Objective To explore the potential categories of psychosocial adaptation in psoriasis patients and their differences in social alienation.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey design,convenience sam-pling was used to select 376 psoriasis patients from multiple hospitals in Shandong Province from September to December 2022.Participants completed the general information questionnaire,Psychosocial Adaptation to Illness Scale(PAIS-SR),Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-2),and General Alienation Scale(GAS).Latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus8.0 software to identify psychosocial adaptation patterns of psoriasis patients,and SPSS25.0 was used to compare social alienation differences among different adaptation groups.Results Psoriasis patients could be divided into two latent profiles:moderate psychosocial adaptation group(31.38％)and low psychosocial adaptation group(68.62％).Medical payment method,dis-ease recurrence,psoriasis subtype,disease duration,family history,skin lesion exposure,and AAQ-2 scores were identified as main influencing factors(P＜0.05).Significant differences in total GAS scores were found between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The psychosocial adaptation of psoriasis patients shows het-erogeneity and could be classified into two latent profiles.Targeted interventions should be implemented to improve psychosocial adaptation levels.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cGAS-STING pathway is a promising strategy in tumor treatment. The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP, activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING. Notably, in tumor immune microenvironment, key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells. The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity. The membrane-based system, including extracellular vesicles transport, phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA, cGAMP and activated STING, enhancing the immune surveillance and inflammatory. The membrane proteins, including specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions, transfer cGAMP and dsDNA, which are crucial to regulate immune responses. And the ligand-receptor interactions for interferons transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response. This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment. We further explore how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discuss potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.

Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway is a promising strategy for tumor treatment.The pattern recognition receptor cGAS identifies dsDNA and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger 2′3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),activating the downstream interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein STING.Notably,in tumor immune microenvironment,key components of cGAS-STING pathway are transferred among neighboring cells.The intercellular transmission under these contexts serves to sustain and amplify innate immune responses while facilitating the emergence of adaptive immunity.The membrane-based system,including extracellular vesicles transport,phagocytosis and membrane fusion transmit dsDNA,cGAMP and activated STING,enhances the immune surveillance and inflammatory responses.The membrane proteins,including a specific protein channel and intercellular gap junctions,transfer cGAMP and dsDNA,which are crucial to regulate immune responses.The ligand-receptor interactions for interferon transmission amplifies the anti-tumor response.This review elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of cell-to-cell communications of cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immune microenvironment,explores how these mechanisms modulate immunological processes and discusses potential interventions and immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these signaling cascades.