Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, with few effective treatments currently available. The multifactorial nature of AD, shaped by genetic, environmental, and biological factors, complicates both research and clinical management. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-omics technologies provide new opportunities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of AD and identify early biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. AI-driven approaches such as machine learning, deep learning, and network-based models have enabled the integration of large-scale genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiomic datasets. These efforts have facilitated the discovery of novel molecular signatures and therapeutic targets. Methods including deep belief networks and joint deep semi-non-negative matrix factorization have contributed to improvements in disease classification and patient stratification. However, ongoing challenges remain. These include data heterogeneity, limited interpretability of complex models, a lack of large and diverse datasets, and insufficient clinical validation. The absence of standardized multi-omics data processing methods further restricts progress. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in AI-driven multi-omics research in AD, highlighting achievements in early diagnosis and biomarker discovery while discussing limitations and future directions needed to advance these approaches toward clinical application.

With the concurrent development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and metabolomics in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure， techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance， mass spectrometry， chromatography， metabolic flux analysis， and bioinformatics enable the qualitative or quantitative analysis of endogenous small molecule metabolites in animal models of liver failure and patients with liver failure. These methods help identify specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and clinical intervention. This article reviews recent advancements in metabolomics for the early diagnosis of liver failure， biomarker discovery， identification of TCM syndromes， and the application of TCM in treating liver failure， aiming to provide a basis for TCM-based diagnosis and treatment of liver failure.

Objective By exploring changes of six degrees of freedom(6DOF)kinematics of the knee joint during extra weight bearing of the body trunk,the influence of extra weight on knee joint movement patterns was studied.Methods A total of 24 healthy subjects were recruited to walk/run on a treadmill at four speeds under two states:self-weight and wearing a 16 kg vest,and gait analysis was conducted.A three-dimensional(3D)portable knee kinematics analysis system based on infrared stereophotography was used to capture 6DOF movement trajectory data of the tibia relative to the femur.Results Compared to the self-weight state,when additional trunk weight was added,the knee external rotation angle was reduced at 3.6 km/h speed(1.4°-2.1°)and 5.4 km/h speed(2.2°-2.7°);the knee internal rotation angle was reduced at 10.8 km/h speed(2.1°-4.2°);the knee flexion angles was increased significantly at the speed of 3.6 km/h(1.5°-1.8°),9 km/h(1.6°-3.3°)和 10.8 km/h(1.9°-3.1°);the knee adduction angle increased at 5.4 km/h speed(0.5°-0.6°),and decreased at 10.8 km/h speed(0.9°-1.3°).At 10.8 km/h speed,the distal knee displacement(0.2-0.4 mm)was increased,and the lateral knee displacement(0.1-0.2 mm),and anterior knee displacement(0.2-0.3 mm)were significantly reduced.Conclusions The 6DOF kinematics of human knee is significantly affected by the extra trunk weight.Performance is also different at lower and higher speeds.It is suggested that there may exist a hidden injury in military training,and this study provides a kinematic basis for the occurrence of sports injury.

Objective By exploring changes of six degrees of freedom(6DOF)kinematics of the knee joint during extra weight bearing of the body trunk,the influence of extra weight on knee joint movement patterns was studied.Methods A total of 24 healthy subjects were recruited to walk/run on a treadmill at four speeds under two states:self-weight and wearing a 16 kg vest,and gait analysis was conducted.A three-dimensional(3D)portable knee kinematics analysis system based on infrared stereophotography was used to capture 6DOF movement trajectory data of the tibia relative to the femur.Results Compared to the self-weight state,when additional trunk weight was added,the knee external rotation angle was reduced at 3.6 km/h speed(1.4°-2.1°)and 5.4 km/h speed(2.2°-2.7°);the knee internal rotation angle was reduced at 10.8 km/h speed(2.1°-4.2°);the knee flexion angles was increased significantly at the speed of 3.6 km/h(1.5°-1.8°),9 km/h(1.6°-3.3°)和 10.8 km/h(1.9°-3.1°);the knee adduction angle increased at 5.4 km/h speed(0.5°-0.6°),and decreased at 10.8 km/h speed(0.9°-1.3°).At 10.8 km/h speed,the distal knee displacement(0.2-0.4 mm)was increased,and the lateral knee displacement(0.1-0.2 mm),and anterior knee displacement(0.2-0.3 mm)were significantly reduced.Conclusions The 6DOF kinematics of human knee is significantly affected by the extra trunk weight.Performance is also different at lower and higher speeds.It is suggested that there may exist a hidden injury in military training,and this study provides a kinematic basis for the occurrence of sports injury.

Bioluminescence is a widespread phenomenon in nature, and luminescent organisms can be found both on land and in the ocean. Among them, luciferase based bioluminescence systems have been widely studied, inspiring the exploration of genetic and epigenetic aspects and the development of a series of related assays for in vivo and in vitro studies. This paper summarizes the recent developments of luciferase based bioluminescence assays in terms of bioluminescence systems, types of luciferases, and the development and application of luciferase bioluminescence assays.

Objective:To discuss the protective effect of Syringin (SYR) on myotube cell atrophy induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its molecular mechanism.Methods:After C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes, they were divided into normal control group, model group and syringin group according to the random number table method. The cultured medium of model group and syringin group were added with LPS with a concentration of 200 ng/ml; the cultured medium of the syringin group was also added with 10 μmol/L syringin for 24 h. CCK8 was used to detect cell viability. In cell supernatant, NO release was detected with Griess and TNF-α level was detected by ELISA kit. The expression of NF-κB, PPAR γ1, MyHC were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the viability of cells [(101.08±8.92)%, (79.53±5.19)% vs. (69.07±7.16)%] in the 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L syringin groups were significantly increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.01), of which 10 μmol/L syringin had better effect. Compared with the model group, the level of NO [(2.92±0.33) μmol/L vs. (3.57±0.41) μmol/L] in the syringin group was significantly decreased after 6 hours of intervention ( P<0.01), and the cells in the syringin group after 24 hours of intervention, the level of TNF-α [(2.73±0.29) pg/ml vs. (4.15±0.29) pg/ml] was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the protein expression of cellular NF-κB (0.95±0.24 vs. 1.16±0.28) was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the protein expression of MyHC (0.79±0.15 vs. 0.70±0.16) was increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SYR could inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS, promote the activity of myotubes, and antagonize the damage of LPS to myotube cells.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be expanded in vitro in different culture conditions, resulting in a spectrum of cell states with distinct properties. Understanding how PSCs transition from one state to another, ultimately leading to lineage-specific differentiation, is important for devel-opmental biology and regenerative medicine. Although there is significant information regarding gene expression changes controlling these transitions, less is known about post-translational modifi-cations of proteins. Protein crotonylation is a newly discovered post-translational modification where lysine residues are modified with a crotonyl group. Here, we employed affinity purification of crotonylated peptides and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to systematically profile protein crotonylation in mouse PSCs in different states includ-ing ground, metastable, and primed states, as well as metastable PSCs undergoing early pluripotency exit. We successfully identified 3628 high-confidence crotonylated sites in 1426 proteins. These crotonylated proteins are enriched for factors involved in functions/processes related to pluripotency such as RNA biogenesis, central carbon metabolism, and proteasome function. Moreover, we found that increasing the cellular levels of crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA) through crotonic acid treatment promotes proteasome activity in metastable PSCs and delays their differentiation, consis-tent with previous observations showing that enhanced proteasome activity helps to sustain pluripo-tency. Our atlas of protein crotonylation will be valuable for further studies of pluripotency regulation and may also provide insights into the role of metabolism in other cell fate transitions.

Objective To explore the effect of roxithromycin on airway inflammation of smoking asthma though re-searching its effect on expressions of histone deacetylase-2(HDAC2)of cigarette smoking asthma mice. Methods Forty female SPF BALB/c mice were divided randomly into 4 groupscontrol group(C),asthma group(A),smoking asthma group(S)and Roxithromycin group(R). Established asthmatic and smoking asthma models with challenge of OVA and intervention with Roxithromycin. The change of pathematology in different groups were observed. The different cells counts of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) were analyzed. The level of HDAC2 in lung homogenate were measured by Western blot. Results The ratios of eosinophil (EOS) to the total cell numbers of BALF in group A and group S were significantly higher than that in group C (both P<0.01), while in group S the ratio of neutrophile (NEU) was higher than the group A (P<0.01). The ratios of EOS and NEU in group R was significantly decreased than these in group S(P<0.01). Western blot showed expressions of HDAC2 in group A and group S were significantly decreased than that in group C(both P<0.01),while the HDAC2 level of group S was lower than that of group A(P<0.01). The HDAC2 level of group R was higher than group S(P<0.01). Conclusion Roxithromycin can decrease the airway inflammation of cigarette smoking asthma mice via increasing the expression of HDAC2.

Objective To study the biosynthesis of the second metabolites in Aquilaria sinensis.Methods Chromones of agarwood were elicited by tissue culture and the inducer contents were determined by HPLC.Results 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromones could be elicited in excised lateral roots suspension culture of A.sinensis.Conclusion Fungal extracts of Menanotus flavolives could induce the production of characteristic components of agarwood in A.sinensis.