.We underscore the risk associated with the transmission of conjugative hybrid plasmids carrying blaNDM-1,which have the potential to be harbored and transmitted among healthy individuals.Enhanced surveillance of drug-resistant pathogens and plasmids in the intestinal microbiota of healthy individuals could provide insights into the risk of ARG transmission and pathways for population-wide dissemination via ARG transfer factors.

Objective:To investigate whether silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activation can relieve paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglion neurons.Methods:Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into solvent control group, paclitaxel group, paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group and paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group ( n=12). Neuropathic pain model in the later 3 groups was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel at 8 mg/kg on the 1 st, 4 th and 7 th d of experiment, respectively; rats in the paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group and paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group were respectively injected with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or agonist SRT1720 30 min before the first injection of paclitaxel. In addition, neuropathic pain model was established in 12 rats (model group) by the same method and SIRT1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion tissues was detected by Western blotting 1 d before experiment and on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of experiment, respectively. Von-Frey filament was used to detect the 50% paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT), and thermal radiation thermal pain detector was used to evaluate the paw withdraw thermal latency (PWTL) 1 d before experiment and on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of experiment. On the 7 th d of experiment, 6 rats in each group were sacrificed with excessive anesthesia after PWMT and PWTL detection; L 4-L 6 dorsal root ganglion tissues were rapidly isolated and primary neurons were cultured; Western blotting was used to detect SIRT1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion tissues, JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) detection kit was used to detect H 2O 2 concentration, and mitochondrial superoxide detection kit and mitochondrial green fluorescence probe kit were used to detect mitochondrial superoxide expression. Results:In the model group, SIRT1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion tissues one d before experiment was significantly decreased compared with that on the 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of the experiment ( P<0.05). On 3 rd, 7 th and 14 th d of experiment, compared with the solvent control group, the paclitaxel group had significantly decreased 50% PWMT ([6.37±2.27] g, [5.47±2.42] g and [5.34±1.74] g), and PWTL ([9.38±1.27] s, [9.70±1.97] s and [9.12±1.21] s, P<0.05); compared with the paclitaxel group, the paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group had significantly increased 50% PWMT ([13.86±3.72] g, [11.87±3.10] g and [12.39±2.94] g) and PWTL ([14.25±2.63] s, [13.29±2.94] s and [14.43±3.91] s), and the paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group had significantly decreased 50% PWMT [(2.20±1.43] g, [2.43±1.44] g and [2.21±1.56] g) and PWTL ([4.47±1.66] s, [3.65±1.80] s and [3.14±1.59] s, P<0.05). On the 7 th d of experiment, the paclitaxel group had significantly decreased SIRT1 protein expression (53.95±7.37) and ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence (48.74±14.57), and significantly increased H 2O 2 concentration ([4.86±0.69] μmol/L) and mitochondrial superoxide expression (180.17±12.08) in the dorsal root ganglion tissues compared with the solvent control group ( P<0.05); compared with the paclitaxel group, the paclitaxel+SIRT1 agonist group had significantly increased SIRT1 expression (97.51±10.09) and ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence (83.52±8.60) and decreased H 2O 2 concentration ([2.30±0.39] μmol/L) and mitochondrial superoxide expression (90.17±18.84) in the dorsal root ganglion tissues ( P<0.05); compared with the paclitaxel group, the paclitaxel+SIRT1 inhibitor group had significantly decreased SIRT1 expression (30.80±6.31) and ratio of orange-red fluorescence to green fluorescence (24.60±6.19) and increased H 2O 2 concentration ([10.67±1.85] μmol/L) and mitochondrial superoxide expression (294.52±26.94) in the dorsal root ganglion tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SIRT1 activation can alleviate paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglion neurons.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Linggui Zhugantang （LGZGT）-medicated serum against H₂O₂-induced injury in H9c2 cells and its relationship with the phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway. MethodThe LGZGT-medicated serum and blank serum were prepared based on serum pharmacology. H9c2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into a normal group， an H₂O₂ group， a 20% blank serum group， and a 20% LGZGT-medicated serum group. The cells were treated with corresponding drugs for 12 h and cultured with 100 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for another 6 h. The effect of 20% LGZGT-medicated serum on the proliferation activity of H9c2 cells induced by H₂O₂ was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （ROS） level was detected by the fluorescence probe. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were detected by colorimetry. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， phosphorylated-PI3K （p-PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， and phosphorylated-Akt （p-Akt）. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. After the addition of PI3K inhibitor LY294002， the levels of mitochondrial ROS， LDH， and GSH-Px， protein expression of PI3K， p-PI3K， Akt， and p-Akt， and cell apoptosis rate were detected. ResultCompared with the normal group， the H₂O₂ group showed blunted cell viability （P<0.01）， increased levels of mitochondrial ROS， MDA， and LDH （P<0.01）， decreased levels of CAT and GSH-Px （P<0.01）， reduced phosphorylation and mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. Compared with the H₂O₂ group， the 20% LGZGT-medicated serum group showed potentiated cell viability， reduced levels of mitochondrial ROS， MDA， and LDH （P<0.01）， increased levels of CAT and GSH-Px （P<0.01）， up-regulated phosphorylation and mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. The combined use of LGZGT-medicated serum and inhibitor LY294002 reversed the above-mentioned effects of LGZGT-medicated serum on H9c2 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of LGZGT-medicated serum on H₂O₂-induced H9c2 cell injury may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors and evaluate the accuracy of existing survival prediction models in patients with lung cancer-derived spinal metastases who have undergone open surgery.Methods:According to the inclusion criteria, the data of 76 patients with spinal metastasis of lung cancer who underwent open surgery in the department of Orthopedics in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were collected from January 2019 to November 2021. The relationship between the number of bone metastasis, pathological type, visceral metastasis, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hemoglobin (Hb), Frankel grade and postoperative survival time in 76 cases was analyzed by Cox logical regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method to determine the potential prognostic factors. The accuracy of Tomita score, Tokuhashi revised score, Katagiri New score, New England Spinal Metastasis Score score (NESMS) and Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) machine learning algorithm in predicting postoperative survival time was verified by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The median follow-up time of the patients was 18.0 months (2.3-36.0 months). The median survival time was 12.6 months [95% CI (10.8, 14.4)]. The survival rates at 6 and 12 months after operation were 71.6% and 52.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that ALP [ HR=0.23, 95% CI (0.11, 0.48), P<0.001], Hb [ HR=4.48, 95% CI (2.07, 9.70), P< 0.001] and EGFR mutation [ HR=2.22, 95% CI (1.04, 4.76), P=0.040] were independent predictors of prognosis. The accuracy of Tomita score, Tokuhashi revised score (2005), Katagiri New score and NESMS score in predicting 1-year mortality was 58.7%, 65.7%, 70.5% and 65% respectively, and the accuracy in predicting 6-month mortality was 63.7%, 62.2%, 61.2% and 56.8% respectively. The accuracy of SORG machine learning algorithm in predicting 1-year and 90 d mortality was 81.1%, 67.5%, respectively. Conclusion:No EGFR mutation, ALP>164 U/L and Hb≤125 g/L were risk factors affecting the survival of patients with spinal metastasis of lung cancer. SORG machine learning algorithm has good accuracy in predicting the postoperative survival rate of patients with lung cancer spinal metastasis.