Objective:To explore the effect of exercise on glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 42 T2DM patients undergoing regular follow-up at a community health center were divided into a control group and an exercise group. To minimize confounding factors, 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 21 patients in each group. Both groups received standardized diabetes management, including medication, dietary guidance and diabetes health education. The exercise group additionally performed exercises which integrated sports and medical care models. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, visceral fat area (VFA), fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the actual exercise compliance of the exercise group was observed, along with any adverse events such as hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries, as well as changes in antidiabetic medication dosage.Results:After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in both groups in all of the measurements, but with the average HbA1c, BMI, fat mass, VFA and FMI values of the exercise group then significantly better than the control group′s averages. The average compliance rate in the exercise group was 60%. No cases of hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries were reported during the intervention, and there were no changes in the use of anti-diabetes medications.Conclusions:Exercise effectively improves glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling T2DM patients. However, exercise compliance needs improving.

Objective:To explore the effect of a nurse-led internet nutrition support team (NST) on home nutrition care for liver cancer patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) .Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 200 liver cancer patients who underwent TACE at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2022 to June 2023. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group, each consisting of 100 patients. The control group received traditional nutrition guidance and follow-up, while the intervention group received nurse-led internet NST intervention in addition to the control group's treatment. The nutritional status indicators (hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, body mass index) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) scores were compared at discharge and 3 months after the intervention.Results:At discharge, there was no significant difference in nutritional status indicators and PG-SGA scores between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Three months after the intervention, the hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, and body mass index level in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Additionally, the PG-SGA score in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically signifiant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nurse-led internet NST can further improve the nutritional status of liver cancer patients after TACE during home nutrition care.

Objective:To explore the effect of exercise on glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 42 T2DM patients undergoing regular follow-up at a community health center were divided into a control group and an exercise group. To minimize confounding factors, 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 21 patients in each group. Both groups received standardized diabetes management, including medication, dietary guidance and diabetes health education. The exercise group additionally performed exercises which integrated sports and medical care models. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, visceral fat area (VFA), fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Moreover, the actual exercise compliance of the exercise group was observed, along with any adverse events such as hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries, as well as changes in antidiabetic medication dosage.Results:After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in both groups in all of the measurements, but with the average HbA1c, BMI, fat mass, VFA and FMI values of the exercise group then significantly better than the control group′s averages. The average compliance rate in the exercise group was 60%. No cases of hypoglycemia or exercise-related injuries were reported during the intervention, and there were no changes in the use of anti-diabetes medications.Conclusions:Exercise effectively improves glycemic control and physical indicators among community-dwelling T2DM patients. However, exercise compliance needs improving.

LL-37 is a widely-distributed human antimicrobial peptide with antimicrobial activity.In recent years,it has been found that LL-37 not only has antibacterial effect,but also can exert comprehensive immune regulatory function on different immune cells in different microenvironments,and then play a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory role in a series of autoimmune diseases.This article focuses on immunomodulatory effect of LL-37 and its possible role in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To understand the current status of illness benefit perception among caregivers of type 2 diabetes patients,analyze its relationship with coping strategies and social support,and explore its influencing factors.Methods Using a convenience sampling method,240 caregivers of type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized in the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Kunming from October 2023 to October 2024 were selected.Questionnaires including general information survey,Benefit Finding Scale,Simplified Coping Strategy Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale were used to investigate the caregivers.Results The caregivers'benefit finding score was(66.82±16.73),coping strategy score was(36.01±9.64),and social support score was(42.00±8.11).Pearson correlation analysis showed positive correlations between coping styles,social support,and illness benefit perception(r=0.445,r=0.493,P<0.01);multiple linear regression analysis indicated that family residence,education level,duration of caregiving,and understanding of the patient's disease were key factors influencing illness benefit perception(P<0.01).Conclusion Caregivers of type 2 diabetes patients have a moderate level of illness benefit perception,with positive correlations between coping strategies,social support,and illness benefit perception.The disease benefit perception of caregivers is also influenced by family residence,education level,caregiving duration,and disease knowledge.

LL-37 is a widely-distributed human antimicrobial peptide with antimicrobial activity.In recent years,it has been found that LL-37 not only has antibacterial effect,but also can exert comprehensive immune regulatory function on different immune cells in different microenvironments,and then play a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory role in a series of autoimmune diseases.This article focuses on immunomodulatory effect of LL-37 and its possible role in autoimmune diseases.

Objective:To explore the effect of a nurse-led internet nutrition support team (NST) on home nutrition care for liver cancer patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) .Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 200 liver cancer patients who underwent TACE at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2022 to June 2023. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group, each consisting of 100 patients. The control group received traditional nutrition guidance and follow-up, while the intervention group received nurse-led internet NST intervention in addition to the control group's treatment. The nutritional status indicators (hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, body mass index) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) scores were compared at discharge and 3 months after the intervention.Results:At discharge, there was no significant difference in nutritional status indicators and PG-SGA scores between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Three months after the intervention, the hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, and body mass index level in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Additionally, the PG-SGA score in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically signifiant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nurse-led internet NST can further improve the nutritional status of liver cancer patients after TACE during home nutrition care.

Objective:To analyse the composition of Astragali Radix and its honey-processed products through a combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and molecular network; To compare the changes in the main components of Astragali Radix before and after honey-frying.Methods:The aqueous extracts of Astragali Radix before and after honey-frying were prepared, and the compositions were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, analyzed and identified by the Global Natural Products Molecular Network Analysis Platform (GNPS). The generated molecular networks were visualized and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. The compounds were identified by Masslynx 4.2 software based on the secondary fragmentation information of the compounds, and the changes in the content of the components before and after the processing of Astragali Radix were analysed.Results:47 flavonoids and 34 triterpenoid saponins were presumably identified from Astragali Radix and its honey-frying products using the above analytical methods, with about 87% of the flavonoids and about 82% of the saponins decreasing in content after honey-frying.Conclusions:The compositional changes of Astragali Radix before and after honey-frying are rapidly resolved and visualised by liquid-quantity coupling combined with molecular network. It is found that some of the flavonoids and saponins components of Astragali Radix underwent hydrolysis after honey-frying and it may be the material change basis for processing efficiency enhancement.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of acupuncture on the learning and memory ability and intestinal flora structure of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8)mice.METHODS Eighteen 6-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided in-to model group and acupuncture group,with 9 mice in each group,and 9 senescence-accelerated mouse resistant strain 1(SAMR1)mice of the same month as the normal group.The acupuncture group selected Baihui and Yongquan points for acupuncture,5 times a week,20 min each time,for 8 consecutive weeks.Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice in each group,immunofluorescence method was used to detect β-amyloid protein(Aβ)expression in the cerebral cortex,and 16S rDNA technology was used to detect changes in intestinal flora.RESULTS The results of the water maze experiment showed that compared with the normal group,the learning and memory abilities of the mice in the model group were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the learning and memory abilities of the mice in the acupuncture group were significantly improved compared with the model group(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the normal group,the model group had increased positive expression of Aβ in the cerebral cortex,and obvious Aβ plaque deposition could be seen;the acupuncture group had fewer Aβ plaques than the model group.Alpha diversity index showed that compared with the normal group,the Ace and Simpson values of the model group de-creased(P<0.05)and the Shannon value increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the Ace and Chao values of the acu-puncture group increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).In the beta diversity analysis,the results of principal component analysis(PCA)and principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)showed that the samples in each group were relatively clustered,and the distance between sam-ples in each group was far away.The Venn diagram showed that there were 664,689,and 649 OTUs in the normal group,model group,and acupuncture group,respectively.Results of intestinal flora structure analysis showed that compared with the normal group,the abundance of Bacteroidetes,Ruminococcaceae,and Eubacterium xylanophilum in the model group increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Fusobacterium,unclassified Fusobacterium,and Porphyromonas decreased(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Eubacterium xylanophilum decreased in the acupuncture group(P<0.05),and the abundance of Fusobacterium,unclassified Fusobacterium,and Porphyromonas increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture can reduce cortical Aβ deposition and improve learning and memory abilities in SAMP8 mice,which may be related to regulating the structure of intestinal flora and increasing species diversity.

Objective To investigate whether the extracts of Patrinia heterophylla(MTH)inhibits the activation of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in vitro and the inflammatory response induced in vivo by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Cellular studies:RAW264.7 cells were divided into 6 groups:control group,LPS group,LPS+Dexamethasone(DEX)group and LPS+MTH(low,medium,high dose)groups.The LPS group,LPS+DEX and LPS+MTH group were induced with a final concentration of 100 ng/ml LPS.While the LPS+DEX group was additionally treated with 5.0 ng/ml DEX,the LPS+MTH group was additionally treated with MTH(final concentrations of 0.1,0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml).The cell activity was detected using CCK-8 assay,cell invasion was detected using Transwell assay,cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry,and interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-17(IL-17)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.The expression and secretion levels of nitric oxide(NO)in cells were detected by Griess assay,total reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were detected by flow cytometry.The phosphorylation level of p65 and inhibitor of κB(IκB)were detected by protein immunoblotting assay.The transcriptional activity was detection by luciferase reporter gene assay.Animal studies:50 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,10 per group,namely the control group,LPS group,LPS+DEX group,LPS+MTH low-dose group(6 g/kg)and LPS+MTH high-dose group(24 g/kg).LPS was injected into the lungs of rats,and the groups were orally administered at 36 h,24 h,12 h before modeling,and 12 h,24 h after modeling.12 h after the last administration,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected,and the IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α and NF-κB signaling pathway-related indicators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured.Results Cellular studies:Compared with the control group,the cell activity,invasion,apoptosis,IL-6,IL-17 and TNF-α mRNA and protein,NO,ROS,phosphorylation level of P536 protein S536 site and IκB protein S32 site and transcription activity of NF-κB had significantly increased in the LPS group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the LPS group,the cell activity,invasion,IL-6,IL-17,and TNF-αmRNA and protein,NO,ROS,phosphorylation level of P536 protein S536 site and IκB protein S32 site and transcription activity of NF-κB had significantly decreased in 3 LPS+MTH groups(all P＜0.05),and apoptosis was significantly increased in 3 LPS+MTH groups(all P＜0.05).All of which showed a dose-dependent trend of MTH.Animal studies:Compared with the control group,the LPS group showed a significant increase in IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α and phosphorylation levels of p65 protein at S536 site and IκB protein at S32 site(all P＜0.05).Compared with the LPS group,the 2 LPS+MTH groups showed a significant decrease in IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α and phosphorylation levels of p65 protein at S536 site and IκB protein at S32 site(all P＜0.05).These indicators showed a dose-dependent trend with MTH.Conclusion MTH can inhibit the activation of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 induced by LPS and the inflammatory response in the lungs of rats induced by LPS,which may be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.