Objective:To explore the expressions and significance of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in patients with hemorrhagic stroke.Methods:One hundred and three patients with hemorrhagic stroke who visited the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the hemorrhage group.Another 90 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the control group.The differences in the levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in peripheral blood between the two groups were compared. The National Institutes of Health neurological deficiency score (NHISS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological deficits of patients in the hemorrhage group. All patients were followed up for 3 months. The prognosis of patients was evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS). The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. The relationship between peripheral blood indexes and blood loss, severity of neurological impairment was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. The predictive value of peripheral blood indexes for prognosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:The expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA (2.67±0.42, 1.04±0.28), Caspase-1 mRNA (1.24±0.26, 0.75±0.14) and IL-1β protein ((24.92±4.97) pg/mL, (13.39±2.35) pg/mL) in the hemorrhage group were higher than those in the control group ( t=31.243, 15.967, 20.126, all P<0.05). When comparing the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in the peripheral blood of patients with different amounts of bleeding, those with massive bleeding were higher than those with moderate bleeding, and those with moderate bleeding were higher than those with mild bleeding (all P<0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in peripheral blood were positively correlated with the amount of bleeding in patients with hemorrhagic stroke ( r=0.646, 0.585, 0.604, all P<0.05). The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in patients with severe neurological deficits were higher than those in patients with moderate and mild neurological deficits, and those in patients with moderate neurological deficits were higher than those in patients with mild neurological deficits (all P<0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in peripheral blood were positively correlated with the degree of neurological deficits in patients with hemorrhagic stroke ( r=0.607, 0.522, 0.546, all P<0.05). The expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in peripheral blood in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). The prediction results indicated that bleeding into the cerebral ventricles, large amount of bleeding, and high expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in peripheral blood were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the combined assessment of poor prognosis in hemorrhagic stroke by the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β was 0.856, which was larger than the areas under the curves of the three indicators detected separately (0.720, 0.703, 0.715, P<0.05). Conclusion:The expressions of peripheral blood NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β are up-regulated in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and their high expressions are related to blood loss and the severity of neurological deficit, which also indicate poor prognosis of patients.

Objective:To explore the expressions and significance of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in patients with hemorrhagic stroke.Methods:One hundred and three patients with hemorrhagic stroke who visited the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the hemorrhage group.Another 90 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the control group.The differences in the levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in peripheral blood between the two groups were compared. The National Institutes of Health neurological deficiency score (NHISS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological deficits of patients in the hemorrhage group. All patients were followed up for 3 months. The prognosis of patients was evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS). The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. The relationship between peripheral blood indexes and blood loss, severity of neurological impairment was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. The predictive value of peripheral blood indexes for prognosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:The expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA (2.67±0.42, 1.04±0.28), Caspase-1 mRNA (1.24±0.26, 0.75±0.14) and IL-1β protein ((24.92±4.97) pg/mL, (13.39±2.35) pg/mL) in the hemorrhage group were higher than those in the control group ( t=31.243, 15.967, 20.126, all P<0.05). When comparing the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in the peripheral blood of patients with different amounts of bleeding, those with massive bleeding were higher than those with moderate bleeding, and those with moderate bleeding were higher than those with mild bleeding (all P<0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in peripheral blood were positively correlated with the amount of bleeding in patients with hemorrhagic stroke ( r=0.646, 0.585, 0.604, all P<0.05). The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in patients with severe neurological deficits were higher than those in patients with moderate and mild neurological deficits, and those in patients with moderate neurological deficits were higher than those in patients with mild neurological deficits (all P<0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in peripheral blood were positively correlated with the degree of neurological deficits in patients with hemorrhagic stroke ( r=0.607, 0.522, 0.546, all P<0.05). The expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β in peripheral blood in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). The prediction results indicated that bleeding into the cerebral ventricles, large amount of bleeding, and high expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in peripheral blood were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the combined assessment of poor prognosis in hemorrhagic stroke by the levels of NLRP3 mRNA, Caspase-1 mRNA and IL-1β was 0.856, which was larger than the areas under the curves of the three indicators detected separately (0.720, 0.703, 0.715, P<0.05). Conclusion:The expressions of peripheral blood NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β are up-regulated in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and their high expressions are related to blood loss and the severity of neurological deficit, which also indicate poor prognosis of patients.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of 450 nm blue laser vaporization in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and to summarize the preliminary experience.Methods Clinical data of 30 BPH patients who underwent transurethral 450 nm blue laser vaporization at our hospital during Jun.and Sep.2023 were selected.The operation time,hemoglobin decrease value,bladder irrigation time,catheterization time,and incidence of complications were recorded.The changes in the international prostate symptom score(IPSS),quality of life score(QoL),postvoid residual(PVR)volume,and maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax)were compared before and 3 months after surgery.Results All operations were successfully completed without conversion to transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)or open surgery.The operation time was(38.2±7.5)minutes,the hemoglobin decrease value was(10.4±3.5)g/L 24 hours after surgery,the bladder irrigation time was(15.1±3.3)hours,and the catheterization time was(4.5±0.5)days.Compared to preoperative,3 months after surgery,the IPSS[(26.28±2.22)vs.(6.29±2.10)],QoL[(5.25±0.85)vs.(2.33±0.95)],and PVR were decreased[(397.89±8.47)mL vs.(15.62±2.17)mL],while the Qmax was increased[(8.15±2.09)mL/s vs.(19.50±2.51)mL/s],with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Mild bladder mucosal injury occurred in 2 cases(6.6％)during surgery,a second indwelling catheter was placed in 1 case(3.3％)after surgery,and gross hematuria occurred in 1 case(3.3％)after surgery.No serious complications occurred.Conclusion The use of 450 nm blue laser vaporization for the treatment of BPH has advantages of fast,efficient and reliable hemostasis,and low incidence of complications,which can effectively improve urination and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Plastics are widely used in human daily life, which bring great convenience. Nevertheless, the disposal of a large amount of plastic wastes also brings great pressure to the environment. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a polymer thermoplastic material produced from petroleum. It has become one of the most commonly used plastics in the world due to its durability, high transparency, light weight and other characteristics. PET can exist in nature for a long time due to its complex structure and the difficulty in degradation, which causes serious pollution to the global ecological environment, and threatens human health. The degradation of PET wastes has since become one of the global challenges. Compared with physical and chemical methods, biodegradation is the greenest way for treating PET wastes. This review summarizes the recent advances on PET biodegradation including microbial and enzymatic degradation of PET, biodegradation pathway, biodegradation mechanisms, and molecular modification of PET-degrading enzymes. In addition, the prospect for achieveing efficient degradation of PET, searching and improving microorganisms or enzymes that can degrade PET of high crystallinity are presented, with the aimto facilitate the development, application and molecular modification of PET biodegradation microorganisms or enzymes.
Humans ; Polyethylene Terephthalates/metabolism* ; Polymers ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Petroleum

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of congenital esophageal atresia with gastric perforation, and to improve pediatricians′ understanding of this disease.Methods:The clinical data of five neonates with congenital esophageal atresia and gastric perforation treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Among the five neonates, four were boys and one was girl.The gestational age was 28 + 5 to 37 + 6 weeks, the birth weight was 1 100~2 350 g. All of them had dyspnea and feeding difficulties after birth.Gastric perforation occurred in three cases during invasive mechanical ventilation, one case during non-invasive ventilation, and one case during nasal catheter oxygen inhalation.Emergency primary gastric repair was performed, followed by secondary esophageal anastomosis.All the patients were cured and discharged from hospital. Conclusion:Gastric perforation is a rare complication of congenital esophageal atresia, which is more common in premature infants and low birth weight infants.Mechanical ventilation may promote the occurrence of gastric perforation.If gastric perforation is complicated, repair should be performed as soon as possible, and esophageal anastomosis surgery should be performed early after stability to improve the final outcome.

Objective:To evaluate the differential expression of blood routine in different types of infection and the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PT), ferritin (SF) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bacterial and mycoplasma pneumonia and their early warning value in severe cases.Method:A total of 627 patients, including 176 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 275 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia, 176 cases of viral infection and 180 cases of normal control were collected from May 2018 to December 2019 in children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics. The mycoplasma pneumonia group was divided into mild group (151 cases) and severe group (124 cases) according to the results of lavage fluid RNA-examination. All patients received completed blood routine test at the first day of admission, patients in bacteria group and Mycoplasma group received the examination of four inflammatory indicators. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in blood routine results between different infection groups, and the differences of inflammatory indexes between bacterial group and Mycoplasma mild and severe group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curve method was used to analyze the predictive value of inflammatory indexes between different infection groups.Results:There were significant differences in leukocyte count, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte percentage between bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, viral infection and normal control group ( P<0.05). The differences of four inflammatory indexes in bacterial group, mild Mycoplasma group and severe group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The rest of the index (CRP, PCT, LDH, SF and white blood cell count) were P<0.05 (CRP: area under curve [AUC] 0.799; PCT: AUC 0.579; LDH: AUC 0.651; SF: AUC 0.854), in mild and severe mycoplasma group, except WBC, by ROC-curves analysis. The AUC value of the area under the curve of CRP and SF is high, and the sensitivity and specificity at the diagnostic critical point are high, which has great diagnostic value (CRP: diagnostic critical point 12.55 mg/L, sensitivity 0.719, specificity 0.755; SF: diagnostic critical point 176.02 μg/L, sensitivity 0.765, specificity 0.960). ROC curve results also showed that of PCT, White blood cell and neutrophil percentage had the diagnostic value in bacterial infection and mycoplasma infection, P<0.05 (PCT: AUC 0.658; leukocyte: AUC 0.804; neutrophil: AUC 0.630). Leukocyte count is the best differential index (diagnostic critical point 9.585×10 9/L, sensitivity 0.778, specificity 0.698), PCT has higher sensitivity at the diagnostic critical point of 0.55 μg/L, but the specificity is slightly lower (diagnostic critical point of 0.55 μg/L, sensitivity 0.862, specificity 0.366). Conclusions:PCT and leukocyte count can be used as the preferred inflammatory indexes to distinguish bacterial and mycoplasma infection. CRP, LDH, PCT and SF can be used as early warning indexes to evaluate severe mycoplasma infection.

Objective:To explore the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Shigella in stool samples of children under five years old with diarrhea from 2008 to 2017 in Sui County, Henan Province. Methods:A total of 4 721 stool samples of children under five years old with diarrhea were collected from Doufuyuan Clinic of Sui County during 2008 to 2017, and Shigella strains were isolated through bacterial culture. The slide agglutination test was used for serotyping of Shigella strains. Two hundred of seventy-one Shigella strains were selected in proportion, and multiple gradient polymerase chain reaction was used to detect virulence genes and Kirby-Bauer agar method was used for drug sensitivity. Trend chi square test was used to analyze the annual trend of drug resistance. Results:The detection rate of Shigella strains in 4 721 fecal samples was 20.69% (977/4 721). A total of 977 Shigella strains were divided into 13 serotypes in two groups, including 77.79%(760/977) Shigella flexneri strains and 22.21%(217/977) Shigella sonnei strains.The top three serotypes detected alternately every year.The dominant gene pattern of Shigella flexneri was Shigella enterotoxin ( shET)-1+ , shET-2+ , invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH)+ , invasion-associated locus ( ial)+ , accounted for 84.04%(179/213) and that of Shigella sonnei was shET-1-, shET-2+ , ipaH+ , ial+ , accounted for 46.55%(27/58). The drug resistance rates of 271 Shigella strains to ampicillin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline were more than 90% and the strains were more sensitive to cefepime and ceftazidime.The drug resistance rates to cefotaxime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim increased year by year, and all had statistically significant differences ( χ2=24.027, 7.232, 6.039, 4.764 and 6.809, respectively, all P< 0.05). There were 98.52%(267/271) strains resistant to more than three kinds of drugs. The resistance rates of Shigella flexneri to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and chloramphenicol were higher than those of Shigella sonnei, and the resistance rates to gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were lower than those of Shigella sonnei. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=31.866, 14.868, 83.036, 68.534 and 14.738, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The major serotypes of Shigella in children under five years old in Sui County are constantly changing from 2008 to 2017. The dominant gene patterns of different serotypes are different. Most isolated strains have multiple drug resistances, and different serotypes have different resistance profiles.

Objective To evaluate the effect of over-expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog does on chromosome ten (PTEN) in podocytes on kidney under high fat diet (HFD) in vivo and clarify the mechanism how PTEN regulates scavenger receptor A (SR-A) expression exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in podocytes in vitro.Methods The podocyte-specific PTEN knockin (PPKI) mice were fed with HFD to establish mouse model of lipid-induced renal injury.Mice were divided into four groups:ND+Ctrl group,ND+PPKI group,HFD+Ctrl group and HFD+PPKI group.After 24 weeks of dietary intervention,all mice were tested for clinical and biochemical parameters,including serum creatinine (Scr) as well as urine albumin excretion rate (UAER);renal lipid content was measured by oil red O staining and cholesterol quantitative analysis;the pathological changes of glomeruli were observed by PAS staining and electron microscope.Podocyte injury was induced by ox-LDL in vitro.Western blotting was used to detect the changes of SR-A expression induced by ox-LDL after YAP-siRNA interfering (si-YAP),as well as YAP phosphorylation induced by ox-LDL after interfering by PTEN-siRNA (si-PTEN) and PTEN phosphatase inhibitor (Bpv-PTEN),and overexpressing by recombinant adenovirus (ad-PTEN).Results Compared with ND+Ctrl group,HFD+ Ctrl group significantly aggravated the levels of Scr and UAER,the expression of SR-A in podocytes,renal lipid content,mesangial matrix expansion,effacement of podocyte foot processes,and incrassation of glomerular basement membrane (all P ＜ 0.05).Conversely,compared with HFD+Ctrl group,HFD+ PPKI group obviously alleviated the above lipid-induced renal damage (all P ＜ 0.05).In vitro,the expression of SR-A in podocytes was up-regulated when stimulated with ox-LDL (P ＜ 0.05),and the knockout of YAP significantly down-regulated the expression of SR-A induced by ox-LDL (P ＜ 0.05).Exposed to ox-LDL,the expression of p-YAP increased in podocytes (P ＜ 0.05);over-expression of PTEN inhibited p-YAP up-regulation induced by ox-LDL (P ＜ 0.05),while either knockdown of PTEN or inhibition of PTEN phosphatase activity displayed opposite effect (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Over-expression of PTEN in podocytes protected the kidney against damage from HFD in vivo and PTEN might suppress SR-A mediated lipid uptake via dephosphorylating p-YAP to prevent podocyte injury from ox-LDL.

Background and purpose:The quality of life and psychological status of the advanced cancer patients has been widely valued. This study aimed to analyze the psychological status of the advanced cancer patients and its influence factors.Methods:The patients who were hospitalized in the palliative care department of Fudan University Cancer Center from Sep. 2011 to Mar. 2013 were included in this study. Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), EORTC QLQ-C30, social support revalued scale and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) were recorded and analyzed.Results:Fifty-six patients were included in this study, 18 were depression and 24 were anxiety while 16 of them were depression together with anxiety. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their psychological status. There’s no signiifcant difference between the age and the social support between the two groups, while the mental disorders group have lower scores on body function, role function, emotional function and social function. The mental disorders were positive correlated with the symptoms score while negative correlated with the quality of life.Conclusion:There’s a high ratio of mental disorders in advanced cancer patients, the symptom scores and quality of life are related to mental disorders. We should pay more attention to the patients who were suffered more from the illness or had lower QOL scores.