BACKGROUND:Cannabidiol is effective in ameliorating the body's inflammatory response,but no clear mechanistic studies have been conducted to ameliorate skeletal muscle inflammation induced by exhaustive exercise. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which cannabidiol improves skeletal muscle inflammation during exhaustive exercise by using transcriptome sequencing technology. METHODS:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:blank control group,exercise coconut oil group,exercise control group,50 mg/kg cannabidiol group,60 mg/kg cannabidiol group,and 70 mg/kg cannabidiol group,with six rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in each group were subjected to swimming exercise for 9 days to produce the exhaustive exercise model.At the end of each swimming exercise,rats in the cannabidiol groups were given 2 mL of fat-soluble cannabidiol at different concentrations(50,60,and 70 mg/kg)by gavage;rats in the exercise coconut oil group were given the same volume of coconut oil by gavage until the end of the exercise on the 9th day;and rats in the blank control group and the exercise control group were not given any special treatment.The levels of inflammatory factors and differentially expressed genes in the skeletal muscle of rats in each group were determined using ELISA and transcriptome sequencing techniques.Differentially expressed genes obtained were subjected to KEGG analysis,and the accuracy of the sequencing data was verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of ELISA showed that the contents of interleukin-6(P<0.05),tumor necrosis factor-α(P<0.01),interleukin-10 and other inflammatory factors in the exercise group increased significantly compared with the blank control group and the coconut oil group.After cannabidiol intervention,the mass concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α showed a sequential decrease with increasing cannabidiol concentration.By comparing GO and KEGG databases,the functional properties of differentially expressed genes were analyzed,and the results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.RT-qPCR results showed that the trends of five randomly selected differentially expressed genes were in agreement with the transcriptome sequencing results.To conclude,cannabidiol can improve skeletal muscle inflammation caused by exhaustive exercise.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly,and its main pathological manifestations include senile plaques formed by β-amyloid deposition and neuronal fibrillar nodules formed by hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins.Lysosome is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells,containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that can break down proteins and other biomolecules.It is closely related to intracellular transport and autophagy,and is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis.This review summarizes the interaction between lysosomal dysfunction and the development and progression of AD and the potential therapeutic mechanisms in treating AD by regulating and restoring the functions of lysosomes.Lysosomal dysfunction can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.Modulation of lysosomal function is a promising treatment strategy for AD.It is expected that more drugs and therapeutic regimens based on this mechanism can be used in the clinical treatment for AD patients in the future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between asprosin(Asp)and angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3)levels and Diabetic Peripheral Vascular diseases in type 2diabetes mellitus Disease,DPVD)to evaluate their predictive value for DPVD.Methods A total of 141 patients with type 2diabetes who met the inclusion criteria were included and divided into non-DPVD group(n=71)and DPVD group(n=70),and healthy subjects in the same period were selected as normal control group(n=37).General data and expression levels of Asp and ANGPTL3 in the three groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between Asp and ANGPTL3 levels and clinical indicators,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of DPVD.The predictive value of serum Asp and ANGPTL3 levels to DPVD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results Compared with non-DPVD group,the levels of asprosin and angiopoietin-like protein 3 in DPVD group were higher(all P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that Asp level was positively correlated with age,SBP,FBG,LDL-C and ANGPTL3(all P＜0.05).ANGPTL3 level was positively correlated with age,SBP,DBP,FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C and Asp(all P＜0.05).Age,course of disease,HbA1c,TG,LDL-C,FCP,Asp and ANGPTL3 were the influencing factors of DPVD(all P＜0.05),while course of disease,TG,Asp and ANGPTL3 were the independent influencing factors of DPVD(all P＜0.05).ROC curve results showed that Asp and ANGPTL3 levels alone predicted DPVD AUC of 0.679 and 0.706,corresponding sensitivity of 88.7％and 78.9％,specificity of 47.1％and 55.7％,respectively.The combined prediction of Asp and ANGPTL3 levels for DPVD was 0.777 AUC,80.3％sensitivity and 64.3％specificity.Conclusion Asp and ANGPTL3have certain predictive value for DPVD,and their combined predictive value is higher.

Objective To investigate the relationship between asprosin(Asp)and angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3)levels and Diabetic Peripheral Vascular diseases in type 2diabetes mellitus Disease,DPVD)to evaluate their predictive value for DPVD.Methods A total of 141 patients with type 2diabetes who met the inclusion criteria were included and divided into non-DPVD group(n=71)and DPVD group(n=70),and healthy subjects in the same period were selected as normal control group(n=37).General data and expression levels of Asp and ANGPTL3 in the three groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between Asp and ANGPTL3 levels and clinical indicators,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of DPVD.The predictive value of serum Asp and ANGPTL3 levels to DPVD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results Compared with non-DPVD group,the levels of asprosin and angiopoietin-like protein 3 in DPVD group were higher(all P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that Asp level was positively correlated with age,SBP,FBG,LDL-C and ANGPTL3(all P＜0.05).ANGPTL3 level was positively correlated with age,SBP,DBP,FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C and Asp(all P＜0.05).Age,course of disease,HbA1c,TG,LDL-C,FCP,Asp and ANGPTL3 were the influencing factors of DPVD(all P＜0.05),while course of disease,TG,Asp and ANGPTL3 were the independent influencing factors of DPVD(all P＜0.05).ROC curve results showed that Asp and ANGPTL3 levels alone predicted DPVD AUC of 0.679 and 0.706,corresponding sensitivity of 88.7％and 78.9％,specificity of 47.1％and 55.7％,respectively.The combined prediction of Asp and ANGPTL3 levels for DPVD was 0.777 AUC,80.3％sensitivity and 64.3％specificity.Conclusion Asp and ANGPTL3have certain predictive value for DPVD,and their combined predictive value is higher.

ObjectiveTo explore the current status and issues regarding the application of ancient books in clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） published in China， and to provide methodological recommendations for the incorporation of ancient books in the development of TCM guidelines. MethodsWe searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， WanFang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Embase， as well as six industry websites including China Association of Chinese Medicine， National Group Standards Information Platform， and Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine，etc. TCM clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus issued during January 1st， 2017， to November 26th， 2022 were searched. Clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus that explicitly referred to ancient books were included， and the content regarding the searching for ancient books， sources of access to ancient books， methods of evaluating the level of evidence， methods of evaluating the level of recommendation， and methods of evaluating the evidence for the ancient books were analysed. ResultsA total of 1,215 TCM clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus were retrieved， with 442 articles explicitly mentioning the application of ancient books， including 300 （67.87%） clinical practice guidelines and 142 （32.13%） expert consensus. Sixty of the 442 publications explicitly reported that ancient books searching had been conducted （13.57%）； among these 60 publications 27 （45.00%） explicitly reported ancient books searching strategies， and the most frequent method was manual searching with a total of 24 articles （40.00%）. The most popular search source was Chinese Medical Dictionary， a TCM classics database， with a total of 18 articles. 197 articles （44.57%） explicitly reported the evaluation criteria for the level of evidence， of which 141 articles （71.57%） involved the evaluation criteria for the ancient books； 413 articles （93.44%） mentioned ancient books in the recommendations， and only the source of formula name was mentioned in 409 （99.03%） of the publications. ConclusionThe current application of ancient books in TCM clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus is limited， with issues of non-standard searching and evaluation methods. Standar-dization and uniformity are needed in evidence grading and recommendation standards. Future research should clarify the scope and methods of applying ancient book， emphasize their integration with modern research evidence， and enhance their value and quality in the development of TCM clinical practice guidelines.

Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of the complete genome of a strain of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Qinghai province in 2024.Methods:A total of 300 samples were collected during 2024 influenza surveillance in Qinghai province sentinel hospitals from patients with fever accompanied by severe respiratory infection symptoms. We used real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR) method to screen out HRSV subtype B (HRSVB) positive specimens, whole genome sequencing was performed on positivespecimens meeting the requirements for the sequencing. After downloading the global representative HRSVB genotypes at GenBank database, sequence alignment was performed, related evolutionary tree was built and the calculation and analyses of genetic distance were done, analyses of HRSVB sequencing of sequence homology of nucleotides, amino acids and amino acid mutation were performed.Results:The first strain in Qinghai, China/qinghai/2024-03 had a complete sequence of 15 140 bp nucleotides, with HRSV′s all structural characteristics, and subtype HRSVA prototype strain Long strains of nucleotide the lowest homology was 80.0%, and subtype HRSVB prototype strain nucleotide homology was above 94.7%. The result indicated that the first strain in Qinghai belonged to HRSVB subtype. Genetic evolution shows China/qinghai/2024-03 and USA/WA-S23450/2021 (OR326803.1) and Germany/2021 (OR795235.1) all belong to a branch, they have the closest relationship. Phylogenetic analysis of G gene showed that the strain belonged to BA9 genotype of HRSVB subtype, and the hypervariable regions of the genome were SH and G genes.Conclusions:In this study, the complete genome sequence of HRSV China/qinghai/2024-03 was obtained for the first time, and the basic molecular structural characteristics were elucidated, which filled the gaps in the gene and amino acid data of HRSV in our province, and also provided a basis for HRSV epidemiology.

Objective To construct a carbon dioxide(CO2)laser-induced corneal injury model in mice and observe the process of corneal wound healing.Methods Twenty eyes of ten C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups.The cen-tral corneas in each group were irradiated by CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 μm,spot diameter of 2 mm and power of 0.94 W.The exposure doses were 3.0 J·cm-2,4.5 J·cm-2,7.5 J·cm-2 and 10.5 J·cm-2,with corresponding expo-sure durations of 0.10 s,0.15 s,0.25 s and 0.35 s.Corneal injury severity was assessed using a slit lamp microscope,opti-cal coherence tomography and histopathological evaluation at 1 day after the exposure to determine the proper exposure dose for constructing a corneal injury model.Subsequently,the corneal injury model was constructed and the same meth-ods were used to monitor wound healing before,and 0 hours to 6 months after the exposure.Results No obvious corne-al injury was observed at an exposure dose of 3.0 J·cm-2.At an exposure dose of 4.5 J·cm-2,an off-white injury area appeared on the central cornea with loss of epithelium and endothelium.At an exposure dose of 7.5 J·cm-2 or 10.5 J·cm-2,the injury area became porcelain white,the cornea was thickened,and the iris was seen adhering to the margin of the cornea.Therefore,4.5 J·cm-2 CO2 laser was selected to construct a corneal injury model.At this exposure dose,the cornea swelled and thickened rapidly after injury,reached the maximum thickness 1 day after the exposure,and then grad-ually recovered,returning to normal by 14 days after the exposure.In the early stage(0 hours to 3 days after the expo-sure),the cornea showed shedding of injured epithelium and endothelium,migration of new epithelium and endothelium,and infiltration and regression of inflammatory cells.At the late stage(7 days to 6 months after the exposure),the cornea gradually returned to a normal physiological state,but some of the injured cornea exhibited stromal hyperplasia.Conclu-sion A CO2 laser with an exposure dose of 4.5 J·cm-2 can be used to construct a corneal injury model in mice.The a-cute phase of corneal injury primarily occurs within 3 days after the exposure.The cornea tends to restore its original physi-ological structure,but the corneal transparency cannot return to a normal state.

As a generally-recognized-as-safe microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely studied chassis cell for the production of high-value or bulk chemicals in the field of synthetic biology. In recent years, a large number of synthesis pathways of chemicals have been established and optimized in S. cerevisiae by various metabolic engineering strategies, and the production of some chemicals have shown the potential of commercialization. As a eukaryote, S. cerevisiae has a complete inner membrane system and complex organelle compartments, and these compartments generally have higher concentrations of the precursor substrates (such as acetyl-CoA in mitochondria), or have sufficient enzymes, cofactors and energy which are required for the synthesis of some chemicals. These features may provide a more suitable physical and chemical environment for the biosynthesis of the targeted chemicals. However, the structural features of different organelles hinder the synthesis of specific chemicals. In order to ameliorate the efficiency of product biosynthesis, researchers have carried out a number of targeted modifications to the organelles grounded on an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of different organelles and the suitability of the production of target chemicals biosynthesis pathway to the organelles. In this review, the reconstruction and optimization of the biosynthesis pathways for production of chemicals by organelle mitochondria, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and vacuole compartmentalization in S. cerevisiae are reviewed in-depth. Current difficulties, challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism* ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism* ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Vacuoles/metabolism*

Objective:The two detection method for the detection of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in strawberries were optimized and compared to select the best detection method for the detection of hepatitis A virus in strawberries.Methods:Different concentrations of HAV were inoculated on the surface of known negative frozen strawberry specimens, the concentration of beef extract powder in alkaline elution-PEG concentration method was optimized, the optimal nucleic acid extraction kit was selected, the optimal lysis buffer volume in direct lysis method was optimized, and the recovered viral load was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. SPSS26.0 was used to statistically analyze the data, and the optimized two method were used for the detection of actual specimens.Results:The concentration of beef extract powder by the optimized alkaline elution-PEG concentration method was selected at 3%, and the viral nucleic acid extraction kit was selected as kit B. Six ml of lysis buffer was selected for the optimized direct lysis method. The recovery rates of HAV virus by alkaline elution-PEG concentration and direct lysis were compared with the HAV addition levels, and the HAV virus recovery rates of the two method were 21.50±1.06% and 5.82±0.01%, respectively, and the result showed that the differences were statistically significant. A total of 60 strawberry specimens from four regions were tested at the same time, and the result were all negative.Conclusions:The optimized alkaline elution-PEG concentration method has higher sensitivity and is more suitable for the detection of HAV in strawberry specimens.

Objective:To establish a digital droplet RT-PCR(dRT-PCR) method for Hepatitis A virus (HAV), and compare it with Real time RT-PCR(RT-qPCR) method, and select the best method for detecting hepatitis A virus in strawberry.Methods:Extract HAV vaccine RNA, optimize the reaction conditions of dRT-PCR and evaluate its specificity; Alkaline elution -PEG concentration method was used to extract nucleic acid from strawberry samples. At the same time, dRT-PCR and RT-qPCR method were used to detect the sensitivity and inhibition rate of HAV vaccine RNA in pure water and strawberry matrix, and the recovery rate of HAV in artificially contaminated strawberry was compared, which was applied to the detection of commercially available samples.Results:The optimal annealing temperature for dRT-PCR reaction was 60 ℃, and the optimal concentrations of primers and probes were 0.4 μmol/L、0.4 μmol/L and 0.2 μmol/L, with good specificity. There is no significant difference in sensitivity between the two method in detecting HAV vaccine RNA in pure water and strawberry matrix. The inhibition rate of dRT-PCR is low. The recovery rates of dRT-PCR and RT-qRCR in the detection of strawberry samples contaminated with HAV at higher concentrations were 12.90±0.006% and 30.12±0.02%, respectively. The recovery rates of lower concentrations of HAV contaminated strawberry samples were 18.27±0.07% and 10.85±0.03%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). When strawberry samples on the market were tested, the result of both method were negative. Conclusions:The sensitivity of dRT-PCR method established in this study is not significantly different from that of RT-qPCR in detecting HAV RNA in different substrates, but dRT-PCR has good tolerance to PCR reaction inhibitors and high recovery rate when detecting low concentration HAV. Both detection method can be used for quantitative detection of hepatitis A virus in strawberry, and can be selected according to the actual situation.