Objective To explore the risk factors for the recurrence of autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP),so as to provide a new reference for its clinical treatment.Methods The clinical data of 198 AIP patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from 2014 to 2021 were collected,including 164 patients with type 1 AIP and 34 patients with type 2 AIP.Based on the recurrence status of AIP,the patients were categorized into recurrence group(38 cases)and non-recurrence group(160 cases),and differences between the 2 groups were analyzed.Patients with definite duration of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy were further screened,and logistic regression model and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of AIP recurrence.Results During the follow-up period,19.19％(38/198)of AIP patients experienced a relapse.The 1-,3-,and 5-year cumulative recurrence rates were 6.57％,9.09％,and 12.63％,respectively,with type 1 AIP demonstrating a significantly higher recurrence rate than type 2 AIP(21.95％[36/164]vs 5.88％[2/34],P=0.030).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level(odds ratio[OR]=0.544,95％confidence interval[CI]0.321-0.924,P=0.024)and the duration of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy(OR=0.797,95％CI 0.704-0.902,P＜0.001)were the potential factors of AIP recurrence in 112 patients with definite data on the duration of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy was independently associated with AIP recurrence(OR=0.813,95％CI 0.713-0.926,P=0.002).Spearman rank correlation analysis further demonstrated a negative correlation between the duration of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy and AIP recurrence(r=-0.545,P＜0.001).Additionally,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the duration of glucocorticoid maintenance therapy had good predictive effect on AIP recurrence,with an area under curve value of 0.873(95％CI 0.800-0.945,P＜0.001).Conclusion Long-term regular glucocorticoid therapy is an independent protective factor against AIP recurrence,and it can significantly reduce the recurrence of AIP.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant gastrointestinal cancer with a poor prognosis, and early diagnosis remains challenging. The use of reliable biomarkers can significantly enhance the early evaluation and management of this disease. Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are released into the bloodstream and can be obtained easily through minimally invasive liquid-based biopsy, making them promising candidates for early tumor diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and monitoring therapeutic responses. This paper reviews the advancements in CTCs detection technology and their clinical applications in pancreatic cancer over the past decade, both domestically and internationally, which offer a new perspective on the early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency on depression-like behavior and mitochondrial function in hippocampus，and to study the underlying mechanisms． Methods: The female adult C57BL /6 mice were randomly assigned to Sham group，Ovx group and Ovx + E2 group．On the 7th day after operation，Ovx + E2 group was subcutaneously injected with 17 β-estradiol ( E2 ) for 4 weeks．Then another 48 female adult C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into Sham group，Sham + MnTBAP group，Ovx group and Ovx + MnTBAP group．After operation for one week，MnTBAP was injected into the hippocampus of mice in Sham + MnTBAP group and Ovx + MnTBAP group．The depression-like behaviors of the mice were monitored by sucrose preference test and forced swimming test．Then the mice were decapitated，and the hippocampus samples were collected．Mitochondria of hippocampus were isolated using mitochondria fractionation kit．The concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ， reactive oxygen species ( ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined，respectively. Results: Compared with Sham mice，Ovx showed a decrease in the percentage of sucrose consumption，an increase in immobility time and the alterations of hippocampal mitochondrial function，which were reversed by estrogen treatment. Intrahippocampal injection of MnTBAP significantly increased the percentage of sucrose consumption and decreased immobility time in Ovx mice． Conclusion Hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to estrogen deficiency-induced depression-like behaviors.