Salivary gland tumor is one of the most common tumors in oral and maxillofacial regions. The diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland tumors had been a clinical characteristic project in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology since long time ago. Here we introduced the research progress in diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland tumors during the past 10 years. Among 7 190 cases of salivary gland tumors treated in this institution, 4 654 cases (64.7%) were benign, and 2 536 (35.3%) were malignant, with benign ∶ malignant ratio of 1.84 ∶ 1. Parotid was the most common location, followed by minor salivary gland and submandibular gland, while sublingular gland tumor was seldom seen. The proportion of minor salivary gland tumor was relatively high. Among 1 874 cases with primary malignant tumors, the cases with T3 and stage Ⅲ accounted for only 9.6% and 10.3%, respectively, which indicated that there was shortcoming in the T classification and clinical stage formulated by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), and further revision was required. The 5, 10, and 15 year survival rates of 1 637 cases with postoperative follow-up were 93.1%, 87.2% and 79.3%, respectively, which were much higher than those we reported 30 years ago. The improvement of treatment results was related to more widely used combined treatment with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, and the increase in patients with early stage. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the malignant tumor with high rate of distant metastasis. The 5 and 10 year survival rates of the patients with pulmonary metastasis were 76.2% and 51.8%, respectively, which indicated that the pulmonary metastatic carcinomas developed slowly. Recurrent rate of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was 46.7% after single treatment of sur-gery, while it decreased to 27.5% after combined theraphy with surgery and radiotherapy, indicating that postoperative radiotheraphy could reduce the recurrent rate effectively. The normal myoepithelial cells had the inhibiting role in the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. The evaluation of integrity of myoepithelial cells surrounding the tumor mass is helpful to understand the invasiveness of the tumors. The new surgical modalities such as extracapsular resection and partial sialoadenectomy were used in treatment of benign tumors of parotid gland and submandibular gland with advantages of decreased tissue damage and preservation of glandular function. Application of digital surgical techniques such as mixed reality combined with surgical navigation and real-time three-dimensional holograms in the surgical treatment of parotid gland tumors showed the benifits of more safety and precision, and less tissue da-mage.
Humans ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/therapy* ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic/therapy* ; Neoplasm Staging

The elevated polyamines, amine-rich molecules with diverse functions in pathophysiology processes, are implicated in contributing to tumorigenesis and progression. Whether and how they affect the efficacy of chemotherapy is incompletely understood. Our screening assays reveal that the supplement with a low dose of spermidine (Spd), one of the polyamines, enhances ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and intracellular Fe²⁺ levels in vitro. Combination treatment with Spd and a low dose of ferroptosis inducer erastin synergistically augments anti-tumor efficacy with undetectable toxicity in mice. Analysis of RNA-seq data indicates that heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of heme to release Fe²⁺, is significantly upregulated in response to Spd and erastin cotreatment. Spd mediated the hypusine modification of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (EIF5A) promotes the translation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), subsequently leading to elevation of HMOX1. Moreover, Spd and erastin significantly inhibit proteasome activity which results in a decrease in proteasomal degradation of NRF2, although many proteasome-related genes are induced either by Spd or Spd plus erastin. Thus, in addition to its pro-oncogenic activity, the supplement of Spd improves antitumor activity in combination with ferroptosis inducers and offers an optional approach to cancer treatment.

Objectives:To discuss the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on the replication of rotavirus(RV)strain SA11 in vivo and in vitro,and to clarify its effect on the expression of related immune factors.Methods:For in vitro experiments,Lactobacillus reuteri was cultured and identified,and the standard curve and growth curve were plotted to screen the optimal time and concentration for Lactobacillus reuteri cultivation.The cells were infected with Lactobacillus reuteri at the concentrations of 5×108,10×108,50×108,100×108,200×108,and 500×108 CFU·mL-1,and the surival rates of Caco-2 cells were detected by trypan blue staining method.Various concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri were co-incubated with RV in vitro and applied to the Caco-2 cells.The cells were divided into negative control group(NC group),positive control group(PC group),and 107,108,109,and 1010 CFU·mL-1 Lactobacillus reuteri groups.Immunofluorescence focus method was used to detect the viral titers in the Caco-2 cells after treated with Lactobacillus reuteri and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the copy numbers of RV VP6 gene in the Caco-2 cells after treated with various concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri.In in vivo experiments,25 litters of SPF suckling mice were divided into control group,RV group(infected with SA11 strain),Ab-NC group(treated with antibiotic to deplete gut microbiota),Ab-RV group(depleting gut microbiota and then infected with SA11 strain),and Ab-Lac-RV group(depleting gut microbiota,treated with Lactobacillus reuteri,and then infected with SA11 strain).The fecal samples were collected on days 2,4,6,8,and 10 gavage,colon tissue sample were collected on day 4 of and RT-qPCR method was used to detect the copy numbers of RV VP6 gene in feces and the mRNA expression levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-8,IL-10,interferon-γ(IFN-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in colon tissue of the suckling mice in vartious groups.Results:The Lactobacillus reuteri grew well,with round,smooth,and milky white convex colonies and neat edges.After Gram staining,the bacteria appeared purple,irregular,and square-shaped rods.16SrDNA sequencing showed 99%sequence homology,indicating successful activation of Lactobacillus reuteri.The number of live Lactobacillus reuteri was linearly related to the absorbance(A)value,and the standard curve for regression analysis was Y=0.437 5X+0.000 6,R2=0.999 4.During the 0-2 h cultivation period,the bacteria were at the logarithmic growth phase with slow growth;from 2-14 h,the bacteria grew rapidly and stabilized at 14-16 h,reaching the growth rate peak at 16 h,after which they entered the decline phase.Infection with Lactobacillus reuteri at concentrations of 5×108,10×108,50×108,100×108,and 200×108 CFU·mL-1 resulted in the survival rates of Caco-2 cells were all>90%,so these concentrations were selected for the further experiments.Compared with PC group,the copy numbers of RV VP6 gene in the Caco-2 cells in 5×108,10×108,50×108,100×108,and 200×108 CFU·mL-1 Lactobacillus reuteri groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with PC group,the viral titers in the Caco-2 cells in 107,108,109,and 1010 CFU·mL-1 Lactobacillus reuteri groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the numbers of gut microbiota colonies in Ab-NC,Ab-RV,and Ab-Lac-RV groups were significantly decreased,indicating successful depletion of gut microbiota in the suckling mice.On days 2 and 4 after gavage,the RV VP6 gene copy number in the feces in Ab-RV group was significantly lower than that in RV group(P<0.05).On days 4,6,8,and 10 after gavage,the RV VP6 gene copy number in the feces in Ab-Lac-RV group was significantly lower than that in Ab-RV group(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-10,IFN-γ,and TNF-α mRNA in colon tissue in Ab-RV and Ab-Lac-RV groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the expression level of IL-8 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression level of IL-10 mRNA in colon tissue in Ab-LAC-RV group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Lactobacillus reuteri may inhibit the RV replication by upregulating the expressions of IL-1β,IL-10,IFN-γ,and TNF-α mRNA and downregulating the expression of IL-8 mRNA.

Objective To explore the morphological characteristics of overlapping bloodstains and judge the deposition sequence of bloodstain patterns.Methods The overlapping bloodstains formed by drip stains and bloody shoe prints were simulated on ceramic tiles,and the morphological characteristic differences of 6 group overlapping bloodstain patterns were analyzed to screen effective indicative characteristics.A survey was held to measure the accuracy of the participants in judging the blood deposition sequence without and with information about the morphological characteristic guidance.Results After participants mastered morphological characteristics,the accuracy of judging deposition sequence increased from 59.5%to 89.0%,and the accuracy of judging dry and wet conditions of the primary bloodstains increased from 45.6%to 65.3%.Conclusion According to the morphological characteristics of bloodstains,not only the deposition sequence of bloodstains can be effectively judged,but also the dry and wet conditions of bloodstains can be judged,so as to infer the time interval of bloodstains deposition,which can provide technical support for the analysis and reconstruction of crime scene.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and its relationship with hyperuricemia(HUA) in perimenopausal women in Anning city, Yunnan province.Methods:This is a cross-sectional survey. In May 2021, a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to collect demographics and clinical data [ethnicity, living community, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides(TG), serum uric acid, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), alanine transaminase(ALT), etc] in a total of 6 721 perimenopausal women aged 45-60 years.Results:A total of 6 721 perimenopausal women were included in this study. The prevalences of MS and HUA were 14.05%(95% CI 13.22%-14.88%) and 6.46%(95% CI 5.88%-7.07%), respectively. The average age, HDL-C, urea, direct bilirubin, and albumin levels in the perimenstrual HUA population were lower than those in the non-HUA population while the levels of TG, ALT, heart rate, body mass index(BMI), and creatinine were higher(all P<0.05). The prevalence of HUA in perimenopausal women with ethnic minorities and family history of chronic diseases was higher than that in Han nationality and without family history of chronic diseases. The prevalence of MS in perimenopausal women was increased with the increase of serum uric acid( Z=-15.313 8, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that HUA was positively correlated with MS( OR=1.526, 95% CI 1.192-1.954) after adjusting for covariates such as BMI and ethnicity, and the incidence of MS in perimenopausal women in HUA group was 1.526 folds higher than that in non-hyperuricemia group. Conclusion:HUA is highly positively correlated with MS in perimenopausal women. The management of uric acid level in perimenopausal women should be strengthened.

Objective : To screen the RNA binding proteins interacting with NBV nonstructural protein σNS in host cells and to analyze their bioinformatics functions. Methods : In this study , the eukaryotic expression vector pEF⁃HA⁃MB⁃S3 of NBV σ NS was constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells after verification. After RNase A treatment , the obtained protein lysate was enriched by immunoprecipitation to enrich σNS binding proteins , identified and analyzed by LC⁃MS/MS mass spectrometry , and the properties and specific functions of proteins were discovered with the help of related Bioinformatics tools. Results : In this study , 32 candidate RNA binding proteins interacting with NBV σNS proteins were successfully screened , and the results of bioanalysis showed that these proteins were mainly located in cytoplasm and nucleus , and were mainly involved in biological processes such as cell metabolism , biological regulation , virus translation and transcription. Conclusion This study preliminarily analyzes the function of RNA binding proteins interacting with NBV σNS , which lays a foundation for further study on the mechanism of σNS protein in NBV life cycle.

（正）Luketich 等[1]2000 年首次报道了胸腹腔镜联合食管癌微创手术（minimally invasive esophagectomy， MIE）病例。随着近 10 多年的发展，食管癌微创外科已经进入一个技术成熟的阶段，能使广大食管癌患者受益。2009 年美国国立综合癌症网络（NCCN）临床指南[2]已将 MIE 列为标准食管癌术式之一。

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether MRI fusion technology (combined T2-weighted imaging [T2WI] and fat-suppressed T2WI [T2WI-(FS)]) improves signal differences between anal fistulas and surrounding structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 patients with confirmed diagnoses of anal fistula were retrospectively studied. All available T2WI and T2WI-(FS) images for each patient were used to generate fusion image (T2WI-(Fusion)) based on the addition of gray values obtained from each pixel via an MR post-processing work station. The discriminability of fistula, perianal sphincter, and perianal fat in T2WI, T2WI-(FS), and T2WI-(Fusion) images was quantified with Fisher's scoring algorithm. For subjective visual image assessment by researchers, five-point scale scores were determined using a modified double-stimulus continuous quality-scale test to evaluate T2WI-(FS), T2WI, enhanced axial three-dimensional-volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (3D-VIBE), and T2WI-(Fusion) sequence images. The differences were subsequently compared. RESULTS: Mean Fisher scores for fistulas vs. sphincters obtained from T2WI-(Fusion) (F(Fusion-fistula) = 6.56) were significantly higher than those from T2WI (F(T2WI-fistula) = 3.35) (p = 0.001). Mean Fisher scores for sphincters vs. fat from T2WI-(Fusion) (F(Fusion-sphincter) = 10.84) were significantly higher than those from T2WI-(FS) (FS(FS-sphincter) = 2.57) (p = 0.001). In human assessment, T2WI-(Fusion) showed the same fistula discriminability as T2WI-(FS), and better sphincter discriminability than T2WI. Overall, T2WI-(Fusion) showed better discriminability than T2WI, T2WI-(FS), and enhanced 3D-VIBE images. CONCLUSION: T2WI and T2WI-(FS) fusion technology improves signal differences between anal fistulas and surrounding structures, and may facilitate better evaluation of anal fistulas and sphincters.
Anal Canal ; Diagnosis ; Fistula ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rectal Fistula ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the clinical features and risk factors of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in patients after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods Two hundred and seventy-six patients with mTBI,admitted to our hospital from December 2016 to June 2018,were chosen in our study;114 patients (41.30％) developed PCS.The epidemiological data,causes and sites of brain injury,clinical symptoms,and duration and time of PCS occurrence were investigated.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of PCS in patients with mTBI.Results The most common syndromes of PCS were headache (89.13％),amnesia (63.77％),dizziness (63.04％) and nausea (57.61％).The incidence rate of PCS was 51.75％ in the first month of injury and decreased with time.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that student (P=0.041,OR=0.36,95％ CI:0.14-0.95),electric bicycle accidents (P=0.043,OR=0.54,95％CI:0.30-0.98),and occipital injury (P=0.022,OR=0.28,95％CI:0.09-0.83) were independent risk factors of PCS of mTBI patients.Conclusion Patients with mTBI,especially those who are students,victims of electric bicycle accidents and victims of occipital injury,should be highly alert to the occurrence of PCS,and need reasonable rest,symptomatic treatments and memory training or other rehabilitation treatments within one month of injury,in order to prevent the development of PCS.

A simple, reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC-ID/MS) was developed and validated for quantification of olanzapine in human plasma. Plasma samples (50 microL) were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether and isotope-labeled internal standard (olanzapine-D3) was used. The chromatographic separation was performed on XBridge Shield RP 18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm, Waters). An isocratic program was used at a flow rate of 0.4 m x min(-1) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium buffer (pH 8). The protonated ions of analytes were detected in positive ionization by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. The plasma method, with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.1 ng x mL(-1), demonstrated good linearity over a range of 0.1 - 30 ng x mL(-1) of olanzapine. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were evaluated during method validation. The validated method was successfully applied to analyzing human plasma samples in bioavailability study.