Objective To develop and evaluate a questionnaire in knowledge,attitude and practices for the patients with dry eye disease in order to provide an evaluation tool for investigation of the status about the knowledge,attitude and practices among the patients. Methods Between January and May 2022,an initial questionnaire item pool was established through literature review and analysis,together with the group discussions based on the theoretic model of knowledge,attitude and practices. A total of 12 medical and nursing experts participated in the two rounds of Delphi expert consultations. Based on the results of consultation,an initial questionnaire was modified and developed. Between June and December 2022,190 patients with dry eye disease in our hospital were selected by convenience sampling to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results Based on the included 9 pieces of literature and the results from the 3 group discussions,a preliminary questionnaire was developed with 3 dimensions and 44 items. After the first round of consultation,five items were revised,and 10 items were omitted. The second round of consultation achieved consensus among the experts. A predictive pilot questionnaire containing 34 items across three dimensions of knowledge,attitude and practice was then formulated. The Kendall's concordance coefficients in the two rounds of consultation were 0.346 and 0.413,respectively (both P<0.001),with an authority coefficient of 0.90. 176 patients completed the survey in the discrimination analysis by high and low score groups,one entry that did not meet the criteria was removed. Structural validity was then analysed by exploratory factor analysis. Five common factors with eigenvalue>1 were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 65.677％. Item 8 of the knowledge dimension was removed due to a double load. In the content validity analysis,the item level validity was 0.92-1.00,and the scale level validity was 0.94-1.00. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.894,and the test-retest reliability was 0.987. The finalised evaluation questionnaire consisted of 32 items,including knowledge sub-dimension 1 (knowledge about dry eye disease),knowledge sub-dimension 2 (risk factors of dry eye disease),attitude sub-dimension 1 (prevention and control attitude for dry eye disease),and attitude sub-dimension 2 (self-management attitude of dry eye disease),as well as the behaviour dimension (prevention and control behaviour for dry eye disease). Conclusion The questionnaire developed by Delphi method demonstrates good reliability and validity. Therefore,it can be used as a tool in the investigation of the status of knowledge,attitude and practice of the patients with dry eye disease.

Objective To develop and evaluate a questionnaire in knowledge,attitude and practices for the patients with dry eye disease in order to provide an evaluation tool for investigation of the status about the knowledge,attitude and practices among the patients. Methods Between January and May 2022,an initial questionnaire item pool was established through literature review and analysis,together with the group discussions based on the theoretic model of knowledge,attitude and practices. A total of 12 medical and nursing experts participated in the two rounds of Delphi expert consultations. Based on the results of consultation,an initial questionnaire was modified and developed. Between June and December 2022,190 patients with dry eye disease in our hospital were selected by convenience sampling to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results Based on the included 9 pieces of literature and the results from the 3 group discussions,a preliminary questionnaire was developed with 3 dimensions and 44 items. After the first round of consultation,five items were revised,and 10 items were omitted. The second round of consultation achieved consensus among the experts. A predictive pilot questionnaire containing 34 items across three dimensions of knowledge,attitude and practice was then formulated. The Kendall's concordance coefficients in the two rounds of consultation were 0.346 and 0.413,respectively (both P<0.001),with an authority coefficient of 0.90. 176 patients completed the survey in the discrimination analysis by high and low score groups,one entry that did not meet the criteria was removed. Structural validity was then analysed by exploratory factor analysis. Five common factors with eigenvalue>1 were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 65.677％. Item 8 of the knowledge dimension was removed due to a double load. In the content validity analysis,the item level validity was 0.92-1.00,and the scale level validity was 0.94-1.00. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.894,and the test-retest reliability was 0.987. The finalised evaluation questionnaire consisted of 32 items,including knowledge sub-dimension 1 (knowledge about dry eye disease),knowledge sub-dimension 2 (risk factors of dry eye disease),attitude sub-dimension 1 (prevention and control attitude for dry eye disease),and attitude sub-dimension 2 (self-management attitude of dry eye disease),as well as the behaviour dimension (prevention and control behaviour for dry eye disease). Conclusion The questionnaire developed by Delphi method demonstrates good reliability and validity. Therefore,it can be used as a tool in the investigation of the status of knowledge,attitude and practice of the patients with dry eye disease.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)using the liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS).Methods By using the LI-RADS v2013.1,two radiologists evaluated 1 62 patients with cirrhosis or with a risk of HCC according to an inclusion criteria.The Kappa value was used to evaluate the consistency between two different diagnoses and was compared with pathological and follow-up results.The accuracy of the LI-RADS was assessed including sensitivi-ty,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio and accuracy rating.Results In all 1 62 patients,there were HCCs in 97 patients including 7 patients belonging to the LR3,benign diseases in 50,and other kinds of malignancy in 1 5.The Kappa value was 0.882 (P =0.000)between two observers on LI-RADS grading. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rating of LI-RADS grading in diagnosing HCC was 100.00%,91.30%,and 97.06%,re-spectively.Conclusion The LI-RADS has high consistency and stability in evaluation and diagnosis of HCC by enhanced CT.LR3 di-agnosis should be cautious because of a susceptible development to HCC,which can be improved through the combination of clinic and laboratory examination.

Objective To understand the incidence of nosocomial infections for providing basis for the development of prevention and control measures.Methods All the hospitalized patients were investigated,data collection used by nosocomial infection surveillance system,the results were statistically analyzed.Results Nosocomial infections occurred in 46 case-times with the infection rate of 3.04％,the top 3 prevalence rates were in ICU(46.15％),department of hematology(21.87％),department of neurosurgery (1 1.76％).The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (36.96％) and upper respiratory tract (28.26％).The utilization rate of antibiotics was 44.09％.There were 183 patients who received etiology examination with the submission rate of 32.28％.Conclusion The investigation of prevalence of nosocomial infections can contribute to understanding of the incidence of nosocomial infections,and taking interventions to the key departments,strengthening the clinical specimens submission,and standardizing the reasonable use of antibiotics can decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections.

The impelling mode of morality-oriented nursing education unites moral affection and moral volition by impelling the need for nursing morality, and enables nurses to play an active role in the nursing work. This mode also indicates that nursing morality is a humanistic and valuable scientific career, and of great importance for guaranteeing the human wellbeing. Therefore, the establishment of morality-oriented nursing is a necessity for the specialization of nursing career.