BACKGROUND: Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. METHODS: This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12.1 years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2 days/week (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P <0.001), 3-5 days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.003), and 6-7 days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week ( Ptrend <0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD ( Ptrend = 0.011) and MCEs ( Ptrend = 0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD ( Pinteraction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Vascular Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; East Asian People

Abdomen/diagnostic imaging* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Body Composition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To investigate the role of TRIM65 on DSS induced colitis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Trim65+/+ and Trim65-/- mice were administered with 3% (w/v) DSS in their drinking water for 5 consecutive days and then were switched to sterile water for 2 days. DSS treated mice were monitored daily for the clinical symptoms (bodyweight, stool consistency and rectal bleeding score). Mice were sacrificed on day 7 to measure colon length. Colon homogenates were collected to measure MPO activity and detect cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1β by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Trim65-/- mice were intraperitoneally injected with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950, and were given the above treatment to determine the effect of MCC950 on colitis in Trim65-/- mice. Results The results showed that deletion of Trim65 significantly enhanced weight loss and colon shortening in DSS mice, increased disease activity index and histopathological score, induced the activity of MPO, and promoted the F4/80+ immune cell infiltration, the activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of mature IL-1 in the colon of DSS mice. The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 alleviated DSS induced colitis symptoms and inflammation levels in trim65 deficient mice. Conclusion TRIM65 plays an anti-inflammatory role in DSS induced colitis mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

【Objective】 To analyze the changes of activation, function and metabolism of apheresis platelets during storage. 【Methods】 Five groups of apheresis platelets(n=10per group), stored up to 5 days at 20~24℃ with agitation, were sampledat day0(4 hours within collection), 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively to assess the activation indexes as PAC-1 and CD62P and platelet function was evaluated by thromboelastogram.The platelet counts and related parameters were determined, and the biochemical indexes such as pH, glucose, lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase reflecting metabolism were measured and statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The CD62P (%) and PAC-1 (%) of apheresis platelets with different storage duration showed significant differences(P<0.05), and CD62P (%) increased significantly on 4thday of storage (P<0.05). There were significant differences in TEG parameters as R(min), K(min), ANG (min)and MA (mm), and MA value increased significantly after1-daystorage (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Plt and related indexes among the groups (P>0.05). Significant differences were notable in platelet biochemical indexesby groups using variance analysis(P<0.05). The pH value and glucose were the lowest in platelets with 4-day storage, while lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase were the highest. 【Conclusion】 The storagelesion of apheresis platelets occurs as the activation, function and metabolism of platelets developed as the storage prolonged.

Objective To explore the role of portal venous pressure changes in the liver dysfunction caused by hepatic congestion after extended liver resection.Methods The experimental study was adopted.According to the random number table,90 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups,30 in each group:30 rats in the non-congestion group received 70％ of liver resection (median lobe + left lobe),30 rats in the congestion group received 70％ of liver resection (median lobe + left lobe) with whole caudal lobe congestion by ligation of veins and 30 rats in the congestion + splenectomy group received 70％ of liver resection (median lobe + left lobe) with whole caudal lobe congestion by ligation of veins and splenectomy.(1) Twenty rats in each group were used to make postoperative survival analysis.Ten rats in each group were used for related experiments.The portal venous pressures (PVPs) of 5 rats in each group were detected at postoperative 12 hours and 24 hours,and then blood and liver specimens were collected.(2) PVP changes were detected at postoperative 12 hours and 24 hours.(3) Clinical and biochemical test:level of total bilirubin (TBil) was tested at postoperative 12 hours and 24 hours.(4) Pathological examination:liver pathological damage was detected by HE staining.(5) The expression of CD68 macrophagocyte was detected by immunohistochemical staining.(6) The relative expressions of Cleaved Casepase-3 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) proteins at postoperative 24 hours were detected by Westein blot.(7) The relative expressions of mRNA of vascular regulation related genes (ET-1/eNOS) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).(8)The hyaluronic acid (HA) was measured by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA).Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as （x） ± s.Comparison among 3 groups was done using the ANOVA,and pairwise comparison was done by the LSD test.The postoperative 5-day survival curve was drawn by the KaplanMeier method,and the survival was compared using the Log-rank test.Results (1) Survival analysis:5-day survival rate in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group were respectively 75％,10％ and 55％,with a statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (x2=18.21,P ＜0.05).(2)Changes of PVPs and TBil:levels of PVP and TBil in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group were respectively (15.77 ±0.67)cmH2O,(18.33 ±0.28) cmH2O,(14.87 ± 0.58) cmH2O,(1.48 ±0.10)μmol/L,(1.76±0.15) μ mol/L,(1.62 ±0.11) μmol/L at postoperative 12 hours and (13.49 ± 0.45) cmH2 O,(16.96 ± 0.82) cmH2 O,(15.69 ± 0.85) cmH2 O,(1.47 ± 0.11) μmol/L,(1.94 ± 0.07) μmol/L,(1.67 ± 0.11) μmol/L at postoperative 24 hours,showing statistically significant differences among 3 groups (F =56.53,29.01,6.81,27.85,P ＜ 0.05).(3) Results of pathological examination:compared with noncongestion group,there were a lot of vacuolar cells with degeneration appearing in non-congestion liver tissues,severe liver cell swelling and hepatic sinus congestion in the congestion group at postoperative 24 hours.Compared with congestion group,vacuolar degeneration appearing in non-congestion liver tissues have some improvement in the congestion + splenectomy group.(4) Immunohistochemical staining:compared with non-congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group,the positive CD68 marked macrophages in the congestion group were increased at postoperative 24 hours.(5) Western blot assay:the relative expressions of Cleaved Casepase-3 and HIF-1α proteins in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group were 0.63 ± 0.05,1.17 ± O.18,0.95 ± 0.17 and 0.63 ± 0.14,1.48 ± 0.08,1.13 ± 0.17,respectively,showing statistically significant differences among 3 groups (F =17.42,50.58,P ＜ 0.05).(6) Results of RT-PCR:the relative expression of mRNA of ET-1/eNOS in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group was respectively 1.01 ± 0.63,2.09 ± 0.27,0.82 ± 0.12 at postoperative 12 hours and 0.73 ± 0.17,2.16 ± 0.94,0.80 ± 0.24 at postoperative 24 hours,showing statistically significant differences among 3 groups (F =62.91,10.65,P ＜0.05).The relative expression of mRNA of TNF-α in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group was respectively 0.99 ± 0.08,127.80 ± 13.15,7.34 ± 1.56 at postoperative 12 hours and 0.99 ± 0.06,116.62 ± 13.32,58.62 ± 12.12 at postoperative 24 hours,showing statistically significant differences among 3 groups (F =436.77,154.54,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of mRNA of IL-6 in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group was respectively 0.98 ±0.06,1.87 ±0.34,1.54 ±0.15 at postoperative 12 hours and 0.99 ±0.05,2.02 ±0.27,1.51 ±0.11at postoperative 24 hours,with statistically significant differences among 3 groups (F =22.08,46.71,P ＜ 0.05).(7) Results of ELISA:the level of HA in the non-congestion group,congestion group and congestion + splenectomy group was respectively (149 ± 9) ng/L,(200 ± 19) ng/L,(174 ± 9) ng/L at postoperative 12 hours and (136 ± 16) ng/L,(202 ± 13) ng/L,(91 ± 11) ng/L at postoperative 24 hours,with statistically significant differences among 3 groups (F =19.23,34.68,P＜0.05).Conclusions On the basis of extended liver resection,a wide range of liver congestion through increasing PVP causes hepatic microcirculation disorders,hypoxia,inflammation,vacuoles degeneration cells,increased cells apoptosis,aggravated damage of liver function and increased mortality of rats.Splenectomy could reduce PVP and then improve the liver tissues damage caused by liver congestion,meanwhile,increase the survival rate of rats.