Objective: To explore sex difference in the cardiovascular health (CVH) status of 6-8 year old children in Beijing, so as to inform the early intervention of CVH related lifestyles. Methods: Based on the Beijing Children s Growth and Health Cohort (PROC), baseline physical examination, sequential questionnaire survey, and laboratory tests were conducted among 1 914 grade 1 students. Children s CVH and its subscales (health behaviors and health factors) scores were calculated according to the Life s Essential 8 (LE 8) index and categorized into high, moderate, and low CVH. CVH scores were reported as medians and interquartile ranges; sex differences were compared using the Chi square test and Wilcoxon test. Results: Among the 1 914 participants, the percentages of high, moderate, and low CVH were 35.7%, 63.5%, and 0.8%, respectively, and the percentages of high, moderate, and low health behavior scores were 25.9%, 67.5%, and 6.6%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between sex ( χ 2=2.30, 0.07, P >0.05). The rates of high, moderate, and low health factor scores for boys and girls were 61.1%, 36.0%, 2.9% and 71.1%, 28.4%, 0.5%, respectively, with a statistically significant sex difference ( χ 2=31.88, P < 0.01). The overall CVH score was 76.0(70.0, 83.0), 76.0(69.0, 82.0) for boys, and 77.0(71.0, 83.0) for girls. Among the health behavior metrics, sleep scores were the best and physical activity scores were the worst[100.0(90.0,100.0), 40.0(20.0, 80.0 )]; among the health factor metrics, blood glucose scores were the best and lipid scores were the worst[100.0(100.0,100.0), 60.0(40.0,100.0)]. In respect to health factors, there were significant gender differences in body mass index, blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood pressure scores ( Z =-6.92, 3.01, -6.60, -2.30, <0.05), but there were no significant gender differences in diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, or sleep scores with regards to health behaviors ( Z =0.99, 0.88, -0.13, 0.36, P > 0.05 ). Compared to boys, girls in the low and moderate CVH groups had high health factor scores despite low health behavior scores. Conclusion Most 6 to 8-year-old children in Beijing were found to have relatively good CVH, and optimization of children s CVH status can be achieved by promoting healthier lifestyles and monitoring health factors, especially among boys.

School is a densely populated place, which can easily lead to tuberculosis clusters, then affect the physical and mental health of students and the normal teaching order of school. Tuberculosis latent infection (LTBI) screening for new students and close contacts of tuberculosis patients has become important parts of school tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Previous studies have shown that the LTBI rate of Chinese in-school students is about 5.74% to 11.67%, and there are differences in gender, studying phase and urban-rural distributions. Preventive treatment is an effective measure to prevent LTBI from developing into active tuberculosis, but the proportion of LTBI preventive treatment for students in most areas is low. The difficulties in implementing preventive treatment may be attributed to concerns about adverse reactions to medication and sense of shame towards illness among students, and lack of awareness about preventive treatment among medical staff. This review searches the research literature published from 2016 to 2023, and summarizes the prevalence of LTBI in Chinese students and progress on preventive treatment, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of tuberculosis among students.

AIM: To investigate the diagnostic value of the axial length/corneal radius of curvature(AL/CR)for myopia in children and adolescents.METHODS: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched to collect clinical research on the value of AL/CR in diagnosing myopia in children and adolescents, and the retrieval time was from establishment to September 30, 2023. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the extracted literature. A random-effects model was used to pool diagnostic test data, Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity.RESULTS: A total of 10 articles involving 19 872 study participants were included, and Meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity of the AL/CR for the diagnosis of myopia in children and adolescents was 0.91[95%CI(0.90-0.91)], the pooled specificity was 0.84 [95%CI(0.84-0.85)], and area under the SROC curve of 0.95 [95%CI(0.93-0.96)].CONCLUSION: The AL/CR is a good indicator of myopia in children and adolescents.

The theory of “rhythmic equilibrium” is developed based on the idea of sharing the same laws between nature and human， and by integrating with the medical concept of homeostasis of calm yin and sound yang. "Rhythmic instability" runs through the entire process of the occurrence and development of myopia， covering four aspects including imbalance of rhythm （high-risk period of myopia）， imbalance of qi and blood （premyopia）， imbalance of sinew-membranes （low myopia）， and imbalance of essence and blood （high myopia）. The treatment should focus on adjusting the rhythm and harmonizing situation， which can help balance yin and yang， and nourish the eye system. For high-risk period of myopia， adjusting sleeping time and increasing outdoor activities are stressed to adjust the rhythm in a timely manner. In the stage of premyopia， appropriate techniques of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） such as pressing needles can be added to harmonize qi and blood. In the period of low myopia， appropriate TCM techniques such as pressing needles and ear acupuncture are mainly used， supplemented by modified Danggui Buxue Decoction （当归补血汤） to soften tendons and unblock collaterals. During the period of high myopia， it is recommended to control the development of existing disease and put focus on nourishing essence and blood， usually with Zhujing Pill （驻景丸） or modified Siwu Wuzi Decoction （四物五子汤） to restore the stability of the eyes and the whole body.

Objective:To explore the current status and training needs of nurses' knowledge, belief, and behavior regarding the good limb positioning in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:From November to December 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 1 708 nurses from 30 ClassⅢ hospitals in 17 provinces across the country, who worked in departments such as Neurology and Rehabilitation. The self-designed General Information Questionnaire, Knowledge, Belief and Behavior Questionnaire for Putting Good Limb Position in Clinical Nurses, and self-designed Training Status and Needs Questionnaire for Good Limb Positioning were used for online surveys. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of nurses' knowledge, belief, and behavior in good limb positioning.Results:A total of 1 622 valid questionnaires were collected. Nurses scored (135.64±25.93) on the Knowledge, Belief and Behavior Questionnaire for Putting Good Limb Position in Clinical Nurses, with the lowest score rate of 65.65% in the knowledge subscale and the highest score rate of 88.16% in the belief subscale. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, working years, department, and whether they received training were the influencing factors of nurses' knowledge, belief, and behavior in good limb positioning ( P<0.05). 92.23% (1 496/1 622) of nurses were willing to receive training on good limb positioning, and 70.10% (1 137/1 622) of nurses participated in training on good limb positioning. Conclusions:Nurses generally have a moderate level of knowledge, belief, and behavior towards the good limb positioning, with room for improvement in their knowledge and behavior. However, their belief is relatively positive. Nursing managers should actively carry out training on good limb positioning based on the different characteristics and needs of nurses, improve their ability to good limb positioning.

Objective To provide pharmaceutical care for patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis by using the medication therapy management(MTM)model combined with Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe(PCNE),and to analyze the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care from clinical efficacy,safety,humanistic effect and drug-related problems(DRPs).Methods Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were randomly divided into the pharmaceutical care group and the control group who received only conventional treatment.Clinical pharmacists used MTM combined with PCNE to provide pharmaceutical care in the pharmaceutical care group.Economic effects,clinical indicators,safety,medication compliance and quality of life were compared between the two groups during the treatment and follow-up period.DRPs were analyzed in the pharmaceutical care group.Results The cost-utility ratio and clinical indicators in the pharmaceutical care group were better than those in the control group,and the adverse drug reactions of the former were statistically significant compared with the latter at the three months follow-up,and medication compliance and quality of life were statistically significant after intervention and during follow-up(P＜0.05).There were 52 DRPs in the pharmaceutical care group,mainly in the category of poor treatment outcome.The main reasons were poor drug selection and excessive usage and dosage.There were 46 DRPs accepted by intervention,and 45 DRPs were completely and partially solved.Conclusion The pharmaceutical care model of MTM combined with PCNE classification system for patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis played a positive role in the treatment and follow-up period.

Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Serine ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Spasms, Infantile

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition and analgesia molecular mechanism of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology. METHODS By comparing the chromatogram and blank chromatogram of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture, combined with PubChem, HMDB, MassBank database spectrum and the lysis information of reference substance, the chemical composition of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture was analyzed and identified. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by using STRING database, and potential targets of analgesic effect of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture were screened. And GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to analyze the core pathways related to analgesia. The network of "chemical composition-disease-target" was constructed by Cytoscape software to analyze the key compounds related to analgesia. RESULTS Seventeen core components of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, neohesperidin, ferulic acid, berberine, ursolic acid, deoxyaconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypacoitine, caffeic acid, quercetin, oleanolic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and mefenamic acid were identified, 3 core targets of STAT3, MAPK3 and MAPK1 were found, and 4 key signaling pathways of IL-17, TNF, PI3K-Akt and arachidonic metabolism were revealed. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily clarifies the chemical composition of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture and potential mechanism of analgesic effect, and provides a scientific theoretical basis for the study on the material basis and mechanism of Shuanghu Zhongtongning tincture.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of drug application deviation in elderly diabetes mellitus patients during hospital-family transition period.Methods:A total of 278 elderly diabetes mellitus patients in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the study subjects.All patients were followed up by telephone 1 week after discharge.The drug deviation evaluation tool(MDT)was used to evaluate the drug application deviation in patients during the hospital-family transition period.They were divided into drug application deviation group and non-drug application deviation group.Sociodemographic and disease-related data and medication management data were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of drug application deviation in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus during hospital-family transition period.Results:Of the 278 elderly patients with diabetes, 162(58.27%)had at least one drug application deviation during hospital-family transition period.The family care index was lower in drug application deviation group than non-drug application deviation group( Z=6.578, P<0.001).As compared with non-drug application deviation group, drug application deviation group had the higher number of drugs at discharge, and had lower scores of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale with Eight-Item(MMAS-8), had lower scores of Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities(SDSCA)and had lower scores of Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale(SEAMS), with statistically significant differences( Z=10.971, 6.077, t=5.947, 14.105, all P<0.001).Binary Logistic regression analysis and forest map showed that the more number of discharge medication was a risk factor for drug application deviation during hospital-family transition period in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus( OR=4.128, P<0.001); family care index, MMAS-8 score, SDSCA score and SEAMS score were its protective factors( OR=0.343, 0.523, 0.922, 0.568, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of drug application deviation during hospital-family transition period is higher in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.The possible protective factors are high scores of family care index, MMAS-8, SDSCA and SEAMS, and the risk factor is large number of drugs ordered by discharged doctors.Therefore, targeted intervention measures can be implemented to reduce the occurrence of drug application deviation during hospital-family transition period.

OBJECTIVE：To learn from the experie nce of post-marketing risk management of biopharmaceuticals in the United States，and to provide reference for post-marketing risk management of biopharmaceuticals in China. METHODS ：By studying guidance documents and website information issued by FDA ，the risk management of biopharmaceuticals after marketing in the United States was analyzed. Taking infliximab as an example ，the specific implementation situation was introduced ，the management characteristics were summarized ，and the enlightenment and relevant suggestions were put forward for the risk management of biopharmaceuticals after marketing in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The post-marketing risk management of biopharmaceuticals in the United States mainly includes two aspects as “risk evaluation and mitigation strategy （REMS）”and “post-marketing study and clinical trials system ”. The latter included post-marketing requirement （PMR） and post-marketing commitment（PMC）. Taking infliximab as an example ，since it was approved by FDA in August 1998，its manufacturer submitted REMS to FDA in 2009 and obtained approval ，and proposed post-marketing studies and clinical trials for five times. It can be seen that FDA has issued specific guidelines for post-marketing risk management of biopharmaceuticals to encourage multi-role participation in risk management ， realize effective communication with patients ， and continuously supervise the risk of biopharmaceuticals，so as to reduce the risk of the use of biopharmaceuticals. For biopharmaceuticals ，China has not yet formulated systematic and specific implementation rules and guidelines ，and there is still lack in post-marketing risk management. It is suggested that China can learn from the measures and system of post-marketing risk management of biopharmaceuticals in the United States ，involve stakeholders in post-marketing management ，enhance patients ’awareness of drug use risks through effective communication，and further improve the post-marketing research management system to guarantee patients ’safety of drug use.