ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of gingerol， an active component of ginger， on Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） infection， and to preliminarily explore its mechanism related to extracellular vesicles （EVs）. MethodsS.aureus infection models were established in human umbilical vein endothelial cell （HUVECs）， Vero E6 cells， and C57BL/6 mice. Experimental groups included control， infection， and gingerol-treated groups. Bacterial load and VE-cadherin protein expression were detected using immunofluorescence and Western blot. EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. miRNA sequencing was performed on EVs. ResultsGingerol treatment significantly reduced the bacterial load in both in vitro and in vivo infection models and upregulated VE-cadherin expression. miRNA sequencing of EVs revealed that S. aureus infection upregulated the expression of hsa-miR-320c， while gingerol treatment reversed this abnormal expression. Bioinformatic analysis further predicted that the target genes of hsa-miR-320c were significantly enriched in cell junction-related pathways. ConclusionGingerol exhibits clear antibacterial and host-protective effects， by regulating hsa-miR-320c in EVs to maintain endothelial barrier integrity.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of Changpu Yujin Tang(CPYJT)on the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1/Gasdermin D(NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD)signaling pathway-mediated neuroinflammation in rats with Tourette syndrome(TS).Methods SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into the Control and TS groups.After successful modeling in the TS group,the rats were randomly divided into the Model,Tiapride,and CPYJT groups,and were treated with the corresponding drugs for 4 weeks.After the treatment,the rats' behavior was scored,H & E staining was used to observe pathological changes in the striatum,ELISA was used to measure the content of IL-1β and IL-18,RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and ASC mRNA,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins.Results Compared with the Control group,the Model group showed increased scores of stereotyped and motor behaviors(P＜0.01),pathological changes in the striatal tissue,increased content of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),and upregulated expression of NLRP3,ASC mRNA,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins(P＜0.01).Compared with the Model group,the Tiapride group and the CPYJT group showed decreased scores of stereotyped and motor behaviors(P＜0.01),improved pathological damage in the striatal tissue,reduced content of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),and inhibited expression of NLRP3,ASC mRNA,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of CPYJT on TS is related to the inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Objective To understand the driver gene mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Xi'an City, and to analyze the association with environmental exposure factors. Methods A total of 305 NSCLC patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 were included. The driver gene mutation status was observed, and the relationship with environmental exposure factors was analyzed. Results The driver gene mutation rate of 305 patients was 46.89%, with EGFR gene mutation accounting for the highest proportion, and 4 cases of gene co-mutations were detected. There was a difference in gender among patients with different single drive gene mutations (P<0.05), and the proportion of EGFR in women was significantly higher (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in family history, smoking history, long-term cooking history, and fried smoked food intake between patients with driver gene mutation and patients without driver gene mutation (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that long-term cooking history (OR=2.392), and fried smoked food intake (OR=2.849) were the environmental exposure factors affecting EGFR gene mutation (P<0.05), and smoking history (OR=1.377) was an environmental exposure factor of KRAS gene mutation (P<0.05). Conclusion EGFR gene mutation accounts for the highest proportion of NSCLC patients in Xi'an City, and is mainly female. Long-term cooking history, and fried smoked food intake are related to EGFR gene mutation. There is a certain association between smoking history and KRAS gene mutation.

Objective To systematically analyze the medical radiation exposure levels in a district of Ningbo City and to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable and effective control of medical radiation exposure. Methods Based on the radiological diagnosis frequency and dose information system, basic medical radiation exposure data were collected, such as radiation doses received by patients in various X-ray diagnostic examinations, from all 13 public medical institutions in a district of Ningbo City from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed for the percentage and collective effective dose of various diagnostic examinations, the distribution of examinations by sex and age, and the number of patients undergoing two or more examinations and their cumulative doses within multiple time intervals. Results Among medical X-ray diagnostic examinations in the district, the percentages of CT examination and routine photography examination were 50.88% and 47.93%, respectively, and the collective effective dose of CT examination accounted for 97.75%. By age and sex, the frequency of examination was the highest in the age group of 45-54 years, and the frequency of examination in the male was higher than that in the female before age 55. The annual effective dose for two patients exceeded 100 mSv. Conclusion In this study, CT examination accounted for up to 50.88% of all medical X-ray diagnostic examinations, and contributed 97.75% of the collective effective dose, highlighting the need for particular attention to the justification of medical radiation exposure from CT.

By combining the origin and research progress of the combination of disease and syndrome, the core pathogenesis, this article explored the research ideas and methods of the core pathogenesis of TCM. It is found that modern TCM is mostly guided by the idea of classification-staging-syndrome differentiation, the main prescription of the main disease, the special prescription of the special disease, and the idea of "dynamic-fixed sequential". The tongue image syndrome differentiation method, clustering analysis method, drug test syndrome method, compound pathogenesis method, "evidence-based pathogenesis-syndrome treatment system" research model, and the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine theory were used to explore the core pathogenesis of TCM under the condition of disease. Combined with the advantages of modern medical disease differentiation and TCM syndrome differentiation, the individualized diagnosis and treatment methods of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have been continuously improved, in order to solve the stage contradictions of different clinical stages, effectively delay the progression of the disease and improve the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of Changpu Yujin Tang(CPYJT)on the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1/Gasdermin D(NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD)signaling pathway-mediated neuroinflammation in rats with Tourette syndrome(TS).Methods SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into the Control and TS groups.After successful modeling in the TS group,the rats were randomly divided into the Model,Tiapride,and CPYJT groups,and were treated with the corresponding drugs for 4 weeks.After the treatment,the rats' behavior was scored,H & E staining was used to observe pathological changes in the striatum,ELISA was used to measure the content of IL-1β and IL-18,RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and ASC mRNA,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins.Results Compared with the Control group,the Model group showed increased scores of stereotyped and motor behaviors(P＜0.01),pathological changes in the striatal tissue,increased content of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),and upregulated expression of NLRP3,ASC mRNA,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins(P＜0.01).Compared with the Model group,the Tiapride group and the CPYJT group showed decreased scores of stereotyped and motor behaviors(P＜0.01),improved pathological damage in the striatal tissue,reduced content of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),and inhibited expression of NLRP3,ASC mRNA,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of CPYJT on TS is related to the inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Objective:To describe the current status and changes of multisymptom burden during the post-transplant hematopoietic reconstruction period in children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to provide reference for the precise management of symptoms in post-transplantation children.Methods:Children aged 7-18 years who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Shanghai Children′s Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2022 to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method. The Pediatric Patient Reported Outcomes version of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events was used to assess multiple symptoms and burden during the reconstruction period on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after transplantation.Results:Finally, 90 children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were investigated, including 61 males and 29 females, aged (9.98 ± 2.96) years old. On days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after transplantation, the number of symptoms, severity of symptoms, degree of symptom interference were 20.00 (14.00), 18.00 (14.50), and 10.00 (9.75), with scores of 0.18 (0.30), 0.14 (0.29), 0.08 (0.13), 0.00 (0.08), and 0.27 (0.42), 0.19 (0.30), 0.09 (0.16), 0.03 (0.11), respectively. The overall differences were statistically significant ( Z=101.69, 93.70, 96.65, all P<0.01). The symptom burden in children showed four different trajectories including higher symptom burden in the early stages and lower in the later stages, consistently high burden, high symptom burden followed by low symptom burden, and consistently low burden. Conclusions:Children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are plagued by multiple symptoms during hematopoietic reconstruction, and with the treatment and time, different symptoms show different trajectories of change. Healthcare professionals should accurately assess the symptomatic changes of children after transplantation and provide targeted interventions to reduce the symptomatic burden and promote the recovery of children.

Objective:To describe the current status and changes of multisymptom burden during the post-transplant hematopoietic reconstruction period in children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to provide reference for the precise management of symptoms in post-transplantation children.Methods:Children aged 7-18 years who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Shanghai Children′s Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2022 to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method. The Pediatric Patient Reported Outcomes version of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events was used to assess multiple symptoms and burden during the reconstruction period on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after transplantation.Results:Finally, 90 children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were investigated, including 61 males and 29 females, aged (9.98 ± 2.96) years old. On days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after transplantation, the number of symptoms, severity of symptoms, degree of symptom interference were 20.00 (14.00), 18.00 (14.50), and 10.00 (9.75), with scores of 0.18 (0.30), 0.14 (0.29), 0.08 (0.13), 0.00 (0.08), and 0.27 (0.42), 0.19 (0.30), 0.09 (0.16), 0.03 (0.11), respectively. The overall differences were statistically significant ( Z=101.69, 93.70, 96.65, all P<0.01). The symptom burden in children showed four different trajectories including higher symptom burden in the early stages and lower in the later stages, consistently high burden, high symptom burden followed by low symptom burden, and consistently low burden. Conclusions:Children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are plagued by multiple symptoms during hematopoietic reconstruction, and with the treatment and time, different symptoms show different trajectories of change. Healthcare professionals should accurately assess the symptomatic changes of children after transplantation and provide targeted interventions to reduce the symptomatic burden and promote the recovery of children.

Virtual reality technology is an emerging technology that integrates multiple disciplines. It has the advantages of immersion, interactivity and imagination, which provides convenience for intelligent nursing in the field of rehabilitation treatment. This paper summarizes the application research of virtual reality technology in patients with kinetophobia, focusing on classification, application mechanism, application status, limitations and future development of virtual reality technology in various diseases of kinetophobia, so as to provide reference and basis for the rehabilitation nursing of patients with kinetophobia based on virtual reality technology in the future.

Objective:To re-evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by conducting a systematic review and provide insights for the implementation and continuous improvement of exercise intervention strategies.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted across databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Campbell Collaboration, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database. The search covered literature from the inception of the databases until December 19, 2023. Two researchers trained in evidence-based nursing independently screened the literature. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool, and the quality of evidence was graded using the GRADE system.Results:Eight systematic reviews were included. The AMSTAR 2 evaluation revealed one review of moderate quality, six of low quality, and one of very low quality. GRADE assessment of 33 outcome indicators showed that one piece of evidence was of moderate quality, 24 were of low quality, and eight were of very low quality.Conclusions:Exercise interventions may improve overall functional outcomes in ALS patients without exacerbating fatigue. However, due to the limitations in the quantity and quality of the included studies, further large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the effects of exercise interventions in ALS patients.