Objective To classify the foot types of young Chinese males,extract characteristic indicators of foot types,and construct a standard foot type database.Methods Foot type data from 1 483 healthy young male individuals were collected.Spectral clustering algorithm was utilized to categorize foot types,and a deep neural network(DNN)was employed for training the classification model.Layer-wise relevance propagation(LRP)and the correlation coefficient method were combined to extract foot type features,and the differences in various foot type characteristics were compared.Results Spectral clustering yielded 4 distinct foot type categories.Foot type 1 was characterized by a high-arched foot with a prominent big toe,inwardly rotated 5th toe,and a high heel with a wide foot;foot type 2 was characterized by a narrow foot with hallux valgus;foot type 3 was characterized by a low-arched foot with hallux valgus;foot type 4 was characterized by a high-arched foot with a prominent big toe.By integrating interpretable neural networks and the correlation coefficient method,nine indicators were extracted from 27 foot type indicators,including the heel to the sole length,hallux height,navicular bone height,lateral malleolus height,hallux valgus angle,5th toe angle,dorsal foot circumference,heel angle,and longitudinal arch angle.The classification model constructed with these extracted indicators achieved an overall discrimination accuracy rate of 93.67％.Conclusions Chinese young males can be classified into four typical foot types.By examining the rearfoot,midfoot,and forefoot regions,nine key foot morphology parameters,including length,height,circumference,and angle,can be extracted.These parameters provide both theoretical and empirical support for establishing normative data on foot morphology for Chinese young males and for advancing biomechanical researches on the foot and ankle.

Objective To classify the foot types of young Chinese males,extract characteristic indicators of foot types,and construct a standard foot type database.Methods Foot type data from 1 483 healthy young male individuals were collected.Spectral clustering algorithm was utilized to categorize foot types,and a deep neural network(DNN)was employed for training the classification model.Layer-wise relevance propagation(LRP)and the correlation coefficient method were combined to extract foot type features,and the differences in various foot type characteristics were compared.Results Spectral clustering yielded 4 distinct foot type categories.Foot type 1 was characterized by a high-arched foot with a prominent big toe,inwardly rotated 5th toe,and a high heel with a wide foot;foot type 2 was characterized by a narrow foot with hallux valgus;foot type 3 was characterized by a low-arched foot with hallux valgus;foot type 4 was characterized by a high-arched foot with a prominent big toe.By integrating interpretable neural networks and the correlation coefficient method,nine indicators were extracted from 27 foot type indicators,including the heel to the sole length,hallux height,navicular bone height,lateral malleolus height,hallux valgus angle,5th toe angle,dorsal foot circumference,heel angle,and longitudinal arch angle.The classification model constructed with these extracted indicators achieved an overall discrimination accuracy rate of 93.67％.Conclusions Chinese young males can be classified into four typical foot types.By examining the rearfoot,midfoot,and forefoot regions,nine key foot morphology parameters,including length,height,circumference,and angle,can be extracted.These parameters provide both theoretical and empirical support for establishing normative data on foot morphology for Chinese young males and for advancing biomechanical researches on the foot and ankle.

Objective To explore the effect of cognitive-motor dual tasks with different cognitive loads(none,simple and difficult)on activation of prefrontal cortex and static posture control in young man.Methods From June to July,2024,27 healthy male college students were recruited in Hebei Normal University.Static postural control parameters(C90 area),lower limb electromyography data(muscle energy proportion)and pre-frontal cortex hemodynamic signals of subjects under single task without cognitive load,dual-task with simple cognitive load,and dual-task with difficult cognitive load were collected using a balanced testing and training system,a wireless surface electromyography device,and functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology.Results The C90 areas of dual-tasks with simple and difficult cognitive load were smaller than that of the single task without cognitive load(P<0.05).The proportion of β band energy in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius mus-cles in the dual-task with simple cognitive load was greater than that in the single task without cognitive load(P<0.05),while the proportion of piper band energy in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle and tibialis anterior muscle was less(P<0.05).During dual-task with difficult cognitive load,the activation levels of bilateral ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were higher than those in the single task without cognitive load(P<0.05).Conclusion Dual tasks with appopriate cognitive loads are effective on postural stability in young man.Simple cognitive load promote posture maintenance through optimizing the neuromuscular control of the lower limb muscle groups,while difficult cognitive load through activating the right prefrontal cortex involved in working memory and executive control,involving the neurocognitive compensatory.

Objective To explore the correlation between single-leg standing posture control and ankle plantar flexor muscle stability,so as to provide a new theoretical basis for improving the ability of human posture control.Methods A total of 20 healthy male college students were randomly selected as the experimental subjects.The iBalance tester and training system was used to test the trajectory data of the center of pressure(COP)of the foot standing on one leg.The CON-TREX MJ multi-joint isokinetic test and training system was used to test the moment amplitude data during the contraction of ankle plantar flexor muscles.Univariate repeated measures variance analysis was used to analyze the standard deviation data of ankle plantar flexor moment amplitude between groups.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the correlation.Results The greater the intensity of the muscle stabilization task performed by the ankle plantar flexor muscle,the greater the standard deviation of the moment amplitude.The C90 area was positively correlated with the coefficient of variation(CV)of the 10％maximum voluntary contraction(MVC)moment of ankleplantar flexor muscle(r=0.761,P＜0.05)during single-leg standing without interference.The C90 area was positively correlated with the CV(r=0.632,P＜0.05)of the 30％MVC moment of ankle plantar flexor muscle during single-leg standing.When the proprioception was interfered during single-leg standing,the C90 area was positively correlated with the CV(r=0.583,P＜0.05)of the 20％MVC moment amplitude of ankleplantar flexor muscle.Conclusions With the increasing difficulty of muscle strength stabilization performed by the ankle plantar flexor muscles,muscle stability decreases.There is a positive correlation between ankle plantar flexor strength stability and single-leg standing posture control.Compared with the case without interference,under visual and proprioceptive interference,an additional information input is reduced or disturbed,and it is more difficult to maintain body balance,and the ankle plantar flexor muscle needs a higher muscle stability in the force mode to participate in the posture control of the human body during single-leg standing.

Purpose To analyze and discuss the clinicopathological,molecular pathological characteristics,as well as diagnostic and prognostic features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma(PXA)according to the new WHO classifi-cation.Methods 79 cases of PXA were collected to analyze their pathological and clinical data.Immunohistochemis-try using the EnVision method was employed to detect the expression of CD34,ATRX,Rb,Olig-2,H3K27M,H3K27me3,IDH1 R132H,BRAF VE1 and Ki67.Sanger sequencing was used to detect mutations in H3F3A and IDH1/2.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the BRAF V600E mutation and TERT promoter region al-terations.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect CDKN2A and EGFR alterations.The relation-ship between clinical,pathological,molecular genetics data,and prognosis was analyzed.Results The patients'ages ranged from 9 to 69 years,with an average age of 36.4 years.Most tumors were located in the temporal lobe,frontal lobe and parietal lobe.Among the 79 cases,42 were classified as grade 2 PXA and 37 as grade 3 PXA.The tumor cells exhibited pleomorphic changes,with perivascular lymphocytic sheaths and eosinophilic bodies frequently ob-served.Grade 3 PXA exhibited more mitotic figures(average of 11.8/10 HPF),and was usually accompanied by nec-rosis,focal marginal infiltration and microvascular proliferation.Immunohistochemistry and molecular characteristics revealed frequent positivity for CD34,BRAF V600E mutation(68.1％),and CDKN2A homozygous deletion(36.8％)in PXA.Some cases showed TERT gene mutation and absent Rb expression.Univariate survival analysis in-dicated that necrosis,focal marginal infiltration,and CNS WHO grade were related to overall survival,while focal infil-tration and CNS WHO grade were the independent risk factors.Conclusion The prognosis of CNS WHO grade 3 PXA is wrose than that of grade 2 PXA.Accurate diagnosis of PXA requires the combination of the morphological features,immunohistochemical staining,and multiple molecular tests.

Objective:To explore the current status, research hotspots, and development trends of shared decision-making in the field of cardiovascular disease nursing, and to provide a reference for future research.Methods:Relevant literature on shared decision-making in cardiovascular disease nursing published up to October 31, 2024, was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was used for visualized analysis.Results:A total of 2 748 publications were identified, including 2 446 in English and 302 in Chinese. The overall number of publications has shown an increasing trend. Research hotspots include quality of life, palliative care, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The emerging trend involves integrating evidence-based approaches with artificial intelligence technologies to build scientific evidence frameworks that support patients in making optimal decisions.Conclusions:Research on shared decision-making in cardiovascular disease nursing has been increasing year by year but remains largely concentrated in developed countries. Future studies should draw on international research frontiers while considering China's national and cultural contexts, enhance academic exchange and collaboration, and explore effective strategies to promote shared decision-making between Medical staff and patients.

Objective:To explore the current status, research hotspots, and development trends of shared decision-making in the field of cardiovascular disease nursing, and to provide a reference for future research.Methods:Relevant literature on shared decision-making in cardiovascular disease nursing published up to October 31, 2024, was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was used for visualized analysis.Results:A total of 2 748 publications were identified, including 2 446 in English and 302 in Chinese. The overall number of publications has shown an increasing trend. Research hotspots include quality of life, palliative care, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The emerging trend involves integrating evidence-based approaches with artificial intelligence technologies to build scientific evidence frameworks that support patients in making optimal decisions.Conclusions:Research on shared decision-making in cardiovascular disease nursing has been increasing year by year but remains largely concentrated in developed countries. Future studies should draw on international research frontiers while considering China's national and cultural contexts, enhance academic exchange and collaboration, and explore effective strategies to promote shared decision-making between Medical staff and patients.

Objective To explore the effect of cognitive-motor dual tasks with different cognitive loads(none,simple and difficult)on activation of prefrontal cortex and static posture control in young man.Methods From June to July,2024,27 healthy male college students were recruited in Hebei Normal University.Static postural control parameters(C90 area),lower limb electromyography data(muscle energy proportion)and pre-frontal cortex hemodynamic signals of subjects under single task without cognitive load,dual-task with simple cognitive load,and dual-task with difficult cognitive load were collected using a balanced testing and training system,a wireless surface electromyography device,and functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology.Results The C90 areas of dual-tasks with simple and difficult cognitive load were smaller than that of the single task without cognitive load(P<0.05).The proportion of β band energy in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius mus-cles in the dual-task with simple cognitive load was greater than that in the single task without cognitive load(P<0.05),while the proportion of piper band energy in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle and tibialis anterior muscle was less(P<0.05).During dual-task with difficult cognitive load,the activation levels of bilateral ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were higher than those in the single task without cognitive load(P<0.05).Conclusion Dual tasks with appopriate cognitive loads are effective on postural stability in young man.Simple cognitive load promote posture maintenance through optimizing the neuromuscular control of the lower limb muscle groups,while difficult cognitive load through activating the right prefrontal cortex involved in working memory and executive control,involving the neurocognitive compensatory.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xihuang Pill/Capsule （西黄丸/胶囊， XP/XC） as an adjuvant to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant digestive tract tumors. MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the China Biomedical Literature Database， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， VIP Database， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials （RCTs） published before March 6， 2024， regarding the use of XP/XC in clinical adjuvant treatment of malignant digestive tract tumors. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool. RevMan 5.4 was used to perform a Meta-analysis on 1-year survival rate， 2-year survival rate， clinical efficacy， including objective response rate and disease control rate， Karnofsky Performance Status （KPS） score， immune markers （CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD8⁺， and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio）， and adverse event rates （incidence of gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow suppression）. ResultsThirteen RCTs involving 962 patients were included， with 527 patients in the experimental group and 435 patients in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the experimental group had better outcomes than the control group in terms of 2-year survival rate ［RR = 0.49， 95% CI （0.31， 0.78）］， objective response rate ［RR = 0.68， 95% CI （0.60， 0.77）］， disease control rate ［RR = 0.85， 95% CI （0.80， 0.91）］， and immune markers CD3⁺ ［MD = -7.99， 95% CI （-9.12， -6.86）］， CD4⁺ ［MD = -5.42， 95% CI （-7.11， -3.74）］， and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio ［MD = -0.26， 95% CI （-0.32， -0.20）］ （P＜0.05）. However， no statistically significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in terms of 1-year survival rate ［RR = 0.91， 95% CI （0.73， 1.14）］， KPS ［MD = -3.73， 95% CI （-8.67， 1.21）］， CD8⁺ ［MD = -0.53， 95% CI （-1.45， 0.39）］， incidence of gastrointestinal reactions ［RR = 0.82， 95% CI （0.46， 1.46）］， and incidence of bone marrow suppression ［RR = 0.93， 95% CI （0.72， 1.20）］ （P＞0.05）. ConclusionCompared with radiotherapy/chemotherapy alone， the combination of XP/XC with radiotherapy/chemotherapy can effectively improve clinical efficacy and 2-year survival rate， enhance immune function， and achieve similar adverse event rates as radiotherapy/chemotherapy alone in patients with malignant digestive tract tumors.

Ovarian cancer （OC） is a common gynecological malignant tumor in clinical practice. In the early stage，it is often asymptomatic，while in the late stage，it mainly presents with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal distension，poor appetite，and dull abdominal pain. Some patients may also have cachexia such as weight loss and anemia. Early diagnosis is difficult，and the mortality rate ranks first among gynecological malignant tumors，making OC a major challenge in clinical treatment. The classic Chinese medicine formula Guizhi Fulingwan comes from the Jingui Yaolue and has the effects of promoting blood circulation，removing blood stasis，and reducing abdominal lumps. In recent years，it has been widely used to treat OC with good results. This article summarized the clinical application of Guizhi Fulingwan in the treatment of OC from two aspects：The analysis of its basic prescriptions and clinical research. In terms of basic prescriptions，the formula has the ability to promote blood circulation，remove blood stasis，and reduce abdominal lumps. It can exert therapeutic effects considering both water and blood aspects and reduce abdominal lumps， with characteristics of simultaneous Yang warming and heat clearing and parallel supplementation and elimination. Through the methods of "circulation" and "supplementation"， it strengthens the body，dispels evil，and eliminates underlying symptoms. In clinical studies，Guizhi Fulingwan can be applied to various stages of patients with OC，which not only promotes the recovery of the body after OC surgery but also can be combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy to synergistically treat advanced OC and enhance treatment efficacy. In addition，the formula can also alleviate various adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy，with high safety，improve patients' quality of life，prolong survival，and optimize tumor control effects. Based on the above analysis，this article elaborated on the current clinical research status of Guizhi Fulingwan combined with Western medicine in the treatment of OC and proposed suggestions and improvements to address the shortcomings in current clinical research，so as to provide reference for the clinical application of this formula in the treatment of OC and the construction of a combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment model.