AIM:To evaluate the characteristics of ocular biometric parameters and the distribution of corneal astigmatism(CA)in patients with high myopia before cataract surgery.METHODS:A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted, and 695 cataract patients(695 eyes)with high myopia [defined as an axial length(AL)≥26.00 mm] scheduled to undergo cataract surgery at our hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were consecutively enrolled, another 695 cataract patients(695 eyes)with normal ALs(22.00 mm ≤AL≤25.00 mm)who underwent cataract surgery at our hospital during the same period were included in the control group. For patients with both eyes eligible, the right eye was used for analysis. Before cataract surgery, IOL Master 700 was used to measure the ocular biometric parameters of both eyes for each patient in the two groups. The medical records and ocular biometric data in the two groups were recorded and collected.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in genger, age, corneal diameter, and central corneal thickness(all P>0.05). In the high myopia group, the mean AL was 29.20±2.61 mm, and 252 eyes(34.1%)had AL ≥30.00 mm(extremely high myopia). The mean anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth(VCD), CA, AL/corneal radius of curvature and VCD/AL in the high myopia group were 3.45±0.40, 4.41±0.47, 21.34±2.60 mm, 1.18±0.78 D, 3.79±0.38, and 0.73±0.03, respectively, which were all greater than those in the control group(all P<0.01). In the high myopia group, 350 eyes(50.4%)had CA ≥1.00 D, 192 eyes(27.6%)had CA ≥1.50 D, and 94 eyes(13.5%)had CA ≥2.00 D, which were all higher than those in the control group(32.8%, 15.1%, and 6.6%, respectively; all P<0.001). In the high myopia group, 87 eyes(12.5%)had flat corneas, 424 eyes(61.0%)had moderate CA, and 40 eyes(5.8%)had high CA. These proportions were all higher than those in the control group(6.0%, 46.9%, and 2.9%, respectively; all P<0.001). In the high myopia group, ACD and ACD/AL were negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.162 and -0.661, respectively; all P<0.001), while both ACD and ACD/AL in the control group were positively correlated with AL(r=0.338 and 0.105, respectively; both P<0.01). In the high myopia group, CA increased with age when the patient's age was ≥50 years(r=0.197, P<0.001), which was consistent with the control group.CONCLUSION: The standardized ocular biometric data of cataract patients with high myopia before cataract surgery are helpful for ophthalmologists to accurately calculate the intraocular lens(IOLs)power and select the appropriate IOL type. The majority of high myopia patients need simultaneous correction of CA during cataract surgery.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of preoperative corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candi-dates with high myopia.Methods In this observational study,medical records of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery in our hospital between January 2014 and December 2023 were reviewed retrospectively.Biometric param-eters of eyes were measured preoperatively by IOL-Master optical biometry.The cataract patients were classified into a high myopia group[defined as axial length(AL)≥26.00 mm]and a control group(normal ALs,22.00 mm ≤ AL ≤25.00 mm).The characteristics of corneal astigmatism were compared between the two groups.Results Among 17 325 cataract pa-tients(17 325 eyes),2 206 patients(2 206 eyes)had high myopia and 13 429 patients(13 429 eyes)had no high myopia.In the high myopia group,1 822 eyes(82.6％)had corneal astigmatism ≥0.50 D,1 138 eyes(51.6％)had corneal astig-matism ≥1.00 D,623 eyes(28.2％)had corneal astigmatism ≥1.50 D and 314 eyes(14.2％)had corneal astigmatism ≥2.00 D.These proportions were significantly higher than those in the control group(71.9％,35.9％,15.9％and 7.3％,re-spectively;all P＜0.001).In the high myopia group,1 340 eyes(60.7％)had moderate astigmatism,147 eyes(6.7％)had high astigmatism and 922 eyes(41.8％)had with-the-rule(WTR)astigmatism.These 3 proportions were all significantly higher than those in the control group(48.9％,3.3％and 28.2％,respectively;all P＜0.001).Among high-myopia pa-tients,the corneal astigmatism was statistically greater in women than that in men(P=0.001),and the proportion of ob-lique astigmatism was higher in women than that in men(19.3％vs.15.8％,P=0.034).The proportion of against-the-rule(ATR)astigmatism increased significantly with age.In the high myopia group,the corneal astigmatism of eyes with WTR,ATR and oblique astigmatism was(1.26±0.85)D,(1.28±0.81)D and(0.89±0.71)D,respectively.They were signifi-cantly greater than those in the control group[(0.82±0.71)D,(1.06±0.68)D and(0.67±0.53)D,respectively;all P＜0.001].In the high myopia group,there were 31.8％,12.3％and 4.1％of eyes with corneal astigmatism ≥1.00 D,≥1.50 D and ≥2.00 D,respectively.All of these 3 proportions were significantly lower than those of eyes with WTR or ATR astig-matism(all P＜0.05).This finding is consistent with the tendency in the control group.Conclusion A significant bur-den of preoperative corneal astigmatism is observed in cataract surgery candidates with high myopia,with more than 50％of the patients having corneal astigmatism ≥1.00 D.The corneal astigmatism of patients with high myopia is significantly greater than that of patients with normal ALs.The proportion of moderate-to-high astigmatism is significantly higher in high-myopia patients than that in patients with normal ALs.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of preoperative corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candi-dates with high myopia.Methods In this observational study,medical records of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery in our hospital between January 2014 and December 2023 were reviewed retrospectively.Biometric param-eters of eyes were measured preoperatively by IOL-Master optical biometry.The cataract patients were classified into a high myopia group[defined as axial length(AL)≥26.00 mm]and a control group(normal ALs,22.00 mm ≤ AL ≤25.00 mm).The characteristics of corneal astigmatism were compared between the two groups.Results Among 17 325 cataract pa-tients(17 325 eyes),2 206 patients(2 206 eyes)had high myopia and 13 429 patients(13 429 eyes)had no high myopia.In the high myopia group,1 822 eyes(82.6％)had corneal astigmatism ≥0.50 D,1 138 eyes(51.6％)had corneal astig-matism ≥1.00 D,623 eyes(28.2％)had corneal astigmatism ≥1.50 D and 314 eyes(14.2％)had corneal astigmatism ≥2.00 D.These proportions were significantly higher than those in the control group(71.9％,35.9％,15.9％and 7.3％,re-spectively;all P＜0.001).In the high myopia group,1 340 eyes(60.7％)had moderate astigmatism,147 eyes(6.7％)had high astigmatism and 922 eyes(41.8％)had with-the-rule(WTR)astigmatism.These 3 proportions were all significantly higher than those in the control group(48.9％,3.3％and 28.2％,respectively;all P＜0.001).Among high-myopia pa-tients,the corneal astigmatism was statistically greater in women than that in men(P=0.001),and the proportion of ob-lique astigmatism was higher in women than that in men(19.3％vs.15.8％,P=0.034).The proportion of against-the-rule(ATR)astigmatism increased significantly with age.In the high myopia group,the corneal astigmatism of eyes with WTR,ATR and oblique astigmatism was(1.26±0.85)D,(1.28±0.81)D and(0.89±0.71)D,respectively.They were signifi-cantly greater than those in the control group[(0.82±0.71)D,(1.06±0.68)D and(0.67±0.53)D,respectively;all P＜0.001].In the high myopia group,there were 31.8％,12.3％and 4.1％of eyes with corneal astigmatism ≥1.00 D,≥1.50 D and ≥2.00 D,respectively.All of these 3 proportions were significantly lower than those of eyes with WTR or ATR astig-matism(all P＜0.05).This finding is consistent with the tendency in the control group.Conclusion A significant bur-den of preoperative corneal astigmatism is observed in cataract surgery candidates with high myopia,with more than 50％of the patients having corneal astigmatism ≥1.00 D.The corneal astigmatism of patients with high myopia is significantly greater than that of patients with normal ALs.The proportion of moderate-to-high astigmatism is significantly higher in high-myopia patients than that in patients with normal ALs.

Objective To investigate the effect of fluid flow shear stress(FFSS)on the fluid mechanic threshold of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)release by synovial cells and chondrocytes.Moreover,the mechanism of chondro-cyte and synovial cell damage induced by abnormal mechanical force was investigated to provide an experimental basis for exploring the pathogenesis and pathology of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.Methods With the approval of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of the hospital,synovial tissue and cartilage tissue blocks were obtained from the knee joints of Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,and synovial cells and chondrocytes were cultured and digested for subsequent experiments.Synovial cells and chondrocytes of 3-4 generations were acquired,and FFSS was applied to sy-novial and cartilage cells using a fluid shear mechanical device.The cells were divided according to the FFSS values of different sizes.Synovial cells were stimulated for 1 h with 1,3,5,or 10 dyn/cm2 of FFSS,and chondrocytes were stimu-lated for 1 h with 4,8,12,or 16 dyn/cm2 of FFSS.Resting cultures(0 dyn/cm2)were used as the control group.Changes in the morphology of the cells were observed.The expression and distribution of HMGB1 and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were observed by immunohistochemistry.The expression of HMGB1 and IL-1β in the supernatant was analyzed by ELI-SA.The protein expression levels of intracellular HMGB1 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot.Results With in-creasing FFSS,the synovial cells and chondrocytes gradually swelled and ruptured,and the number of cells decreased.With increasing FFSS,the localizationof HMGB1 and IL-1β gradually shifted from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.In synovial cells,compared with those in the control group,the expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-1β were increased both in the supernatant and cells in the 1,3,5 and 10 dyn/cm2 intervention groups(P＜0.01).In chondrocytes,com-pared with those in the control group,the expression levels of HMGB1 in the supernatant were increased in the 4,12 and 16 dyn/cm2 intervention groups(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of HMGB1 were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The expression levels of HMGB1 in the supernatant were significantly increased in the 8 dyn/cm2 intervention groups(P＜0.01);however,the protein expression levels of HMGB1 were significantly decreased.Compared with those in the control group,the expression levels of IL-1β in the supernatant gradually increased in the 4,8,12 and 16 dyn/cm2 intervention groups(P＜0.01).With the exception of those in the 4 dyn/cm2 group,the protein expression levels of IL-1β gradually increased with increasing FFSS(P＜0.05).Conclusion With increasing FFSS,synovial cells and chondro-cytes gradually swelled and burst,and the hydromechanical thresholds of HMGB1 release were 1 dyn/cm2 and 8 dyn/cm2,respectively.Therefore,upon stimulation with a mechanical force,synovial damage was damaged before chondrocytes.

OBJECTIVES: Currently, the research results regarding the bilateral temporomandibular joint symmetry in patients at different ages with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) are still controversial. In this study, the position of condyle in the articular fossa and morphology of condyle in UCLP patients at different developmental stages was measured and analyzed to explore the asymmetry difference, which can provide a new theoretical basis for the sequential therapy. METHODS: A total of 90 patients with UCLP were divided into a mixed dentition group (31 cases), a young permanent dentition group (31 cases) and an old permanent dentition group (28 cases) according to age and dentition development. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were imported into Invivo5 software for 3D reconstruction, and the joint space, anteroposterior diameter, medio-lateral diameter, and height of condylar were measured, and its asymmetry index was calculated. RESULTS: The asymmetry index of condylar height and anteroposterior diameter among the 3 groups, from small to large, was the mixed dentition groupP<0.05). There was no significant difference in condylar anteroposterior diameter and asymmetry index between the mixed dentition group and the young permanent dentition group (both P>0.05), all of them were lower than those in the old permanent dentition group (both P<0.05). Compared with the normal side, the height of fracture condyle was smaller among the 3 groups (all P<0.05), and the anterior joint space was smaller (P<0.05) and the posterior joint space was larger (P<0.05) in the mixed dentition group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with UCLP, the asymmetry of condylar morphology increases with age, but the condylar position tends to normal. These results suggest that early treatment has important clinical significance for the morphologic development of temporomandibular joint in UCLP patients.
Humans ; Cleft Lip/diagnostic imaging* ; Cleft Palate/diagnostic imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Clinical Relevance

Despite recent studies, relatively few are known about the diversity of fungal communities in the deep Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we investigated the diversity of fungal communities in 15 different deep-sea sediments from the South Atlantic Ocean with a culturedependent approach followed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. A total of 29fungal strains were isolated from the 15 deep-sea sediments. These strains belong to four fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. Penicillium, accounting for 44.8% of the total fungal isolates, was a dominant genus. The antiaflatoxigenic activity of these deep-sea fungal isolates was studied. Surprisingly, most of the strains showed moderate to strong antiaflatoxigenic activity. Four isolates, belonging to species of Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, could completely inhibit not only the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus mutant strain NFRI-95, but also the aflatoxin production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the antiaflatoxigenic activity of culturable deep-sea fungi. Our results provide new insights into the community composition of fungi in the deep South Atlantic Ocean. The high proportion of strains that displayed antiaflatoxigenic activity demonstrates that deep-sea fungi from the Atlantic Ocean are valuable resources for mining bioactive compounds.

Despite recent studies, relatively few are known about the diversity of fungal communities in the deep Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we investigated the diversity of fungal communities in 15 different deep-sea sediments from the South Atlantic Ocean with a culturedependent approach followed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. A total of 29fungal strains were isolated from the 15 deep-sea sediments. These strains belong to four fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. Penicillium, accounting for 44.8% of the total fungal isolates, was a dominant genus. The antiaflatoxigenic activity of these deep-sea fungal isolates was studied. Surprisingly, most of the strains showed moderate to strong antiaflatoxigenic activity. Four isolates, belonging to species of Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, could completely inhibit not only the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus mutant strain NFRI-95, but also the aflatoxin production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the antiaflatoxigenic activity of culturable deep-sea fungi. Our results provide new insights into the community composition of fungi in the deep South Atlantic Ocean. The high proportion of strains that displayed antiaflatoxigenic activity demonstrates that deep-sea fungi from the Atlantic Ocean are valuable resources for mining bioactive compounds.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VC.AM-1) in oxidative stress induced hypertrophic chondrocytes,in Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) patients and in rat fed with T-2 toxin under selenium deficient conditions in order to analyze the relationship between VCAM-1 biological function and the dysregulation of chondrocyte differentiation in KBD.Methods The ATDC5 was cultured in 1％ ITS solution (10 mg/L insulin,5.5 mg/L transferrin,and 6.7 μg/L sodium selenite) for 21 days,and stimulated with 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1,a nitric oxide [NO] donor) to obtain the oxidative stress induced hypertrophic chondrocytes.Real-time PCR was used to detect VCAM-1 mRNA in hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by different concentrations of SIN-1.The expressions of VCAM-I in articular cartilage of child and adult KBD patients and KBD animal model were determined via the immunohistochemical method,and KBD cartilage samples were obtained in KBD areas from KBD child who had died or from adults who had had surgery.Results After treatment of hypertrophic chondrocytes (ATCD5 cells) with SIN-1 (0,1,3,5 mmol/L),VCAM-1 mRNA levels (1.00 + 0.00,1.22 ± 0.20,0.71 ± 0.22,0.37 ± 0.16) were decreased in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control group (F =27.788,P ＜ 0.05).The densities of VCAM-1 positive cells in superficial and middle zones of the articular cartilage of children KBD patients [(16.08 ± 5.20)％,(19.20 ± 9.71)％] were higher than those of control group [(0.00 ± 0.00)％,(0.00 ± 0.00)％],while that in the deep zone [(7.00 ± 4.40)％] in children KBD patients was significantly lower than that of control [(51.60 ± 20.58)％,tS/M/D=-10.972,-6.249,6.564,P ＜ 0.05].The positive cell density of VCAM-1 in the adult patients was significantly increased in the superficial zone [(7.92 ± 4.29)％ vs (3.12 ± 1.12)％] but significantly decreased in the middle zone [(17.54 ± 8.27)％ vs (31.75 ± 13.30)％] of articular cartilage when compared with that of control group (tS/D =-3.824,3.037,P ＜ 0.05).In articular cartilage of the four groups of KBD rats,the density of VCAM-1 positive cells in the superficial zone was significantly higher in low selenium diet group,T-2 toxin diet group and selenium deficient plus T-2 toxin diet group [(4.11 ± 1.90)％,(5.00 ±2.02)％,(2.78 ± 1.48)％ vs (1.89 ± 1.76)％,P ＜ 0.05].But the density of VCAM-1 positive cells in the deep zone was significantly lower in rat feed with selenium diet and selenium deficient plus T-2 toxin diet [(13.67 ± 2.45)％,(20.56 ± 7.42)％] than that of control group [(33.00 ± 12.57)％,P ＜ 0.05] in the epiphyseal cartilage of KBD rats.Conclusions The level of VCAM-1 is decreased both in the SIN-1 induced hypertrophic chondrocytes and in the deep zone of articular cartilage in KBD patients and in rat fed with T-2 toxin and selenium-deficient diets.VCAM-1 may be associated with the death of deep zone chondrocytes and differentiation disorder in cartilage.