ObjectiveThis paper aims to systematically collect and organize ancient and modern clauses and studies containing Xieqingwan， excavate and analyze the key information of Xieqingwan， and provide a reference for facilitating the development of the classic formula Xieqingwan. MethodsThe composition， dosage， decocting methods， usage， and other key information of Xieqingwan in ancient traditional Chinese medicine books were collected and analyzed by means of literature research and metrological methods. The modern clinical application of Xieqingwan was summarized. ResultsA total of 42 pieces of effective data involving 32 ancient traditional Chinese medicine books were collected. Xieqingwan was first recorded in Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue. The drug origin of this formula is basically clear in the ancient traditional Chinese medicine books. The modern drug usage and decocting method were as follows： Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Gardenia seeds， Radix et Rhizoma Rhei， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， and Saposhnikoviae Radix were grounded to fine powder， decocted with honey， and finally formed into pills with the size of a chicken head （1.5 g）. It was suggested that half a pill or one pill were taken for one dose with warm Lophatheri decoction and sugar. The indications and clinical application had developed from the recordings in Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue and evolved from pediatrics to ophthalmic otolaryngology， neurology， dermatology， digestion， and respiratory diseases. The main pathogenesis of these diseases is heat in the liver meridian and is treated. The effect of Xieqingwan is "clearing away heat and toxicity， removing fire and relaxing the bowels， and dispersing swelling and relieving pain". It is recommended to use the corresponding preparation methods in the 2020 Edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Modern clinical studies are centered around the clinical application of Xieqingwan， which is often modified and used in treating Tourette syndrome， herpes， febrile convulsion， sleepwalking， and insomnia. ConclusionThis paper conducts a thorough textual research of the key information of Xieqingwan， induces its historic evolution， and confirms its key information， so as to provide a reference for the future development of Xieqingwan.

Objective:To summarize the clinical and related characteristics of hospitalized patients with pemphigus, and to analyze their correlations with systemic inflammatory and serological indicators.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data from pemphigus patients hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations between the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) scores and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) , pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) , serum albumin levels, anti-desmoglein 1/3 (Dsg-1/3) antibody levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of systemic inflammatory and serological indicators with the length of hospital stay and treatment costs. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of these indicators on the risk of infection in pemphigus patients.Results:A total of 235 pemphigus patients were included (112 males and 123 females) , with ages of 58.12 ± 16.47 years. Among them, 73 patients (31.06%) had pemphigus alone, while 162 (68.94%) had comorbidities including tumors, infections, or hypoalbuminemia. PDAI scores showed significantly positive correlations with SII, PIV, and CRP levels ( r = 0.62, 0.58, 0.50, respectively, all P<0.001) . According to PDAI scores, 164 cases (69.79%) were classified as mild pemphigus, 57 (24.26%) as moderate pemphigus, and 14 (5.96%) as severe pemphigus; compared with the patients with mild pemphigus, those with moderate-to-severe pemphigus had significantly increased SII, PIV, anti-Dsg-1 antibody and CRP levels, but significantly decreased serum albumin levels (all P < 0.05) . Among the 235 patients, 213 were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris, 9 with pemphigus erythematosus, 10 with pemphigus foliaceus, and 3 with paraneoplastic pemphigus; serum albumin levels and anti-Dsg-1/3 antibody levels differed significantly among patients with different subtypes of pemphigus (all P < 0.05) . The serum albumin level was significantly associated with the length of hospital stay and treatment costs ( β [95% CI]: -0.729 [-0.946 - -0.512], -0.266 [-0.362 - -0.171], respectively, both P < 0.001) ; furthermore, the serum albumin level was identified as a relevant factor for infections in pemphigus patients ( OR = 0.938, 95% CI: 0.883 - 0.995, P = 0.036) . Conclusion:SII, PIV, CRP, serum albumin, and anti-Dsg-1 antibody levels could reflect the severity of pemphigus to some extent, and the serum albumin level was significantly associated with comorbid infections, length of hospital stay, and treatment costs in hospitalized patients with pemphigus.

Objective:To summarize the clinical and related characteristics of hospitalized patients with pemphigus, and to analyze their correlations with systemic inflammatory and serological indicators.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data from pemphigus patients hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations between the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) scores and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) , pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) , serum albumin levels, anti-desmoglein 1/3 (Dsg-1/3) antibody levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of systemic inflammatory and serological indicators with the length of hospital stay and treatment costs. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of these indicators on the risk of infection in pemphigus patients.Results:A total of 235 pemphigus patients were included (112 males and 123 females) , with ages of 58.12 ± 16.47 years. Among them, 73 patients (31.06%) had pemphigus alone, while 162 (68.94%) had comorbidities including tumors, infections, or hypoalbuminemia. PDAI scores showed significantly positive correlations with SII, PIV, and CRP levels ( r = 0.62, 0.58, 0.50, respectively, all P<0.001) . According to PDAI scores, 164 cases (69.79%) were classified as mild pemphigus, 57 (24.26%) as moderate pemphigus, and 14 (5.96%) as severe pemphigus; compared with the patients with mild pemphigus, those with moderate-to-severe pemphigus had significantly increased SII, PIV, anti-Dsg-1 antibody and CRP levels, but significantly decreased serum albumin levels (all P < 0.05) . Among the 235 patients, 213 were diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris, 9 with pemphigus erythematosus, 10 with pemphigus foliaceus, and 3 with paraneoplastic pemphigus; serum albumin levels and anti-Dsg-1/3 antibody levels differed significantly among patients with different subtypes of pemphigus (all P < 0.05) . The serum albumin level was significantly associated with the length of hospital stay and treatment costs ( β [95% CI]: -0.729 [-0.946 - -0.512], -0.266 [-0.362 - -0.171], respectively, both P < 0.001) ; furthermore, the serum albumin level was identified as a relevant factor for infections in pemphigus patients ( OR = 0.938, 95% CI: 0.883 - 0.995, P = 0.036) . Conclusion:SII, PIV, CRP, serum albumin, and anti-Dsg-1 antibody levels could reflect the severity of pemphigus to some extent, and the serum albumin level was significantly associated with comorbid infections, length of hospital stay, and treatment costs in hospitalized patients with pemphigus.

Objective To analyze the association of postnatal weight gain proportion of very low birth weight (BW) preterm babies and the onset of severe retinopathy of prematurity,and investigate the optimal cut-off points and predictive ability of postnatal weight gain (WG) proportion for the onset of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods A retrospective cohort study.257 preterm infants underwent screening whose weight was less than 1500 g were enrolled in this study.Risk factors include BW,gestational age (GA),history of oxygen inhalation,need for blood transfusions,Apgar score in 1 to 10 minutes,embryo number,delivery mode,in vitro fertilization infants,and WG proportion within 6 weeks after birth and other systemic diseases were recorded.Their correlation with severe ROP is analyzed.Clinical outcomes were divided into severe ROP group (patients who suffered from ROP and required treatment) and mild and no ROP group (patients who suffered from ROP but do not require treatment and-patient without ROP).The severe ROP group included 18 patients and mild and no ROP group included 239 patients.Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine if the WG proportion was independently related to severe ROP development and if it was capable of predicting severe ROP.This study determines the predict value by comparing the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of independent risk factors.Results GA (t=-4.835,P＜0.001),BW(t=-5.192,P＜0.001),history of oxygen inhalation (x2=6.001,P=0.009),proportion of infants who had oxygen inhalation for more than 10 days(x2 =10.019,P=0.002),postnatal WG proportion at 1 week(t =-3.663,P＜ 0.001),postnatal WG proportion at 2 weeks(t=-3.425,P=0.001) had significant difference between two groups.Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that GA (β =-0.858,P =0.008),BW (β =-0.005,P =0.010),postnatal WG proportion at 2 weeks (β=-8.745,P =0.035) were correlated to severe ROP significantly.And their area under the ROC were 0.836[95％ confidence interval (CI):0.752-0.920],0.826 (95％CI:0.947-0.903),0.744 (95％CI:0.598-0.891) respectively.The optimal cut-off points of GA,BW,and postnatal WG proportion at 2 weeks were 28.41 weeks,1241.96 g,12.80％ respectively.Conclusion Low WG proportion at 2 weeks of very low BW preterm babies is an important and independent risk factor for severe ROP and has certain predictive value of the onset of severe ROP.