Aging has emerged as a cutting edge and hotspot in global life science field， with anti-aging and geriatric disease prevention and treatment becoming critical issues urgently demanding solutions in international medical communities. In the face of the challenge of accelerating global population aging， in-depth exploration of aging mechanisms and the development of effective intervention strategies hold significant scientific and clinical value. This study supported by the national key research and development program of China， employed the essence-Qi-spirit theory of Qiluo doctrine as its guiding framework， focusing on the key scientific issue of the core traditional Chinese pathogenesis of aging， namely "depletion of kidney essence， deficiency of primordial Qi， and impairment of body and spirit". The treatment principle of "tonifying the kidney to replenish essence， harmonizing Yin and Yang， warming and invigorating primordial Qi， and nourishing the body and spirit" was established. Centered on holistic aging， systemic aging， and aging-related diseases， the research integrated multidisciplinary research approaches to construct multi-modal aging models and a multi-dimensional evaluation system， and it utilized multi-omics technologies to deeply analyze aging mechanisms. By systematically reviewing historical kidney-tonifying and anti-aging formulas and combining big data with artificial intelligence technologies， an information database of anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine substance was developed to reveal the differences and synergistic effects of various treatment methods and formulas on anti-aging. Based on this treatment method， the research integrated two millennia of kidney-tonifying medicinal experience to develop the innovative anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine， namely Bazhi Bushen capsules. It was validated that this capsule can delay holistic and systemic aging through multiple targets and mechanisms， thereby elucidating the scientific connotation of the essence-Qi-spirit theory of Qiluo doctrine in guiding anti-aging research from multiple dimensions and providing robust support for leveraging the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine to occupy the commanding heights of international anti-aging research.

Liver transplantation is a crucial treatment for end-stage liver disease,yet its complexity continues to limit clinical application.With the development of the internet and big data,artificial intelligence(AI)technologies have gradually expanded their use in liver transplantation surgery,covering donor liver evaluation,organ allocation,robot-assisted surgery,and postoperative management,demonstrating significant advantages.However,the application of AI also raises a series of ethical issues,notably fairness in resource allocation,conflicts between technical limitations and the principle of non-maleficence,ambiguous responsibility attribution,patient privacy security,and informed consent.This article systematically reviews the current applications of AI in liver transplantation surgery and the related ethical challenges,aiming to provide a reference for its rational use and sustainable development.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) combined with capsular tension rings (CTR) in the treatment of high myopia complicated by corneal astigmatism and cataract and its effects on visual acuity.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 80 eyes of 80 patients with high myopia complicated by corneal astigmatism and cataract who received treatment at Baoji People's Hospital from December 2021 to December 2023. Based on the treatment methods, the patients were divided into two groups. The study group was treated with toric IOL combined with CTR, while the control group was treated with toric IOL only. The best corrected visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, visual quality, the degree of intraocular lens rotation, and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups before and after surgery.Results:After surgery, the best corrected visual acuity and corneal astigmatism in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group [(0.18 ± 0.24) LogMAR vs. (0.23 ± 0.16) LogMAR, t = 4.05, P < 0.001; (0.73 ± 0.22) D vs. (0.45 ± 0.26) D, t = 6.79, P = 0.001]. At 1 month post-surgery, the visual quality scores in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 5.36, 6.35, 7.14, 4.25, all P < 0.05). At 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, the degrees of intraocular lens rotation in the study group were less than those in the control group ( t = 5.59, 2.70, 4.22, 6.10, all P < 0.05). At 6 months post-surgery, the incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group [20.00% (8/40) vs. 45.00% (18/40), χ2 = 5.70, P = 0.017]. Conclusions:Toric IOL combined with CTR treatment can effectively improve the visual function in patients with high myopia complicated by corneal astigmatism and cataract. This approach reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and minimizes astigmatism, proving to be both safe and effective.

Objective:To identify and summarize the best evidence for pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) in preventing pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) during pregnancy.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in databases including UpToData, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Yiigle, and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Healthcare Center Database and so on. The search spanned from January 1, 2018, to March 16, 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of clinical decision-making articles, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, while four researchers appraised the quality of guidelines. Evidence extraction and grading were performed independently by two researchers.Results:A total of nine documents were included: three guidelines, two clinical decision-making articles, one expert consensus, and three systematic reviews. A total of 20 evidence-based recommendations were summarized in six categories: indications and contraindications, assessment, implementation plans, supervision and follow-up, management, and outcome evaluation.Conclusions:PFME during pregnancy is effective in preventing PFD. Healthcare providers should integrate best evidence into clinical practice to develop tailored PFME plans for pregnant women, aiming to prevent PFD.

Liver transplantation is a crucial treatment for end-stage liver disease,yet its complexity continues to limit clinical application.With the development of the internet and big data,artificial intelligence(AI)technologies have gradually expanded their use in liver transplantation surgery,covering donor liver evaluation,organ allocation,robot-assisted surgery,and postoperative management,demonstrating significant advantages.However,the application of AI also raises a series of ethical issues,notably fairness in resource allocation,conflicts between technical limitations and the principle of non-maleficence,ambiguous responsibility attribution,patient privacy security,and informed consent.This article systematically reviews the current applications of AI in liver transplantation surgery and the related ethical challenges,aiming to provide a reference for its rational use and sustainable development.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) combined with capsular tension rings (CTR) in the treatment of high myopia complicated by corneal astigmatism and cataract and its effects on visual acuity.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 80 eyes of 80 patients with high myopia complicated by corneal astigmatism and cataract who received treatment at Baoji People's Hospital from December 2021 to December 2023. Based on the treatment methods, the patients were divided into two groups. The study group was treated with toric IOL combined with CTR, while the control group was treated with toric IOL only. The best corrected visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, visual quality, the degree of intraocular lens rotation, and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups before and after surgery.Results:After surgery, the best corrected visual acuity and corneal astigmatism in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group [(0.18 ± 0.24) LogMAR vs. (0.23 ± 0.16) LogMAR, t = 4.05, P < 0.001; (0.73 ± 0.22) D vs. (0.45 ± 0.26) D, t = 6.79, P = 0.001]. At 1 month post-surgery, the visual quality scores in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 5.36, 6.35, 7.14, 4.25, all P < 0.05). At 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, the degrees of intraocular lens rotation in the study group were less than those in the control group ( t = 5.59, 2.70, 4.22, 6.10, all P < 0.05). At 6 months post-surgery, the incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group [20.00% (8/40) vs. 45.00% (18/40), χ2 = 5.70, P = 0.017]. Conclusions:Toric IOL combined with CTR treatment can effectively improve the visual function in patients with high myopia complicated by corneal astigmatism and cataract. This approach reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and minimizes astigmatism, proving to be both safe and effective.

Objective:To identify and summarize the best evidence for pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) in preventing pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) during pregnancy.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in databases including UpToData, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Yiigle, and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Healthcare Center Database and so on. The search spanned from January 1, 2018, to March 16, 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of clinical decision-making articles, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, while four researchers appraised the quality of guidelines. Evidence extraction and grading were performed independently by two researchers.Results:A total of nine documents were included: three guidelines, two clinical decision-making articles, one expert consensus, and three systematic reviews. A total of 20 evidence-based recommendations were summarized in six categories: indications and contraindications, assessment, implementation plans, supervision and follow-up, management, and outcome evaluation.Conclusions:PFME during pregnancy is effective in preventing PFD. Healthcare providers should integrate best evidence into clinical practice to develop tailored PFME plans for pregnant women, aiming to prevent PFD.

Objective:To elucidate the primary elements pertaining to the perception of relapse risk and to in-vestigate the characteristics and alterations of perception of the risk of recurrence in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:By using the method of phenomenological study,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among schizophrenic patients with first onset,first recurrence and multiple recurrences.Twenty-three 23 outpatient and inpatient cases that met the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)were included,and all patients had PANSS scores below 60.The interview data were collated and analyzed according to Colaizzi analysis.Results:The perception of recurrence risk in patients with schizophrenia en-compassed 4 major themes and 11 sub-themes,namely susceptibility(limited overall understanding,transition from optimism to objectivity),detection of early warning symptoms(dynamic escalation,assistance from family mem-bers in identification),understanding risk factors(lack of understanding,the relationship between psychosocial fac-tors and relapse,dynamic understanding of medication-relapse relationship),and apprehension of the consequences of recurrence(care burden and financial constraints,impaired social functioning and maladjustment,impact on pub-lic safety,personal health risks).Conclusion:The content of risk perception of recurrence in patients with schizo-phrenia is relatively substantial.The overall level of risk perception of recurrence in patients with schizophrenia is low.

In this study, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods used to identify Bifidobacterium animalis, such as long time, complicated operation and low adaptability of experimental environment, specific primer probes were designed based on ERIC-PCR technology to identify and detect B.animalis.Based on the genomic DNA of B.animalis HP-B1124, the ERIC-PCR reaction conditions of B.animalis HP-B1124 were optimized, and the ERIC-PCR fragments were obtained one by one and sequenced.Two pairs of specific primer probes were designed.The accuracy, specificity, limitation and universality of the two pairs of primer probes were evaluated, and the two pairs of specific primer probes were used for testing the products containing B.animalis in the commercially published formula.The two pairs of specific primer probes designed in this study could be used for identified strains of B.animalis more simply, quickly and targeted.This method has optimized the current relatively traditional methods of pure culture and plate counting identification of B.animalis, and has solved the high requirements of SNP genotyping technology and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for experimental equipment and reagents in the identification of B.animalis to a certain extent.It has the characteristics of low cost, high specificity and earn a broad market development prospect.

Aging, a complex and multisystem process, has increasingly become a hot issue of global concern. Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated rich understanding of aging during thousands of years of development, which provides valuable references for the in-depth study of overall aging. According to the Qi-collateral theory in traditional Chinese medicine, essence is the origin of life; Qi is the driving force of life; and spirit is the embodiment of life. This theory interprets key scientific issues such as the formation of life, the driving force of life, the function of Zang-Fu organs, and the spirit and consciousness. Furthermore, it reveals the key mechanism of aging. That is, the deficiency of kidney essence is the root of aging; the loss of vitality is the key of aging; and the depletion of body and spirit is the manifestation of aging. Based on the experience of medical practitioners in the past dynasties, such as nourishing essence, black food tonifying the kidney, and supplementing essence with flesh-blood products, the treatment method of invigorating kidney and supplementing essence, harmonizing Yin and Yang, reinforcing the vitality, and nourishing the body and spirit was proposed. Furthermore, an innovative Chinese patent medicine, Bazi Bushen capsules, is developed, which exerts the antiaging effect by replenishing Qi, invigorating the spirit, and nourishing the body and spirit. Pharmacological and clinical studies have confirmed that this preparation has antiaging effects and are effective in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Experimental studies have shown that Bazi Bushen capsules can delay the overall aging, reduce the DNA methylation and extend the healthy life of naturally aging mice, mitigate the age-related cognitive dysfunction, improve neurological function, maintain redox homeostasis and telomere integrity, and inhibit apoptosis. Moreover, Bazi Bushen capsules can increase the dermal thickness and the collagen fiber and elastic fiber content to prevent skin aging. In addition, Bazi Bushen capsules can correct the lipid metabolism disorders and ameliorate multisystem age-related diseases such as osteoporosis in surgically induced menopausal rats. This article discusses the pathogenesis, treatment, and prescription of aging and the antiaging theory, aiming to provide a basis for delaying aging and preventing related diseases.