OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and cognitive function. METHODS: A cross-sectional study method was conducted. People aged ≥ 60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) databases from 1999 to 2002 and 2011 to 2014 were included as study subjects. The participants were divided into three groups based on their GNRI scores: a medium-high risk group (82 ≤ GNRI < 92), a low risk group (92 ≤ GNRI < 98), and a no-risk group (GNRI ≥ 98). Demographic characteristics (gender, age, race, education), chronic diseases [chronic bronchitis, emphysema, thyroid problems, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and depression score on the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)], lifestyle habits (history of smoking, hours of sleep), etc., were collected. Cognitive function was assessed using the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease word learning subtest (CERAD-WL), animal fluency test (AFT), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) for the 2011-2014 data, while only the DSST was used for the 1999-2002 data. Differences in the above information among the GNRI cohorts were compared. Factors affecting cognitive function in the population were analyzed using multifactorial Logistic regression. RESULTS: 2 653 participants from 2011 to 2014 and 2 380 participants from 1999 to 2002 were enrolled, with a total of 5 033 participants in the study. There were statistically significant differences in age, stroke, diabetes mellitus, DSST score, AFT score, CERAD score test 1 recall (Cst1), and CERAD score test 2 recall (Cst2) among the GNRI groups. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis of data from 2011 to 2014 showed that in model 3 (DSST score, age, gender, race, marriage, education, hours of sleep, history of smoking, emphysema, thyroid problems, chronic bronchitis, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression score on the PHQ-9, and stroke) adjusted for all covariates, GNRI was a protective factor for DSST [odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.00 to 1.05, P = 0.03]; Logistic regression analyse for 1999 to 2002 and 2011 to 2014 showed a significant association even after adjustment for covariates (OR = 1.02, 95%CI was 1.00 to 1.03, P = 0.02). Subgroup Logistic regression analyses of the total population from 2011 to 2014 showed a significant association between GNRI and DSST scores (OR = 1.02, 95%CI was 1.01 to 1.03, P < 0.001), with significant associations in the age subgroups of 60 to 64 years old, across gender, non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, by education, and by marital status associations were significant (all P < 0.05). Subgroup Logistic regression analyse of the total populations from 1999 to 2002 and 2011 to 2014 showed a significant association between the GNRI and DSST score (OR = 1.01, 95%CI was 1.01 to 1.02, P < 0.001), but did not show a significant year difference (interaction P = 0.503), and the newly found in the smoking population the association was also more significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The GNRI correlates with the presence of cognitive functions related to processing speed, sustained attention, and executive function, and may be able to serve as an indicator for the assessment or prediction of related cognitive functions.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Cognition ; Female ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Risk Factors ; Geriatric Assessment

Objective To explore the relationship between atherosclerotic index of plasma(AIP)and cognitive function in older adults.Methods A cross-sectional study method was used to include the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011 to 2014 population aged>60 years as study subjects,and the population was divided into>-2.158 to≤-0.624 AIP group,>-0.624 to≤-0.123 AIP group,>-0.123 to≤0.309 AIP group,>0.309 AIP group 4 groups.Demographic data(including gender,age,race,education,marriage,height,and body mass),chronic disease-related data(including angina pectoris,emphysema,depression score,chronic bronchitis,coronary heart disease,history of stroke,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus),lifestyle-related data(including smoking and sleep duration),and cognitive function assessment[including the United Registry for consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease word list(CERAD W-L)score,animal fluency test(AFT)score and digit symbol substitution test(DSST)score],and to compare the differences in the above information between groups with different levels of AIP;and to analyze the factors affecting the cognitive function of the population by using multifactorial Logistic regression.Results A total of 1 335 participants were included in the analysis,and the results of the multivariate linear regression suggested that in model 3 after adjusting for all covariates,no linear relationship existed between AIP and CERAD W-L score for the>-0.624-≤-0.123 AIP group,the>-0.123-≤-0.309 AIP group,and the>-0.309 AIP group,compared with the>-2.158-≤-0.624 AIP group have a linear relationship(P=0.500 for the>-0.624-≤-0.123 AIP group,P=0.110 for the>-0.123-≤0.309 AIP group,and P=0.200 for the>0.309 AIP group).Weighted multifactor Logistic regression analyses after adjusting for covariates showed that AIP was a risk correlate for decline in representing immediate and delayed recall CERAD W-L score[odds ratio(OR)=0.970,95％confidence interval(95％CI)of 0.950-1.000,P=0.050].Restricted Cubic Splines of AIP versus CERAD W-L score restricted cubic spline(RCS)curves suggested a significant overall effect of CERAD W-L score on AIP(overall P=0.005),but not a significant nonlinear relationship(nonlinear P=0.278);and subgroup analyses showed that among 65-70 years old who were college-educated or better,married,and free of hypertension,AIP was the most prevalent among CERAD W-L scores.AIP is an associated risk factor for the development of CERAD W-L decline in people(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusion AIP is a risk factor for cognitive decline associated with delayed and immediate memory,suggesting that AIP can be used as a predictor or assessment of cognitive function.

Objective To explore the relationship between atherosclerotic index of plasma(AIP)and cognitive function in older adults.Methods A cross-sectional study method was used to include the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011 to 2014 population aged>60 years as study subjects,and the population was divided into>-2.158 to≤-0.624 AIP group,>-0.624 to≤-0.123 AIP group,>-0.123 to≤0.309 AIP group,>0.309 AIP group 4 groups.Demographic data(including gender,age,race,education,marriage,height,and body mass),chronic disease-related data(including angina pectoris,emphysema,depression score,chronic bronchitis,coronary heart disease,history of stroke,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus),lifestyle-related data(including smoking and sleep duration),and cognitive function assessment[including the United Registry for consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease word list(CERAD W-L)score,animal fluency test(AFT)score and digit symbol substitution test(DSST)score],and to compare the differences in the above information between groups with different levels of AIP;and to analyze the factors affecting the cognitive function of the population by using multifactorial Logistic regression.Results A total of 1 335 participants were included in the analysis,and the results of the multivariate linear regression suggested that in model 3 after adjusting for all covariates,no linear relationship existed between AIP and CERAD W-L score for the>-0.624-≤-0.123 AIP group,the>-0.123-≤-0.309 AIP group,and the>-0.309 AIP group,compared with the>-2.158-≤-0.624 AIP group have a linear relationship(P=0.500 for the>-0.624-≤-0.123 AIP group,P=0.110 for the>-0.123-≤0.309 AIP group,and P=0.200 for the>0.309 AIP group).Weighted multifactor Logistic regression analyses after adjusting for covariates showed that AIP was a risk correlate for decline in representing immediate and delayed recall CERAD W-L score[odds ratio(OR)=0.970,95％confidence interval(95％CI)of 0.950-1.000,P=0.050].Restricted Cubic Splines of AIP versus CERAD W-L score restricted cubic spline(RCS)curves suggested a significant overall effect of CERAD W-L score on AIP(overall P=0.005),but not a significant nonlinear relationship(nonlinear P=0.278);and subgroup analyses showed that among 65-70 years old who were college-educated or better,married,and free of hypertension,AIP was the most prevalent among CERAD W-L scores.AIP is an associated risk factor for the development of CERAD W-L decline in people(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusion AIP is a risk factor for cognitive decline associated with delayed and immediate memory,suggesting that AIP can be used as a predictor or assessment of cognitive function.

A rat monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 class, McAb B5A8, specific for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase(PKA) was produced. Western blot analysis revealed specific binding of the antibody to protein of 52-56 kd.The affinity-purified McAb BSA8 was labeled with FITC. Immunofluorescent localization of PKA was examined in human fibroblasts, gastric cancer cell line (MGc 80-3)and EAC cells. The distribution of PKA on the cytoplasmic microtubule network, Golgi region and nucleoli were observed. PKA was localized in the nuclear region in G2 phase of synchronized MGc 80-3 cells, and it was only found around the nuclei of MGc 80-3 cells which were incubated with DBcAMP. The changes in the distribution of PKA in cells are discussed.

The distribution of receptor sites for concanavalin A (Con A) on the cellsurface of human gastric cancer cell line (MGC 80-3) and fibroblast cell cultures wasstudied with electron and light microscope after application of Con A-peroxidasemethod.The cytochemical reaction of the majority of non-prefixed MGC 80-3 cellsshows a striking tendency to be more uneven distribution than on fibroblasts.Clustering,patching and capping of Con A binding sites on the cancer cells anduniform distribution on the fibroblasts were observed.The effects of incubationtemperature,prefix treatment,different phase of cell cycles and cell growth condi-tions on the distribution of Con A receptor complexes were observed.The possiblereasons for the more irregular distribution of the cytochemical reaction product onthe MGC 80-3 cells than the fibroblasts are discussed.