Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model for the determination of moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae.Methods:Near-infrared spectra of 91 batches of Pollen Typhae samples were collected.Spectral preprocessing was performed using S-G,MSC,SNV,and CWT methods.Variable selection was conducted using CARS,SPA,and VIP methods,and compared with full-spectrum modeling.Partial least squares(PLS)mod-els were established for the quantitative determination of moisture,total ash,extractives,and content.The model performance was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination for the calibration set and validation set(R2 c,R2v),root mean square error of calibration and validation(RMSEc,RMSEv),and residual prediction devia-tion(RPD).Results:The PLS models for moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae showed R2c and R2v values greater than 0.9,RMSEc and RMSEv values approaching 0,and RPD values greater than 3.Conclusion:In this study,near-infrared spectroscopy was used to construct quantitative prediction models for moisture,extractives,typhaneoside,and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside content in Pollen Typhae.This method enables rapid detection of the main quality control indicators of Pollen Typhae,providing strong technical support for its quality supervision.

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,which incidence and mortality rates increasing annually.Development of drug resistance is a primary factor contributing to treatment failure.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),as key immune cells within tumor microenvironment(TME),play a significant role in the emergence and progression of drug resistance in tu-mors.TAMs can polarize into two distinct subtypes,M1 and M2,in response to diverse signaling stimuli.Research indicates that M2 TAMs are closely associated with poor prognoses in lung cancer,facilitating drug resistance through mechanisms such as promoting angiogenesis,enabling immune evasion,inducing stem cell-like characteristics in tumors,modulating relevant signaling pathways,and secreting cytokines.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is characterized by its multi-target approach and minimal toxic side effects,it has been shown to enhance tumor sensitivity to drugs,slow malignant progression,and extend patient survival.This paper reviews the relationship between TAMs and lung cancer drug resistance while summarizing current research on TCM and their active components that regulate TAM activity to mitigate drug resistance in lung cancer,aiming to provide new insights for targeting TAMs in this context.

Objective:To establish a rapid quantitative model for the determination of moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae.Methods:Near-infrared spectra of 91 batches of Pollen Typhae samples were collected.Spectral preprocessing was performed using S-G,MSC,SNV,and CWT methods.Variable selection was conducted using CARS,SPA,and VIP methods,and compared with full-spectrum modeling.Partial least squares(PLS)mod-els were established for the quantitative determination of moisture,total ash,extractives,and content.The model performance was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination for the calibration set and validation set(R2 c,R2v),root mean square error of calibration and validation(RMSEc,RMSEv),and residual prediction devia-tion(RPD).Results:The PLS models for moisture,extractives,and content in Pollen Typhae showed R2c and R2v values greater than 0.9,RMSEc and RMSEv values approaching 0,and RPD values greater than 3.Conclusion:In this study,near-infrared spectroscopy was used to construct quantitative prediction models for moisture,extractives,typhaneoside,and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside content in Pollen Typhae.This method enables rapid detection of the main quality control indicators of Pollen Typhae,providing strong technical support for its quality supervision.

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,which incidence and mortality rates increasing annually.Development of drug resistance is a primary factor contributing to treatment failure.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),as key immune cells within tumor microenvironment(TME),play a significant role in the emergence and progression of drug resistance in tu-mors.TAMs can polarize into two distinct subtypes,M1 and M2,in response to diverse signaling stimuli.Research indicates that M2 TAMs are closely associated with poor prognoses in lung cancer,facilitating drug resistance through mechanisms such as promoting angiogenesis,enabling immune evasion,inducing stem cell-like characteristics in tumors,modulating relevant signaling pathways,and secreting cytokines.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is characterized by its multi-target approach and minimal toxic side effects,it has been shown to enhance tumor sensitivity to drugs,slow malignant progression,and extend patient survival.This paper reviews the relationship between TAMs and lung cancer drug resistance while summarizing current research on TCM and their active components that regulate TAM activity to mitigate drug resistance in lung cancer,aiming to provide new insights for targeting TAMs in this context.

Objective:To investigate the anti-aging and antioxidant effect of the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) on human retinal pigment epithelial cells.Methods:Two HSF1-deficient ARPE cells (ARPE/Hsf1 -/-) were constructed by using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system and named H8, H9 konckout cell strains.Experiments were operated on the 3 cell strains: wild-type, H8 and H9 cells.The content of reactive oxygen species in ARPE-19 cell was measured by DHE probe staining combined with flow cytometry technology, and the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry technology.The cell viability at different time points was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).Crystal violet staining assay was used to measure the relative ratio of cell survival.SA-β-gal staining assay was used to detect the ratio of ARPE-19 senescent cells.The expressions of HSP70, HSP27, clusterin (CLU), p53, p21 and interleukin (IL)-1β proteins were measured by Western blot technology.The expressions of p53, p21, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time PCR technology.Relative expression of heat shock response protein under different heat shock treatment conditions and HSP90 inhibitor IPI504, relative survival with different concentrations of H 2O 2, relative expression of p21 protein after treatment with or without ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were compared in each cell strain. Results:Gene sequencing showed that H8 and H9 cell strains successfully carried mutated genes.Western blot experiment results showed that H8 and H9 cell strains did not express HSF1 protein, and HSF1 was successfully knocked out in ARPE-19 cells.Compared with wild-type cell, the expression levels of HSP70, HSP27 and CLU proteins in H8 and H9 cell strains significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05), and no significant difference was found in the relative HSP90 protein expression level ( F=0.29, P>0.05).Under different heat shock stimulation and IPI504 induction, the HSP70, HSP27, and CLU protein levels significantly increased in wild-type cells compared with before treatment, and the HSP70, HSP27, and CLU protein levels were significantly lower in H8 and H9 cell strains than in corresponding treated wild-type cells (all at P<0.05).Compared with wild-type cell strains, cell viability significantly decreased in H8 and H9 cell strains at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours (all at P<0.05).Compared with wild-type cell strains, the percentage of cells in G1 phase was significantly higher and the mRNA and protein levels of the cell cycle inhibitors p53 and p21 significantly increased in H8 and H9 strains, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05), and the ratio of positive cells for SA-β-gal staining significantly increased, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001).The relative expression of aging-related inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and MCP1 mRNA decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001).In addition, compared with wild-type cell strains, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was higher in H8 and H9 cell strains, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001).The expression of p21 protein in H8 and H9 cell strains wtih NAC treatment decreased significantly compared with non-NAC treatment cells (both at P<0.05).Compared with wild-type cell strains, H8 and H9 cell viability decreased at 200, 400, 600, and 800 μmol/L H 2O 2 treatment conditions, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Knockdown of HSF1 can downregulate the expression of heat shock proteins, activate the ROS/P53/P21 pathway, induce senescence in RPE cells, and increase the sensitivity of RPE to oxidative stress stimuli.HSF1 may have anti-senescence and anti-oxidant regulatory effects in RPE cells.

Objective To explore the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in adults,and to understand the scientific value and long-term effect of NPIs.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data and laboratory examination data of adult patients with respiratory tract infection in West China Hospital,Sichuan University from 2017 to 2023,and the patho-gen,population,season and other aspects were analyzed in different periods.The analysis period included 2017 to 2019(before the implementation of NPIs),2020 to 2022(during the implementation of NPIs),and January to December 2023(after the implementation of NPIs).Results A total of 33 068 adult patients with respira-tory tract infection were included.The overall prevalence of 8 adult respiratory pathogens from 2017 to 2019(26.95％)was higher than that from 2020 to 2022(8.70％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the prevalence of pathogens among different genders,ages and seasons in the first,middle and last three periods of NPIs implementation(P＜0.05).Before the imple-mentation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from January to March each year.With the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from January to March 2020(10.09％),October to December 2021(9.32％),July to September 2022(15.23％),respectively.After the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from October to December 2023(21.20％).Among the 8 pathogens,the change of prevalence of influenza A virus H1N1(2009)was the most obvious,and the prevalence was 17.42％,0.00％and 6.99％before,during and after the implementation of NPIs,respectively.Conclusion Due to the influence of NPIs and other factors,the epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens have changed from 2017 to 2023.Attention to the emerging characteristics of patho-gen prevalence is important for the prevention,diagnosis and control of respiratory infectious diseases during public health emergencies.

Objective:To observe the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein) on the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.Methods:SARS-CoV-2 S-protein gene fragment expression plasmid (p3xflag-S) was constructed and transfected into human RPE, HEK293 cells. DNA sequencing was used for identification, and the expression of Flag-S was detected by Western blot. HEK293 cells were divided into the cells 1, 2, 3 and 4 and transfected with GFP11 plasmid and vector, GFP1-10 plasmid and vector, transfected with GFP11 and pCMV-HA-ACE2 plasmid, GFP1-10 and p3xflag-S plasmid. Cell 1 was co-cultured with cell 2 (control group 1), cell 2 with cell 3 (control group 2), cell 3 with cell 4 (observation group), and cell 1 mixed with cells 2, 3 and 4 (control group 3). Bright-field microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe cell fusion. RPE cells were divided into control group and overexpression S-protein group. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry; the cell proliferation level was detected by Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8); and the S-protein expression level in RPE cells was detected by Western blot. The Student’s t-test was performed for comparison between groups. Results:DNA sequence assay showed that S-protein cDNA was fused with flag-tagged protein. Western blot assay showed that S-protein-related expression was elevated in transfected HEK293 cells compared with untransfected p3xflag-S cells. Large, multinucleated fused cell clusters were visible under bright-field microscopy; multiple nuclear with distinct green fluorescence were visible in the fused cells under fluorescence microscopy. Western blot assay showed elevated S-protein-related expression in transfected p3xflag-S plasmid RPE cells compared to untransfected p3xflag-S plasmid RPE cells. CCK-8 results showed that the proliferative capacity of RPE cells in the S-protein overexpression group was significantly reduced compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences ( t=22.70, 16.75, 23.38; P<0.000 1). The results of flow cytometry showed that the G1 phase cells in the control and overexpression S-protein groups were 41.1 % and 67.0%, respectively; compared with the control group, the G1 phase cells in the overexpression S-protein group were significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.76, P=0.018). The apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the S-protein overexpression group compared with the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.91, P=0.008). Conclusion:Overexpression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduced the proliferation of human RPE cells.

Objective To evaluate and screen the concentration and coordination degree of the opinions of the experts in TCM pediatrics on the preventive method of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy;To formulate scientific and practical methods for perfume pouch wearing in this book. Methods Delphi method was applied to this research. All questionnaires were designed based on the literature research and distributed to more than 30 experts for 3 rounds. And the results in the first two rounds of survey were analyzed. Results Totally 31 and 33 valid questionnaires were received in the first and second time respectively. The experts’ activity index was 88.6% and 93.4% respectively. The perfume pouch wearing methods of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy was set down. And most of the experts shared a positive view on the concentration and coordination degree of this book. Conclusion The experts’ opinions upon this draft are quite positive. The experts are from all over China, and they are quite professional, with representativeness. The perfume pouch wearing methods of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy are generally recognized by the experts. However, there are still some different ideas in terms of some indexes, which need to be further discussed.